Shadowing-Übung: Ohms Law Explained - The basics circuit theory - Englisch Sprechen Lernen mit Video
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Hey there guys, Paul here from theengineeringmindset .com.
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In this video we're going to be looking at Ohm's Law
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to understand how it works as well as how to use it.
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There are also two problems at the end of this video for you to test your knowledge
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and see if you can solve.
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So what is Ohm's Law?
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Ohm's Law is the relationship between voltage, current and resistance and how they relate to each other.
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Ohm's law was developed by a German physicist named George Ohm
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who undertook many experiments to develop his theory including measuring current by touching live electrical circuits to see how much it hurt.
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As you might imagine the higher the current the more it hurt.
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Now there are three formulas we need to use for Ohm's law
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but we don't actually need to remember these and I'll show you a super easy tip in just a moment.
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So the three formulas we use for Ohm's law are voltage equals current multiplied by resistance, current equals voltage divided by resistance,
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and resistance equals voltage divided by current.
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If that seems like a lot to remember then don't worry because we don't need to remember them.
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All we need to remember is Ohm's triangle which looks like this.
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So you just need to remember these three letters in order V, I, R.
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Then we just write those letters in a triangle with V at the top
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and we draw a line to separate the letters.
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In fact you don't even need to remember those
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because I've made a free PDF guide for you with some worked examples
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which you can keep on your PC or your mobile and access wherever you need.
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Links for that can be found in the video description down below.
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Now all we do when we need to use a formula is cover up the letter we need.
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So if we want to find the voltage then we write V equals
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and then we cover up the V in the triangle.
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That leaves us with I and R so we write I multiplied by which means voltage equals current multiplied by resistance.
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You can write a little multiplication symbol in the triangle between the two letters if it helps you.
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Now I know what you're thinking, why is current represented with the letter I and not a C for current,
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or even a letter A for the unit of ampere?
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Well the unit of current is the ampere or the amp, and this is named after André Ampere, a French physicist.
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A couple of hundred years ago he undertook lots of experiments many involved varying the amount of electrical current.
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So he called this intensity du current or the intensity of current.
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So when he published his work they took the letter I and it became standard until this day.
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Now you might also come across formulas where the letter E is used instead of V.
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The letter E stands for EMF or electromotive force
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but don't worry about that just stick to using V
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and substitute V for E if you see it used in Ohm's law questions.
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Anyway so by covering V we get voltage equals current multiplied by resistance.
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If we want to find current then we write down I equals
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and then we cover up the letter I in the triangle.
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That gives us V and R
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so as V is above the R like a fraction
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we can write V divided by R therefore current is equal to voltage divided by resistance.
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If we want to find resistance then we write down R equals and we cover up R in the triangle.
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That leaves us with V and I so we write V divided by I
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which gives us resistance equals voltage divided by current.
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Let's look at some examples for how to use these formulas.
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First let's see how we find voltage and how it relates to the other parts.
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Let's say we have a simple electrical circuit with a battery and a resistor.
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We don't know what the voltage of the battery is though.
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The resistor is three ohms and when we connect a multimeter into the circuit, we see that we get a reading of two amps of current.
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We want to find the voltage, so using ohms triangle, we can cover up the V and that gives us V equals I multiplied by R.
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We know the current is two amps, so we can write that in, and we know the resistance is three ohms,
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so we can write that in also.
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Therefore, two amps multiplied by three ohms gives us six volts.
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The battery is therefore 6 volts.
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Now if you want to check your answers for ohms questions then I've built a free calculator on the website.
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You can just drop your numbers in and it will do the calculation for you.
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Links for that again in the video description down below.
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Coming back to the circuit, if we now double the voltage by connecting two 6 volt batteries in series we get 12 volts.
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If we now connect this to the same circuit the current also doubles from 2 amps to 4 amps.
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If we double the voltage again to 24 volts, the current will also double to 8 amps.
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So what's the relationship here?
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We can see that current is therefore directly proportional to voltage.
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If we double the voltage, we double the current.
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Remember voltage is like pressure, is the pushing force in the circuit.
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It pushes the electrons around the wires
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and we place things like lamps in the way of these electrons
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so that they have to flow through these and that causes the lamp to light up.
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By doubling the voltage we see that the current also doubles,
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meaning that more electrons are flowing and this occurs as we apply more pressure or more voltage.
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This is just like if we were to use a bigger water pump then more water will flow.
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Okay, so what about finding current?
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Let's say we now have a 3 ohm lamp connected to a 6 volt power supply.
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To find the current we write down I equals and then we cover up I in the triangle.
