Shadowing Practice: TB - mycobacterium tuberculosis شرح عربي - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Tuberculosis Tuberculosis Tuberculosis When he put his own language He said that it was about social diseases with medical aspects
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How do you mean social diseases?
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He was running from between the society and he came to the people who were just The answer is yes, because this TV is in people who live in poor and poor and poor and poor and poor and poor
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and that's what they find I'm not, the people who live in a place where there's a very strong environment and a very strong environment.
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I'm sure they're in a bad situation.
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I mean, you want to say that the bacteria that they use TB, are they taking care of people who use TB?
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Yes, for sure.
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To the degree that they often live in the body like this, if the body is not able to do anything, if the body is not able to do any reason,
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like it's called AIDS, you will find that the bacteria that you use to do with manifestation.
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Now let's take the bacteria that you use TB Mycobacterium tuberculosis This is a big one,
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it's a lot of bacteria It's typical or a typical Typical is like Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterium bovis Mycobacterium libri
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These are acid fast and alcohol fast I'll say this later
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Mycobacterium librii is a disease called Leprosy
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This is
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a one of them who is mycobacterium tuberculosis
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they call it mycobacterium because the cell wall is made from mycolic acid this is a big deal
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this is a acid acid, lipids and this is what is the bacteria from the macrophages and antibiotics we will explain how it is too later well,
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they call it tuberculosis it means tubercle around nodule
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because it is called nodules on the lung and it is called caseus necrosis we will explain how it is
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Let's take the first one, the Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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The first thing is Non-encapsulated.
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It's not a capsule, because the cell wall is a lipid, which is called Mycolic Acid.
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It's the one who is the bacteria.
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The second is Obligate Eropes.
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It must be in oxygen.
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This is which is how to move on and you can go to the lung.
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This is also known to be non-mortile, non-spurring, curved, or facultative intercelular, and this is the way to stay, acid fast and alcohol fast.
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I will explain how to learn acid fast, but to be in the way to stay in the way, acid fast means to be resistant to the acid.
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When we put it on the acid to remove from it, it will be able to get the acid and get the acid.
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This is the Mycobacterium tuberculosis takes a long time to increase and increase.
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It takes a long time to 8 hours and takes a special acid.
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It takes a long time to 8 hours.
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It takes a long time to get the acid and it takes a special acid.
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Now we're going to talk about Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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It must be that one is going to be a long time to sit with him in a long time, so that the situation is very good.
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As we said, the disease is in the poor age, the children are 10, and they live in the same way.
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It's going to move on to the respiratory secretions from the nose or mouth.
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It's better than the lung, until it's reached the alveoli.
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To the extent of the fact, we have macrophage in our alveoli, so it's going to be phagocytosis.
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There's a lot like phagocytosis.
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In the macrophage, there's something called lysozome.
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This is the digestive enzymes.
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The problem is that it can be killed and it can be killed and it can be killed He said to you,
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look at the trick Do you think that it can be used in the cellulipid bacteria?
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Or it will make the bacteria rigid
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So the Azoum won't know if it can be killed or it can be killed and it can be killed Then,
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then TB can be used to be killed in the macrophage The macrophage won't be killed
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You must be able to use the interleukin 12 and tumor necrosis factor alpha
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These are the same as the microvege The microvege says they have a disease
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In case the T cells
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and natural killers will go to TB The T cells will break and break and break and break interleukin gamma
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and the situation will be very strong
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If the T cells and the N cells will break the microvege in the TB
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The brain will be able to get the microvegates
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which is inside the bacteria and will be able to get the bacteria in every cell
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a little bit will go to lung tissue a little bit will go to lymphatics
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and a little bit will go to blood
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The cells that are in lung with the alveolar macrovegates with the epithelioid cells
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and lung hands giant cells these are immune cells
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will be able to get central core of the caseating necrosis this will become cheesy like
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and will go to T cells and the macrovegates and
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necrosis And to make granuloma To prevent the micro bacteria from it And it can be more
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And you can get the bacteria if it's a good If it's a good thing It's encapsulated by fiber
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And then after bacteria It's going to get into a little bit A little bit of a treatment
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And wait for that The munaعة is going to take And the immunosuppressive therapy
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And then you can start Activation And then you can do manifestations
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and this is called latent tuberculosis
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The caseating granuloma that happens in the lung is called GANES FOCUS When TB comes to length nodes and does classification, it will call the two GANES COMPLEX
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Primary infection comes to lower and middle loops but reactive or latent means when it comes to reactivation,
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it comes to upper loop a lot If you entered bloodstream and did hematogenous spread,
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you will go to organs and call systemic milliary TB You can go to kidney and use sterile pyuria,
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white blood cells in the urine You can go to adrenal gland and use Addison disease
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You can go to liver and use hepatitis You can go to lumbar vertebrae and use blood disease
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You can go to cervical lymph nodes and use lymphadenitis in the neck
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You can go to meningitis of brain and use meningitis Come on, let's see the clinical picture how it works
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The incubation period of LTP is from 4 to 12 weeks
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So from the first time the bacteria is entering the lung until it appears the first legion on the lung
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It takes from 4 weeks to 12 weeks But to show symptoms on the brain, it can take from 6 to 12 weeks But this time it will be asymptomatic
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What are the symptoms that when you appear on the brain, it starts to shock NTP?
