Shadowing Practice: Air Conditioning System Basics hvacr how does it work - Learn English Speaking with Video
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sponsored by danfoss when we look at a typical refrigeration system we have the compressor
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the condenser the expansion valve and the evaporator the condenser
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and the evaporator are both heat exchangers the condenser sits outside the property
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and the evaporator sits inside the room being cooled the compressor circulates a refrigerant in the pipe work
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which cycles between all of these components the expansion valve regulates
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the flow of refrigerant the refrigerant is a specially designed fluid
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which can change between being a liquid and a gas very easily and that's
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because it has a very low boiling point for example refrigerant
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are for 10 a will boil at negative 48 degrees Celsius
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or negative 55 degrees Fahrenheit although this will change with pressure
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but if the refrigerant is inside a pipe within a room
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and the room is at 30 degrees Celsius
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or 86 degrees Fahrenheit then this will be more than enough to cause it to boil from a liquid into a vapor.
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By the way if you want some refrigerant charts you can download these for free from our website.
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I'll link to these in the video description down below.
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So the The refrigerant is entering the evaporator as a low pressure, low temperature liquid vapor mixture.
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It flows on the inside of the pipe
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and at the same time a fan is moving the ambient air of the room over the outside of the pipe.
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This causes the refrigerant to boil.
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It will absorb the heat from the air through the pipe wall and then it evaporates.
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As the refrigerant evaporates, it carries away the heat.
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It's similar to when we boiled water.
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The water heats up, it evaporates and turns into steam and carries this heat away.
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So the air on the outside is entering hot and it's leaving cold.
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The refrigerant continues to travel through the evaporator, picking up more heat which boils it further until it becomes slightly superheated.
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This basically means it's now completely gas and doesn't contain any droplets of liquid refrigerant.
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Liquid damages the compressor, so we want to ensure it can't reach the compressor.
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The compressor sucks in the refrigerant, which is leaving the evaporator as a low -pressure, low -temperature, slightly superheated vapour.
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It then squeezes this together into a much smaller space, and so the pressure increases.
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All the heat which was picked up in the evaporator is now contained in a much smaller volume, so the temperature will increase.
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This is very important and we will see why in just a moment.
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But if you've ever pumped up a bicycle tyre, you will notice the pump becomes hotter as it's compressing the air.
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The refrigerant is then pushed into the condenser where it enters as a high -pressure, high -temperature, superheated vapour.
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the condenser is located outside
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and the outside air might be very warm on a summer's
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day as heat always flows from hot to cold we need to ensure
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that the refrigerant is hotter than the outside air otherwise the
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unwanted heat will not be able to leave the refrigerant and leave our system
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a fan will help to blow ambient air over the condenser to remove this heat
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so the outside air is entering warm picking up heat
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and leaving hot as the heat is removed by the air
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this causes the refrigerant to condense back into a liquid it's a little bit like
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when steam hits the window on a cold day the window is cold
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so it condenses the steam from a vapor into a liquid
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and then this liquid starts to run down the window the
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refrigerant therefore exits as a high pressure medium temperature saturated liquid
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and this heads to the expansion valve the expansion valve needs
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to regulate the amount of refrigerant entering the evaporator to control the superheat
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if it allows too much refrigerant to flow it can flood the evaporator
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so the refrigerant doesn't evaporate a liquid reaches the compressor
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and possibly destroys it but
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if it lets in too little refrigerant the system won't provide enough cooling and
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so it operates inefficiently the expansion valve regulates the refrigerant by
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only allowing it to pass through a small hole this creates
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a large pressure difference across the valve one side is the high -pressure liquid the other side is almost empty
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The small hole causes it to almost spray into the evaporator as a part liquid, part vapor mixture.
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The refrigerant will expand to try and fill the empty space on the other side
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and this will cause it to drop in pressure as well as temperature.
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It's a little bit like spraying a deodorant can or a spray paint can.
