Shadowing Practice: TB - mycobacterium tuberculosis شرح عربي - Learn English Speaking with Video

בחר מצב תרגול

כל מצב פותח חדר תרגול במסך מלא.

116 משפטים

אם המשפטים קצרים או ארוכים מדי, לחץ על ערוך כדי להתאים אותם.

Tuberculosis Tuberculosis Tuberculosis When he put his own language He said that it was about social diseases with medical aspects

How do you mean social diseases?

He was running from between the society and he came to the people who were just The answer is yes, because this TV is in people who live in poor and poor and poor and poor and poor and poor

and that's what they find I'm not, the people who live in a place where there's a very strong environment and a very strong environment.

I'm sure they're in a bad situation.

I mean, you want to say that the bacteria that they use TB, are they taking care of people who use TB?

Yes, for sure.

To the degree that they often live in the body like this, if the body is not able to do anything, if the body is not able to do any reason,

like it's called AIDS, you will find that the bacteria that you use to do with manifestation.

Now let's take the bacteria that you use TB Mycobacterium tuberculosis This is a big one,

it's a lot of bacteria It's typical or a typical Typical is like Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterium bovis Mycobacterium libri

These are acid fast and alcohol fast I'll say this later

Mycobacterium librii is a disease called Leprosy

This is

a one of them who is mycobacterium tuberculosis

they call it mycobacterium because the cell wall is made from mycolic acid this is a big deal

this is a acid acid, lipids and this is what is the bacteria from the macrophages and antibiotics we will explain how it is too later well,

they call it tuberculosis it means tubercle around nodule

because it is called nodules on the lung and it is called caseus necrosis we will explain how it is

Let's take the first one, the Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

The first thing is Non-encapsulated.

It's not a capsule, because the cell wall is a lipid, which is called Mycolic Acid.

It's the one who is the bacteria.

The second is Obligate Eropes.

It must be in oxygen.

This is which is how to move on and you can go to the lung.

This is also known to be non-mortile, non-spurring, curved, or facultative intercelular, and this is the way to stay, acid fast and alcohol fast.

I will explain how to learn acid fast, but to be in the way to stay in the way, acid fast means to be resistant to the acid.

When we put it on the acid to remove from it, it will be able to get the acid and get the acid.

This is the Mycobacterium tuberculosis takes a long time to increase and increase.

It takes a long time to 8 hours and takes a special acid.

It takes a long time to 8 hours.

It takes a long time to get the acid and it takes a special acid.

Now we're going to talk about Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

It must be that one is going to be a long time to sit with him in a long time, so that the situation is very good.

As we said, the disease is in the poor age, the children are 10, and they live in the same way.

It's going to move on to the respiratory secretions from the nose or mouth.

It's better than the lung, until it's reached the alveoli.

To the extent of the fact, we have macrophage in our alveoli, so it's going to be phagocytosis.

There's a lot like phagocytosis.

In the macrophage, there's something called lysozome.

This is the digestive enzymes.

The problem is that it can be killed and it can be killed and it can be killed He said to you,

look at the trick Do you think that it can be used in the cellulipid bacteria?

Or it will make the bacteria rigid

So the Azoum won't know if it can be killed or it can be killed and it can be killed Then,

then TB can be used to be killed in the macrophage The macrophage won't be killed

You must be able to use the interleukin 12 and tumor necrosis factor alpha

These are the same as the microvege The microvege says they have a disease

In case the T cells

and natural killers will go to TB The T cells will break and break and break and break interleukin gamma

and the situation will be very strong

If the T cells and the N cells will break the microvege in the TB

The brain will be able to get the microvegates

which is inside the bacteria and will be able to get the bacteria in every cell

a little bit will go to lung tissue a little bit will go to lymphatics

and a little bit will go to blood

The cells that are in lung with the alveolar macrovegates with the epithelioid cells

and lung hands giant cells these are immune cells

will be able to get central core of the caseating necrosis this will become cheesy like

and will go to T cells and the macrovegates and

necrosis And to make granuloma To prevent the micro bacteria from it And it can be more