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When the brain is coming to a cough, but it's reproductive, it's more than a week
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and with fever and loss of weight and night sweating I start to shock TB
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I will do TST TB skin test I will call TB intradermal and say to the brain
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If you find the injection Hard red swelling I need to be sure I take from the brain
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I take the brain and the other day and the other day 1.
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A positive sputum to the microscope and with X-ray abnormalities.
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2. A positive sputum to the microscope and with culture positive.
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1. A positive macroscopic examination.
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2. A positive macroscopic examination.
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2. A positive macroscopic.
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Positive Microscopic Examination
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or one microscopic and radiologic abnormality
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or one microscopic and culture positive
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We'll take the spiutum and put it on slide
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and we'll put it on carbofoxin
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or what is called bilzine nilsenstein to make all the bacteria the bacteria in spiutum is red
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Then we'll put H2SO4 with 25% which is acid
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so that it will be a light bulb for the bacteria but you think TB is acid fast
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so that it will be used to be acid
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and it will be used to be and it will be a curved acid fast baseline
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there is a other one that also offers it as fluorochrome stain
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so that the micro bacterium tuberculosis is called zeal nilsen stain
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but for the cultures we have two
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one is dorset egg and egg saline media This is a big part to make the bacteria better
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There is another thing called Lovenstein Johnson Media
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This is something called Green which is inhibition to all bacteria and to bring the micro bacterium better
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Culture takes two to eight weeks to eight for micro bacterium tuberculosis as we said slowly growing In screening,
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we use PCR to prevent the DNA of the bacteria For treatment,
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we use a strategy called DOTS Direct Observation Therapy with Short Course Chemotherapy We use 4 adwords Isoniazide,
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Rethampine, Pyrazineamide, Ethambutol
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The dots are all over 6 weeks
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And they give a good result The only one is just that it is a little
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First line
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Second line drugs We use them if the tuberculosis is resistant to the adwords The first line
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Or the eye has a chance to have the adwords The vaccine
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The Thank
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you.
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What You'll Practice in This Lesson
Explore how to discuss medical topics in English while improving your listening and speaking skills. This video dives into tuberculosis, covering bacteria, symptoms, and transmission—giving you real-world language practice. You’ll learn to follow complex explanations, pick up technical terms, and mimic natural speech patterns, all while building confidence in discussing health-related content.
Key Vocabulary & Phrases
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis: The bacteria that causes tuberculosis.
- Acid-fast: A term describing bacteria resistant to acid-based stains (e.g., "Mycobacterium tuberculosis is acid-fast").
- Obligate aerobe: An organism that requires oxygen to survive (e.g., "TB is an obligate aerobe, so it thrives in the lungs").
- Caseous necrosis: A type of tissue death associated with TB nodules in the lungs.
- Phagocytosis: The process where cells (like macrophages) engulf and destroy foreign particles.
Practice Tips for Shadowing
The video’s tone is conversational but detailed, making it perfect for practicing the shadowing technique. Start by watching short clips (10–15 seconds) and repeating them immediately. Focus on matching the speaker’s pace—notice how they pause after technical terms to emphasize key points. Use a shadowing app to record yourself and compare it to the original; this helps refine your pronunciation of tricky words like "Mycobacterium" and "necrosis."
For "shadow speak" practice, mimic the speaker’s intonation when explaining complex ideas. For example, when they say, "It takes a long time to increase—8 hours," stress the pause and the number to convey importance. Since the video uses medical vocabulary, break down multisyllabic words into parts (e.g., "my-co-bac-TEE-ri-um") to improve clarity. Learning English with YouTube videos like this lets you practice real-world language, and consistent shadowing will make technical terms feel more natural in your speech.
Remember: The goal is to follow the flow of the explanation while sounding natural. Don’t rush—focus on accuracy first, then speed. Over time, you’ll notice your pronunciation and ability to process complex English sentences improve dramatically.
What is the Shadowing Technique?
Shadowing is a science-backed language learning technique originally developed for professional interpreter training and popularized by polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. The method is simple but powerful: you listen to native English audio and immediately repeat it out loud — like a shadow following the speaker with just a 1–2 second delay. Unlike passive listening or grammar drills, shadowing forces your brain and mouth muscles to simultaneously process and reproduce real speech patterns. Research shows it significantly improves pronunciation accuracy, intonation, rhythm, connected speech, listening comprehension, and speaking fluency — making it one of the most effective methods for IELTS Speaking preparation and real-world English communication.