Shadowing Practice: TB - mycobacterium tuberculosis شرح عربي - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Tuberculosis Tuberculosis Tuberculosis When he put his own language He said that it was about social diseases with medical aspects
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How do you mean social diseases?
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He was running from between the society and he came to the people who were just The answer is yes, because this TV is in people who live in poor and poor and poor and poor and poor and poor
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and that's what they find I'm not, the people who live in a place where there's a very strong environment and a very strong environment.
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I'm sure they're in a bad situation.
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I mean, you want to say that the bacteria that they use TB, are they taking care of people who use TB?
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Yes, for sure.
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To the degree that they often live in the body like this, if the body is not able to do anything, if the body is not able to do any reason,
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like it's called AIDS, you will find that the bacteria that you use to do with manifestation.
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Now let's take the bacteria that you use TB Mycobacterium tuberculosis This is a big one,
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it's a lot of bacteria It's typical or a typical Typical is like Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterium bovis Mycobacterium libri
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These are acid fast and alcohol fast I'll say this later
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Mycobacterium librii is a disease called Leprosy
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This is
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a one of them who is mycobacterium tuberculosis
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they call it mycobacterium because the cell wall is made from mycolic acid this is a big deal
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this is a acid acid, lipids and this is what is the bacteria from the macrophages and antibiotics we will explain how it is too later well,
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they call it tuberculosis it means tubercle around nodule
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because it is called nodules on the lung and it is called caseus necrosis we will explain how it is
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Let's take the first one, the Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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The first thing is Non-encapsulated.
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It's not a capsule, because the cell wall is a lipid, which is called Mycolic Acid.
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It's the one who is the bacteria.
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The second is Obligate Eropes.
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It must be in oxygen.
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This is which is how to move on and you can go to the lung.
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This is also known to be non-mortile, non-spurring, curved, or facultative intercelular, and this is the way to stay, acid fast and alcohol fast.
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I will explain how to learn acid fast, but to be in the way to stay in the way, acid fast means to be resistant to the acid.
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When we put it on the acid to remove from it, it will be able to get the acid and get the acid.
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This is the Mycobacterium tuberculosis takes a long time to increase and increase.
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It takes a long time to 8 hours and takes a special acid.
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It takes a long time to 8 hours.
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It takes a long time to get the acid and it takes a special acid.
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Now we're going to talk about Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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It must be that one is going to be a long time to sit with him in a long time, so that the situation is very good.
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As we said, the disease is in the poor age, the children are 10, and they live in the same way.
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It's going to move on to the respiratory secretions from the nose or mouth.
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It's better than the lung, until it's reached the alveoli.
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To the extent of the fact, we have macrophage in our alveoli, so it's going to be phagocytosis.
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There's a lot like phagocytosis.
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In the macrophage, there's something called lysozome.
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This is the digestive enzymes.
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The problem is that it can be killed and it can be killed and it can be killed He said to you,
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look at the trick Do you think that it can be used in the cellulipid bacteria?
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Or it will make the bacteria rigid
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So the Azoum won't know if it can be killed or it can be killed and it can be killed Then,
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then TB can be used to be killed in the macrophage The macrophage won't be killed
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You must be able to use the interleukin 12 and tumor necrosis factor alpha
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These are the same as the microvege The microvege says they have a disease
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In case the T cells
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and natural killers will go to TB The T cells will break and break and break and break interleukin gamma
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and the situation will be very strong
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If the T cells and the N cells will break the microvege in the TB
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The brain will be able to get the microvegates
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which is inside the bacteria and will be able to get the bacteria in every cell
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a little bit will go to lung tissue a little bit will go to lymphatics
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and a little bit will go to blood
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The cells that are in lung with the alveolar macrovegates with the epithelioid cells
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and lung hands giant cells these are immune cells
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will be able to get central core of the caseating necrosis this will become cheesy like
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and will go to T cells and the macrovegates and
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necrosis And to make granuloma To prevent the micro bacteria from it And it can be more
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And you can get the bacteria if it's a good If it's a good thing It's encapsulated by fiber
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And then after bacteria It's going to get into a little bit A little bit of a treatment
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And wait for that The munaعة is going to take And the immunosuppressive therapy
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And then you can start Activation And then you can do manifestations
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and this is called latent tuberculosis
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The caseating granuloma that happens in the lung is called GANES FOCUS When TB comes to length nodes and does classification, it will call the two GANES COMPLEX
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Primary infection comes to lower and middle loops but reactive or latent means when it comes to reactivation,
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it comes to upper loop a lot If you entered bloodstream and did hematogenous spread,
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you will go to organs and call systemic milliary TB You can go to kidney and use sterile pyuria,
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white blood cells in the urine You can go to adrenal gland and use Addison disease
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You can go to liver and use hepatitis You can go to lumbar vertebrae and use blood disease
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You can go to cervical lymph nodes and use lymphadenitis in the neck
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You can go to meningitis of brain and use meningitis Come on, let's see the clinical picture how it works
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The incubation period of LTP is from 4 to 12 weeks
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So from the first time the bacteria is entering the lung until it appears the first legion on the lung
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It takes from 4 weeks to 12 weeks But to show symptoms on the brain, it can take from 6 to 12 weeks But this time it will be asymptomatic
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What are the symptoms that when you appear on the brain, it starts to shock NTP?