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That gives us V divided by R, so current equals voltage divided by resistance.
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We know the voltage is 6 volts and the resistance is 3 ohms, so the current is therefore 2 amps.
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And that's what we see on the multimeter.
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By the way, if you don't have a multimeter then I highly recommend you get one.
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It's essential for troubleshooting but also building your essential electrical knowledge.
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I'll leave some links down below for which one to get and from where.
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So we saw what happens when we use a resistance of 3 ohms in the circuit.
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But if we double the resistance to 6 ohms by placing another 3 ohm lamp into the circuit, the current halves to just 1 amp.
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If we double the resistance again to 12 ohms, the current will half again to 0 .5 amps.
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We can visually see this because the lamps will become less bright as the current reduces from the increase in resistance.
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So what's the relationship here?
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We can see that the current is inversely proportional to the resistance.
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When we double the resistance the current will decrease by half.
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If we half the resistance the current will double.
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Current is the flow of electrons or the flow of free electrons.
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For us to make this lamp shine we need to push electrons through it.
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How do we do that?
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We apply a voltage across the two ends.
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The voltage will push the electrons.
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The atoms inside the copper wire have free electrons in their valence shell
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which means they can very easily move to other copper atoms.
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They will naturally move to other atoms by themselves
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but this will be in random directions which is of no use to us.
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For the lamp to turn on we need lots of electrons to flow in the same direction.
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When we connect to voltage source
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we use the pressure of the battery to push the electrons through the circuit all in the same direction.
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For example to power this 1 .5 ohm resistive lamp with a 1 .5 volt battery requires 1 amp of current.
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This is equal to 6 ,242 ,000 ,000 electrons passing from the battery
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and through the lamp every second and if we can achieve this then the lamp will stay at full brightness.
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If the voltage or current reduces or the resistance of the circuit increases then the lamp will become dimmer.
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Okay now let's look at finding resistance.
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Say we have a resistive lamp connected to a 12 volt power supply.
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We don't know how much resistance is adding to the circuit but we measure the current at 0 .5 amps.
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To find the resistance we write down R equals and and then we cover up the R in the triangle.
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We're left with V and I, so resistance equals voltage divided by current.
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We know the voltage is 12 volts and the current is 0 .5 amps, so 12 divided by 0 .5 gives us 24 ohms of resistance.
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Resistance is the opposition to the flow of electrons.
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It tries to prevent electrons from flowing.
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That's why we use resistors in circuits to reduce the current and protect components such as an LED.
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If we try to connect an LED directly to a 9V battery, it will blow out because the voltage and the current are too high.
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But when we add a resistor into the circuit, then these are reduced, so the LED is protected and will shine brightly.
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So given the circuit, we can increase the current by increasing the voltage, or we can also increase the current by reducing the resistance.
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We can also reduce the current by increasing the resistance.
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Okay, time for you to test your skills.
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Can you solve these problems?
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I'll leave a link for the answer and the solution in the video description down below.
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Problem one, let's say we have this lamp which has a resistance of 240 ohms.
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If we plug this into an outlet in the US which uses 120 volts, what will the current be?
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Problem two, if I plug the same 240 ohm resistive lamp into an outlet in the UK, we get a current of 0 .958 amps.
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So what is the voltage being applied here?
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Okay guys, that's it for this video, but to continue your learning,
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then check out one of the videos on screen now and I'll catch you there for the next lesson.
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Don't forget to follow us on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, LinkedIn, as well as theengineeringmindset .com.
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Wortschatz und Sprechhinweise zu dieser Lektion
Diese Sprechübung basiert auf dem Video „Ohms Law Explained - The basics circuit theory“. Diese Wörter kommen am häufigsten vor: current, voltage, resistance, Amp, lamp. Dieses Video enthält 108 Sätze und 1796 Wörter zum Nachsprechen. Der gesprochene Teil dauert 9:49. Der Sprecher spricht schnell, etwa 183 Wörter pro Minute – rechne mit verbundenen und verkürzten Lauten. Nur 80 % der Wörter gehören zu den 3.000 häufigsten im Englischen, der Wortschatz ist also anspruchsvoll.
