쉐도잉 연습: Ohms Law Explained - The basics circuit theory - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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Hey there guys, Paul here from theengineeringmindset .com.

In this video we're going to be looking at Ohm's Law

to understand how it works as well as how to use it.

There are also two problems at the end of this video for you to test your knowledge

and see if you can solve.

So what is Ohm's Law?

Ohm's Law is the relationship between voltage, current and resistance and how they relate to each other.

Ohm's law was developed by a German physicist named George Ohm

who undertook many experiments to develop his theory including measuring current by touching live electrical circuits to see how much it hurt.

As you might imagine the higher the current the more it hurt.

Now there are three formulas we need to use for Ohm's law

but we don't actually need to remember these and I'll show you a super easy tip in just a moment.

So the three formulas we use for Ohm's law are voltage equals current multiplied by resistance, current equals voltage divided by resistance,

and resistance equals voltage divided by current.

If that seems like a lot to remember then don't worry because we don't need to remember them.

All we need to remember is Ohm's triangle which looks like this.

So you just need to remember these three letters in order V, I, R.

Then we just write those letters in a triangle with V at the top

and we draw a line to separate the letters.

In fact you don't even need to remember those

because I've made a free PDF guide for you with some worked examples

which you can keep on your PC or your mobile and access wherever you need.

Links for that can be found in the video description down below.

Now all we do when we need to use a formula is cover up the letter we need.

So if we want to find the voltage then we write V equals

and then we cover up the V in the triangle.

That leaves us with I and R so we write I multiplied by which means voltage equals current multiplied by resistance.

You can write a little multiplication symbol in the triangle between the two letters if it helps you.

Now I know what you're thinking, why is current represented with the letter I and not a C for current,

or even a letter A for the unit of ampere?

Well the unit of current is the ampere or the amp, and this is named after André Ampere, a French physicist.

A couple of hundred years ago he undertook lots of experiments many involved varying the amount of electrical current.

So he called this intensity du current or the intensity of current.

So when he published his work they took the letter I and it became standard until this day.

Now you might also come across formulas where the letter E is used instead of V.

The letter E stands for EMF or electromotive force

but don't worry about that just stick to using V

and substitute V for E if you see it used in Ohm's law questions.

Anyway so by covering V we get voltage equals current multiplied by resistance.

If we want to find current then we write down I equals

and then we cover up the letter I in the triangle.

That gives us V and R

so as V is above the R like a fraction

we can write V divided by R therefore current is equal to voltage divided by resistance.

If we want to find resistance then we write down R equals and we cover up R in the triangle.

That leaves us with V and I so we write V divided by I

which gives us resistance equals voltage divided by current.

Let's look at some examples for how to use these formulas.

First let's see how we find voltage and how it relates to the other parts.

Let's say we have a simple electrical circuit with a battery and a resistor.

We don't know what the voltage of the battery is though.

The resistor is three ohms and when we connect a multimeter into the circuit, we see that we get a reading of two amps of current.

We want to find the voltage, so using ohms triangle, we can cover up the V and that gives us V equals I multiplied by R.

We know the current is two amps, so we can write that in, and we know the resistance is three ohms,

so we can write that in also.

Therefore, two amps multiplied by three ohms gives us six volts.

The battery is therefore 6 volts.

Now if you want to check your answers for ohms questions then I've built a free calculator on the website.

You can just drop your numbers in and it will do the calculation for you.

Links for that again in the video description down below.

Coming back to the circuit, if we now double the voltage by connecting two 6 volt batteries in series we get 12 volts.

If we now connect this to the same circuit the current also doubles from 2 amps to 4 amps.

If we double the voltage again to 24 volts, the current will also double to 8 amps.

So what's the relationship here?

We can see that current is therefore directly proportional to voltage.

If we double the voltage, we double the current.

Remember voltage is like pressure, is the pushing force in the circuit.

It pushes the electrons around the wires

and we place things like lamps in the way of these electrons

so that they have to flow through these and that causes the lamp to light up.

By doubling the voltage we see that the current also doubles,

meaning that more electrons are flowing and this occurs as we apply more pressure or more voltage.

This is just like if we were to use a bigger water pump then more water will flow.

Okay, so what about finding current?

Let's say we now have a 3 ohm lamp connected to a 6 volt power supply.

To find the current we write down I equals and then we cover up I in the triangle.

That gives us V divided by R, so current equals voltage divided by resistance.

We know the voltage is 6 volts and the resistance is 3 ohms, so the current is therefore 2 amps.

And that's what we see on the multimeter.

By the way, if you don't have a multimeter then I highly recommend you get one.

It's essential for troubleshooting but also building your essential electrical knowledge.

I'll leave some links down below for which one to get and from where.

So we saw what happens when we use a resistance of 3 ohms in the circuit.

But if we double the resistance to 6 ohms by placing another 3 ohm lamp into the circuit, the current halves to just 1 amp.

If we double the resistance again to 12 ohms, the current will half again to 0 .5 amps.

We can visually see this because the lamps will become less bright as the current reduces from the increase in resistance.

So what's the relationship here?

We can see that the current is inversely proportional to the resistance.

When we double the resistance the current will decrease by half.

If we half the resistance the current will double.

Current is the flow of electrons or the flow of free electrons.

For us to make this lamp shine we need to push electrons through it.

How do we do that?

We apply a voltage across the two ends.

The voltage will push the electrons.