And you can get the bacteria if it's a good If it's a good thing It's encapsulated by fiber

And then after bacteria It's going to get into a little bit A little bit of a treatment

And wait for that The munaعة is going to take And the immunosuppressive therapy

And then you can start Activation And then you can do manifestations

and this is called latent tuberculosis

The caseating granuloma that happens in the lung is called GANES FOCUS When TB comes to length nodes and does classification, it will call the two GANES COMPLEX

Primary infection comes to lower and middle loops but reactive or latent means when it comes to reactivation,

it comes to upper loop a lot If you entered bloodstream and did hematogenous spread,

you will go to organs and call systemic milliary TB You can go to kidney and use sterile pyuria,

white blood cells in the urine You can go to adrenal gland and use Addison disease

You can go to liver and use hepatitis You can go to lumbar vertebrae and use blood disease

You can go to cervical lymph nodes and use lymphadenitis in the neck

You can go to meningitis of brain and use meningitis Come on, let's see the clinical picture how it works

The incubation period of LTP is from 4 to 12 weeks

So from the first time the bacteria is entering the lung until it appears the first legion on the lung

It takes from 4 weeks to 12 weeks But to show symptoms on the brain, it can take from 6 to 12 weeks But this time it will be asymptomatic

What are the symptoms that when you appear on the brain, it starts to shock NTP?

When the brain is coming to a cough, but it's reproductive, it's more than a week

and with fever and loss of weight and night sweating I start to shock TB

I will do TST TB skin test I will call TB intradermal and say to the brain

If you find the injection Hard red swelling I need to be sure I take from the brain

I take the brain and the other day and the other day 1.

A positive sputum to the microscope and with X-ray abnormalities.

2. A positive sputum to the microscope and with culture positive.

1. A positive macroscopic examination.

2. A positive macroscopic examination.

2. A positive macroscopic.

Positive Microscopic Examination

or one microscopic and radiologic abnormality

or one microscopic and culture positive

We'll take the spiutum and put it on slide

and we'll put it on carbofoxin

or what is called bilzine nilsenstein to make all the bacteria the bacteria in spiutum is red

Then we'll put H2SO4 with 25% which is acid

so that it will be a light bulb for the bacteria but you think TB is acid fast

so that it will be used to be acid

and it will be used to be and it will be a curved acid fast baseline

100

there is a other one that also offers it as fluorochrome stain

101

so that the micro bacterium tuberculosis is called zeal nilsen stain

102

but for the cultures we have two

103

one is dorset egg and egg saline media This is a big part to make the bacteria better

104

There is another thing called Lovenstein Johnson Media

105

This is something called Green which is inhibition to all bacteria and to bring the micro bacterium better

106

Culture takes two to eight weeks to eight for micro bacterium tuberculosis as we said slowly growing In screening,

107

we use PCR to prevent the DNA of the bacteria For treatment,

108

we use a strategy called DOTS Direct Observation Therapy with Short Course Chemotherapy We use 4 adwords Isoniazide,

109

Rethampine, Pyrazineamide, Ethambutol

110

The dots are all over 6 weeks

111

And they give a good result The only one is just that it is a little

112

First line

113

Second line drugs We use them if the tuberculosis is resistant to the adwords The first line

114

Or the eye has a chance to have the adwords The vaccine

115

The Thank

116

you.

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אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה

שיעור הדיבור הזה ברמה C1 מבוסס על הסרטון “TB - mycobacterium tuberculosis شرح عربي”. המילים שחוזרות הכי הרבה: bacteria, acid, tuberculosis, cell, mycobacterium. בסרטון הזה יש 116 משפטים ו-1555 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 10:18. הדובר מדבר בקצב טבעי של כ-151 מילים בדקה, קרוב לשיחה יומיומית. רק 78% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית, כך שאוצר המילים מאתגר.

אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה

15 המילים המתקדמות ביותר בסרטון, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:

מילה	הגייה	משמעות
bacterium שם עצם	/bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəm/	חַיְדַּק \ חידק
tuberculosis שם עצם	/tʃuːˌbɜː(ɹ)kjʊˈləʊsɪs/	שחפת
necrosis שם עצם	/nɛˈkɹoʊ.sɪs/	נֶקרוֹזָה
microwave שם עצם	/ˈmaɪkɹoʊˌweɪv/	מִיקְרוֹגַל
alveolus שם עצם	/ælˈvi.əl.əs/	נֹאדִית
latent שם תואר	/ˈleɪ.tənt/	חבוי, רדום
microscope שם עצם	/ˈmaɪ.kɹəˌskoʊp/	מִיקְרוֹסְקוֹפִּ
symptom שם עצם	/ˈsɪm(p)təm/	תַּסְמִין, סִימְפּטוֹם
asymptomatic שם תואר	/ˌeɪˌsɪm(p)təˈmætɪk/	אסימפטומטי
bloodstream שם עצם	/ˈblʌd.stɹɪim/	זרם הדם
sterile שם תואר	/ˈstɛɹəl/	עקר, עָקָר
vertebra שם עצם	/ˈvɝ.təb.ɹə/	חֻלְיָה
antibiotic שם עצם	/ˌæn.taɪ.baɪˈɑ.tɪk/	אַנְטִיבְּיוֹטִיקָה
swell פועל	/swɛl/	תפח, התנפח
spur שם עצם	/spɝ/	דורבן, דָּרְבָּן

דקדוק בסרטון הזה

המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:

מבנה	בסרטון
סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה	is made · is called · is also known
משפטי זיקה (Relative clauses) who / which + clause — מידע נוסף על אדם או דבר	people who were · people who live · people who use

הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה

הדובר משתמש ב-10 קיצורים וצורות מקוצרות, כמו we'll, I'm, won't. אמרו אותם בצורה הקצרה, כפי שאתם שומעים אותם.

הצלילים של “sh” ו-“zh”: manifestation /ˌmænɪfɛˈsteɪʃən/, incubation /ɪnkjuːˈbeɪʃən/, inhibition /ɪnhɪˈbɪʃən/, secretion /sɪˈkriːʃ(ə)n/, injection /ɪnˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/
מילים ארוכות — שימו לב להטעמה: tuberculosis /tʃuːˌbɜː(ɹ)kjʊˈləʊsɪs/, macroscopic /ˌmæ.kɹəˈskɒ.pɪk/, microscopic /ˌmaɪ.kɹəˈskɑ.pɪk/, abnormality /ˌæbˌnɔɹˈmæl.ət.i/, alveolus /ælˈvi.əl.əs/

צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:

/w/ — שפתיים מעוגלות, לא /v/: microwave /ˈmaɪkɹoʊˌweɪv/, swell /swɛl/
/æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: bacterium /bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəm/, macrophage /ˈmækɹɔʊː.feɪd͡ʒ/, macroscopic /ˌmæ.kɹəˈskɒ.pɪk/, abnormality /ˌæbˌnɔɹˈmæl.ət.i/, alveolus /ælˈvi.əl.əs/
/r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: bacterium /bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəm/, tuberculosis /tʃuːˌbɜː(ɹ)kjʊˈləʊsɪs/, macrophage /ˈmækɹɔʊː.feɪd͡ʒ/, necrosis /nɛˈkɹoʊ.sɪs/, microwave /ˈmaɪkɹoʊˌweɪv/

איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה

הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
התחילו במהירות 0.75×, תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט, וחזרו למהירות רגילה כשזה מרגיש קל.
הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו bacterium, tuberculosis, necrosis.

מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?

שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.

טכניקת Shadowing: קרא את המדריך המלא שלב אחר שלב →

Shadowing Practice: TB - mycobacterium tuberculosis شرح عربي - Learn English Speaking with Video

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