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It flows through a small hole causing it to expand as a part vapor
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and part liquid mixture
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and then we can feel the can become cooler now the
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original method to control this was by using a fixed orifice device
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and you might still find these on the back of your
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refrigerators the hole within this device was a fixed size
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so the entire system would simply turn on
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and off to meet the cooling demand it does work
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but we can't maintain a stable temperature control
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because the system is simply turning on
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and off the next evolution was the thermostatic expansion valve this is still widely used today
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and it senses the superheat at the outlet through a bulb
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which is filled with another refrigerant this other refrigerant will expand to close the valve
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when the superheat is too high and it condenses to open the valve when the superheat is too low.
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This type of valve needs to be manually calculated and adjusted by a technician.
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It does work very well but it's prone to mistakes.
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It also takes a long time to calculate and set up
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and it is also only adjusted once per service visit which is not ideal.
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It will also not allow peak performance.
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However it does work very well and these will continue to be used for many years.
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And And so the latest evolution is to use electronic expansion valves.
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These use a controller to measure the exact temperature and pressure
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and adjust the valve position automatically in real time to ensure optimal performance and maximum system efficiency.
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Okay that's it for this video but to continue learning about HVAC
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and refrigeration engineering click on one of the videos on screen now and I'll catch you there for the next lesson.
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Don't forget to follow us on Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Instagram as well as theengineeringmindset .com
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación se basa en el vídeo “Air Conditioning System Basics hvacr how does it work”. Las palabras que más se repiten: refrigerant, liquid, valve, heat, evaporator. Este vídeo tiene 85 frases y 1097 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 7:15. El hablante habla a un ritmo natural de unas 151 palabras por minuto, cercano a una conversación cotidiana. Solo el 77 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
15 palabras del vídeo que vale la pena aprender, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| liquid sustantivo | /ˈlɪk.wɪd/ | líquido |
| valve sustantivo | /ˈvælv/ | válvula, llave |
| boil verbo | /bɔɪ(ə)l/ | hervir, herver |
| pipe sustantivo | /ˈpaɪp/ | caramillo, flauta f) |
| vapor sustantivo | /ˈveɪpɚ/ | vapor |
| expand verbo | /ɪkˈspænd/ | ampliar |
| mixture sustantivo | /ˈmɪkst͡ʃɚ/ | mezcla, mezcladura |
| spray sustantivo | /spɹeɪ/ | spray, aerosol |
| adjust verbo | /əˈd͡ʒʌst/ | ajustar, arreglar |
| regulate verbo | /ˈɹɛɡ.jə.leɪt/ | reglamentar |
| evolution sustantivo | /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/ | evolución |
| pump sustantivo | /pʌmp/ | bomba, pompa |
| calculate verbo | /ˈkælkjʊleɪt/ | calcular |
| stable sustantivo | /ˈsteɪ.bəl/ | establo, cuadra |
| chart sustantivo | /t͡ʃɑɹt/ | chart |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Significado |
|---|---|
| pick up verbo | coger, asir |
| pass through verbo | atravesar |
| run down verbo | atropellar |
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace | being cooled · was picked · is located |
| Oraciones de relativo who / which + oración — información extra sobre una persona o cosa | refrigerant, which is · heat which was · visit which is |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 9 contracciones y formas reducidas, como can't, doesn't, I'll. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si/, specially /ˈspɛʃəli/, technician /tɛkˈnɪʃən/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si/, manually /ˈmænj(u)əliː/, refrigerator /ɹɪˈfɹɪd͡ʒ.əˌɹeɪ.tɚ/, evaporator /ɪˈvæp.ə.ɹeɪt.ɚ/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- s + consonante al inicio — sin añadir una “e” delante: spray /spɹeɪ/, stable /ˈsteɪ.bəl/, sponsor /ˈspɒn.səː/, specially /ˈspɛʃəli/, squeeze /skwiːz/
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: valve /ˈvælv/, vapor /ˈveɪpɚ/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, evaporator /ɪˈvæp.ə.ɹeɪt.ɚ/, evaporate /ɪˈvæp.ə.ɹeɪt/
- /z/ — sonora, no /s/: exit /ˈɛɡzət/, squeeze /skwiːz/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Empieza a velocidad 0,75×, haz shadowing frase por frase y vuelve a la velocidad normal cuando te resulte fácil.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como liquid, valve, boil.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.