The atoms inside the copper wire have free electrons in their valence shell

which means they can very easily move to other copper atoms.

They will naturally move to other atoms by themselves

but this will be in random directions which is of no use to us.

100

For the lamp to turn on we need lots of electrons to flow in the same direction.

101

When we connect to voltage source

102

we use the pressure of the battery to push the electrons through the circuit all in the same direction.

103

For example to power this 1 .5 ohm resistive lamp with a 1 .5 volt battery requires 1 amp of current.

104

This is equal to 6 ,242 ,000 ,000 electrons passing from the battery

105

and through the lamp every second and if we can achieve this then the lamp will stay at full brightness.

106

If the voltage or current reduces or the resistance of the circuit increases then the lamp will become dimmer.

107

Okay now let's look at finding resistance.

108

Say we have a resistive lamp connected to a 12 volt power supply.

109

We don't know how much resistance is adding to the circuit but we measure the current at 0 .5 amps.

110

To find the resistance we write down R equals and and then we cover up the R in the triangle.

111

We're left with V and I, so resistance equals voltage divided by current.

112

We know the voltage is 12 volts and the current is 0 .5 amps, so 12 divided by 0 .5 gives us 24 ohms of resistance.

113

Resistance is the opposition to the flow of electrons.

114

It tries to prevent electrons from flowing.

115

That's why we use resistors in circuits to reduce the current and protect components such as an LED.

116

If we try to connect an LED directly to a 9V battery, it will blow out because the voltage and the current are too high.

117

But when we add a resistor into the circuit, then these are reduced, so the LED is protected and will shine brightly.

118

So given the circuit, we can increase the current by increasing the voltage, or we can also increase the current by reducing the resistance.

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We can also reduce the current by increasing the resistance.

120

Okay, time for you to test your skills.

121

Can you solve these problems?

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I'll leave a link for the answer and the solution in the video description down below.

123

Problem one, let's say we have this lamp which has a resistance of 240 ohms.

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If we plug this into an outlet in the US which uses 120 volts, what will the current be?

125

Problem two, if I plug the same 240 ohm resistive lamp into an outlet in the UK, we get a current of 0 .958 amps.

126

So what is the voltage being applied here?

127

Okay guys, that's it for this video, but to continue your learning,

128

then check out one of the videos on screen now and I'll catch you there for the next lesson.

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Don't forget to follow us on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, LinkedIn, as well as theengineeringmindset .com.

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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트

이 말하기 레슨은 영상 “Ohms Law Explained - The basics circuit theory”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: current, voltage, resistance, Amp, lamp. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 108개와 단어 1796개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 9:49입니다. 화자는 분당 약 183단어로 빠르게 말하므로 연음과 약하게 발음되는 소리가 많습니다. 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속하는 단어가 80%뿐이라 어휘가 어려운 편입니다.

이 영상의 핵심 어휘

영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.

단어	발음	뜻
voltage 명사	/ˈvəʊltɪd͡ʒ/	전압
lamp 명사	/ˈlæ̝mp/	램프, 전등
divide 동사	/dɪˈvaɪd/	나누다, 가르다
triangle 명사	/ˈtɹaɪˌæŋɡəl/	삼각, 삼각형
connect 동사	/kəˈnɛkt/	잇다, 연결하다
formula 명사	/ˈfɔː.mjʊ.lə/	공식
metre 명사	/ˈmiːtəɹ/	미터, 메터
atom 명사	/ˈætəm/	원자, 아톰
wire 명사	/ˈwaɪɚ/	철사
solve 동사	/sɒlv/	해결하다
experiment 명사	/ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/	실험
copper 명사	/ˈkɒpə/	구리, 구리쇠
leaf 명사	/lif/	잎
shine 동사	/ʃaɪn/	비추다, 비치다
plug 명사	/plʌɡ/	플러그

영상에 나오는 구동사

단어	뜻
cover up 동사	감추다, 덮어버리다
write down 동사	적다, 적어 두다

이 영상의 문법

화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형	영상 속 표현
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점	was developed · can be found · is named
현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때	I've made · I've built
관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보	directions which is · lamp which has

주의할 발음

화자는 don't, I'll, I've 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 16번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.

“sh”와 “zh” 소리: shine /ʃaɪn/, shell /ʃɛl/, fraction /ˈfɹæk.ʃən/, calculation /ˌkælkjuˈleɪʃn̩/, multiplication /ˌmʌltɪplɪˈkeɪʃən/
긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: electrical /ɪˈlɛktɹɪkəl/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, intensity /ɪnˈtɛnsɪti/, visually /ˈvɪzju.əli/

한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:

/f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: formula /ˈfɔː.mjʊ.lə/, leaf /lif/, forty /ˈfoɹti/, fraction /ˈfɹæk.ʃən/, physicist /ˈfɪzɪsɪst/
/v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: voltage /ˈvəʊltɪd͡ʒ/, divide /dɪˈvaɪd/, solve /sɒlv/, wherever /(h)wɛɹˈɛvɚ/, vary /ˈvɛəɹi/
/z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: visually /ˈvɪzju.əli/, resistor /ɹɪˈzɪstɚ/, physicist /ˈfɪzɪsɪst/

이 영상으로 연습하는 방법

먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
0.75배속으로 한 문장씩 섀도잉을 시작하고, 익숙해지면 보통 속도로 돌아갑니다.
자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, voltage, lamp, divide 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

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