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When the brain is coming to a cough, but it's reproductive, it's more than a week
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and with fever and loss of weight and night sweating I start to shock TB
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I will do TST TB skin test I will call TB intradermal and say to the brain
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If you find the injection Hard red swelling I need to be sure I take from the brain
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I take the brain and the other day and the other day 1.
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A positive sputum to the microscope and with X-ray abnormalities.
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2. A positive sputum to the microscope and with culture positive.
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1. A positive macroscopic examination.
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2. A positive macroscopic examination.
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2. A positive macroscopic.
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Positive Microscopic Examination
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or one microscopic and radiologic abnormality
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or one microscopic and culture positive
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We'll take the spiutum and put it on slide
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and we'll put it on carbofoxin
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or what is called bilzine nilsenstein to make all the bacteria the bacteria in spiutum is red
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Then we'll put H2SO4 with 25% which is acid
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so that it will be a light bulb for the bacteria but you think TB is acid fast
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so that it will be used to be acid
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and it will be used to be and it will be a curved acid fast baseline
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there is a other one that also offers it as fluorochrome stain
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so that the micro bacterium tuberculosis is called zeal nilsen stain
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but for the cultures we have two
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one is dorset egg and egg saline media This is a big part to make the bacteria better
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There is another thing called Lovenstein Johnson Media
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This is something called Green which is inhibition to all bacteria and to bring the micro bacterium better
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Culture takes two to eight weeks to eight for micro bacterium tuberculosis as we said slowly growing In screening,
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we use PCR to prevent the DNA of the bacteria For treatment,
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we use a strategy called DOTS Direct Observation Therapy with Short Course Chemotherapy We use 4 adwords Isoniazide,
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Rethampine, Pyrazineamide, Ethambutol
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The dots are all over 6 weeks
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And they give a good result The only one is just that it is a little
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First line
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Second line drugs We use them if the tuberculosis is resistant to the adwords The first line
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Or the eye has a chance to have the adwords The vaccine
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The Thank
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you.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Este vídeo tiene 116 frases y 1555 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 10:18. El hablante habla a un ritmo natural de unas 151 palabras por minuto, cercano a una conversación cotidiana. Solo el 78 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
15 palabras del vídeo que vale la pena aprender, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| acid sustantivo | /ˈæsɪd/ | ácido |
| tuberculosis sustantivo | /tʃuːˌbɜː(ɹ)kjʊˈləʊsɪs/ | tuberculosis |
| lung sustantivo | /ˈlʌŋ/ | pulmón |
| microwave sustantivo | /ˈmaɪkɹoʊˌweɪv/ | microonda |
| examination sustantivo | /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ | examen, examinación |
| shock sustantivo | /ʃɔk/ | choque |
| loop sustantivo | /luːp/ | lazo, lazada |
| curve sustantivo | /kɚv/ | curva |
| resistant adjetivo | /ɹəˈzɪstənt/ | resistente |
| node sustantivo | /noʊd/ | nudo, ñudo |
| stain sustantivo | /steɪn/ | mancha, lamparón |
| symptom sustantivo | /ˈsɪm(p)təm/ | síntoma |
| microscope sustantivo | /ˈmaɪ.kɹəˌskoʊp/ | microscopio |
| trick sustantivo | /ˈtɹɪk/ | truco, artimaña |
| extent sustantivo | /ɪkˈstɛnt/ | extensión |
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace | is made · is called · is also known |
| Oraciones de relativo who / which + oración — información extra sobre una persona o cosa | people who were · people who live · people who use |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 10 contracciones y formas reducidas, como we'll, I'm, won't. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, shock /ʃɔk/, infection /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/, tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/, classification /ˌklæsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: tuberculosis /tʃuːˌbɜː(ɹ)kjʊˈləʊsɪs/, examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, classification /ˌklæsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/, respiratory /ɹɪˈspɪ.ɹət.ə.ɹi/, reproductive /ˌɹiːpɹəˈdʌktɪv/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Empieza a velocidad 0,75×, haz shadowing frase por frase y vuelve a la velocidad normal cuando te resulte fácil.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como acid, tuberculosis, lung.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.