Wichtiger Wortschatz in diesem Video
15 lernenswerte Wörter aus dem Video, mit Aussprache und Bedeutung:
| Wort | Aussprache | Bedeutung |
|---|---|---|
| voltage Substantiv | /ˈvəʊltɪd͡ʒ/ | Spannung |
| circuit Substantiv | /ˈsɝ.kɪt/ | Umlauf |
| lamp Substantiv | /ˈlæ̝mp/ | Lampe |
| divide Verb | /dɪˈvaɪd/ | aufteilen, teilen |
| triangle Substantiv | /ˈtɹaɪˌæŋɡəl/ | Dreieck |
| connect Verb | /kəˈnɛkt/ | verbinden |
| litter Substantiv | /ˈlɪt.ɚ/ | Streu, Stroh |
| formula Substantiv | /ˈfɔː.mjʊ.lə/ | Formel |
| metre Substantiv | /ˈmiːtəɹ/ | Meter |
| atom Substantiv | /ˈætəm/ | Atom |
| wire Substantiv | /ˈwaɪɚ/ | Draht |
| solve Verb | /sɒlv/ | lösen |
| experiment Substantiv | /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/ | Experiment, Versuch |
| copper Substantiv | /ˈkɒpə/ | Kupfer |
| relate Verb | /ɹɪˈleɪt/ | berichten |
Phrasal Verbs, die du hören wirst
| Wort | Bedeutung |
|---|---|
| cover up Verb | vertuschen |
| write down Verb | aufschreiben |
| blow out Verb | ausblasen |
| check out Verb | überprüfen |
| come across Verb | wirken, vorkommen |
| light up Verb | erhellen, erleuchten |
Grammatik in diesem Video
Die Strukturen, die der Sprecher am häufigsten verwendet, mit den genauen Worten aus dem Video:
| Struktur | Im Video |
|---|---|
| Passiv be + Partizip Perfekt – wichtig ist, was geschieht, nicht wer es tut | was developed · can be found · is named |
| Present Perfect have/has + Partizip Perfekt – eine vergangene Handlung, die jetzt noch wichtig ist | I've made · I've built |
| Relativsätze who / which + Satz – eine Zusatzinformation über eine Person oder Sache | directions which is · lamp which has |
Aussprache, auf die du achten solltest
Der Sprecher verwendet 16 Kurzformen und abgeschwächte Formen, zum Beispiel don't, I'll, I've. Sprich sie in der kurzen Form, so wie du sie hörst.
- Die Laute „sh“ und „zh“: shine /ʃaɪn/, shell /ʃɛl/, fraction /ˈfɹæk.ʃən/, calculation /ˌkælkjuˈleɪʃn̩/, multiplication /ˌmʌltɪplɪˈkeɪʃən/
- Lange Wörter – auf die Betonung achten: electrical /ɪˈlɛktɹɪkəl/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, intensity /ɪnˈtɛnsɪti/, visually /ˈvɪzju.əli/
Laute, die Deutschsprachigen schwerfallen:
- /w/ — mit runden Lippen, nicht wie das deutsche „w“ (/v/): wire /ˈwaɪɚ/, wherever /(h)wɛɹˈɛvɚ/
- Stimmhafter Auslaut — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ am Wortende nicht verhärten: voltage /ˈvəʊltɪd͡ʒ/, divide /dɪˈvaɪd/, solve /sɒlv/, plug /plʌɡ/
- /æ/ — offener als „ä“: lamp /ˈlæ̝mp/, triangle /ˈtɹaɪˌæŋɡəl/, atom /ˈætəm/, naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, fraction /ˈfɹæk.ʃən/
So übst du mit diesem Video
- Höre dir das ganze Video einmal an, ohne zu sprechen, und notiere die Wörter, die du nicht kennst.
- Beginne mit 0,75-facher Geschwindigkeit, sprich Satz für Satz nach und wechsle zur normalen Geschwindigkeit, sobald es leichtfällt.
- Nimm dich auf und vergleiche mit dem Original; achte dabei auf Wörter wie voltage, circuit, lamp.
Was ist die Shadowing-Technik?
Shadowing ist eine wissenschaftlich fundierte Sprachlerntechnik, die ursprünglich für die professionelle Dolmetscherausbildung entwickelt und durch den Polyglotten Dr. Alexander Arguelles populär gemacht wurde. Die Methode ist einfach aber wirkungsvoll: Du hörst englisches Audio von Muttersprachlern und wiederholst es sofort laut — wie ein Schatten, der dem Sprecher mit nur 1–2 Sekunden Verzögerung folgt. Anders als passives Hören oder Grammatikübungen zwingt Shadowing dein Gehirn und deine Mundmuskulatur, gleichzeitig echte Sprachmuster zu verarbeiten und zu reproduzieren. Studien zeigen, dass es Aussprachegenauigkeit, Intonation, Rhythmus, verbundene Sprache, Hörverständnis und Sprechflüssigkeit signifikant verbessert — was es zu einer der effektivsten Methoden für die IELTS Speaking-Vorbereitung und reale englische Kommunikation macht.