Shadowing Practice: The Gaming Market is Starting to Break. - Learn English Speaking with Video
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This is a PlayStation 5.
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It came out in 2020 at $399, and now, even though it's six years old, it costs $599.
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Nintendo's announced a price hike to their Switch, too.
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The Xbox has raised its price three times since 2025, and the scariest part is not even the extra money, it's what's happening around it.
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Because at the same time, PlayStation announced it's going to stop shipping physical game discs entirely.
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Xbox has axed five of its big game production studios
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and fired thousands of people in what's being called one of the biggest single layoffs in gaming history,
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all while Nvidia has started capping how many hours a month you're allowed to play when using their services.
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The craziest part?
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Everything I've just mentioned is linked.
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This is actually all part of a single chain reaction that's already started in the gaming industry.
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And I don't see where it stops.
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To understand what I mean, if we were to take apart this PlayStation 5, inside you would find 16 gigabytes of RAM,
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or memory, which it needs to be able to run games.
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A single AI chip from Nvidia, the Blackwell Ultra, requires 288 gigabytes of memory.
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18 PlayStation 5s worth of RAM.
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Now it is a fancier type of memory than what's in your PlayStation, but it's made on the same production lines by the same companies.
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So every gigabyte that goes into this is a gigabyte that can't be made for a PS5.
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And the problem is when AI companies buy chips for their data centers, they don't just buy one.
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Chips are sold in racks, each containing 72 of those AI chips.
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So one rack equals 1300 PlayStation 5s.
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Oh dear.
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And they don't just buy one rack.
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Racks are purchased in clusters.
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Last year, Microsoft switched on their first big cluster to help power the growing needs from OpenAI's ChatGBT models.
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That cluster was 64 racks in one go.
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83,000 PlayStation 5s.
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And here's where it gets truly terrifying.
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Even that was barely a test run compared to the scale on which these new servers are being set up now, just a year later.
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OpenAI is currently building out the Stargate campus that will reportedly hold 100 times the number of racks as that first purchase.
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8.3 million PlayStation 5's worth of memory in one company's one site.
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That's almost enough PlayStations for every single household in the entire continent of Australia.
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And so when you factor in that there are also other AI companies, Meta and their even larger Prometheus site, XAI's Colossus, supposedly the world's most powerful data center,
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Amazon, Google, and every other big tech company who's galloping headfirst into the AI wars,
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we have reached a point where AI data centers are now estimated to be swallowing up 70% of the world's memory output.
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70% is going into building services that we'd barely heard of five years ago.
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And that has left everything else on the planet that needs memory, every phone, every PC, every car,
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every console, having to now fight over the small and rapidly shrinking pool that's left.
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Why don't they just make some more memory, you ask?
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Well, I don't think they want to.
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See, the entire world's memory supply comes from, largely, five companies.
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And if we're talking about the specific type of memory used to make RAM, that's only three companies.
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Samsung, SK Hynix, and Micron.
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And these three companies could choose to invest tens of billions into new factories to be able to produce more, but that would take three to four years to build.
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And if there were to be an AI crash in that time, they'd have spent it all for nothing.
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And so why take the risk when they're currently raking in cash?
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These companies are currently lapping up 70-80% margins on their memory compared to the historical norm of 30-40%
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because of one simple fact that their new favourite customers, big tech companies will pay absolutely anything for it.
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We are in a very unique situation where basically for the first time since the dot com bubble, some of the richest companies on the planet like Microsoft,
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Amazon, Google are not even behaving like businesses.
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They're spending more money than they're even making from AI
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because the fear of losing the AI race has actually become bigger than the fear of debt.
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This is a very precarious situation for the world to be in.
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And it puts these memory companies in such a powerful position
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that it feels like they've just decided to forget entirely about the consumer, with Micron actually quietly shutting down its consumer memory brand,
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crucial, to focus on these data center business customers.
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Now new factories are coming.
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Elon Musk and Intel are building a giant AI complex in Texas, for example, that will also make some memory.
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But none of it produces anything meaningful before 2028.
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Plus, almost all of that new capacity is being built for, you guessed it, the AI customers anyway.
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Because, well, you already know now.
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So how much more expensive has this memory really become?
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Well, to give you an idea, within just three months at the end of last year, the price of a single 16GB stick of RAM rose almost 300%.
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According to Tom's Hardware's RAM Price Index.
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Asha Sharma, CEO of Xbox, has said, The price we paid for console storage components was over two times as high as we paid last fall.
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These costs have since doubled again.
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And as we plan for the 2027 holiday season, we expect another significant increase.
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Taking us over five times the prices we paid only two years earlier.
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Five times!
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Memory is getting so expensive that, according to a report from TrendForce, on some high-end graphics cards, the memory that's on the card,
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known as the VRAM, now accounts for up to 80% of the total cost.
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Let that sink in.
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The actual clever bit of the graphics card that you should be paying for, the GPU chip that companies like NVIDIA spend billions designing,
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is on some cards now costing less than the basic memory that's soldered around it.
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Here's where it starts to get problematic.
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The implications from these higher prices are bigger than they first seem, because when the prices go up, of course fewer consumers buy.
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Like if we take PlayStation in May 2026, just after the price hike.
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Americans bought fewer PlayStations than they had in any May since the year 2000.
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That's before the PlayStation 2 had even come to America.
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Xbox had the worst May in its entire history.
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And it's much bigger than just PlayStation and Xbox.
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Any company that makes any type of computing hardware.
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I was speaking to the director of one of the big Windows handheld companies.
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The companies that make this kind of stuff.
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And his words were, man, Windows gaming handhelds and computers are dead now.
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No company will launch new products if the memory prices continue to rise.
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It is crazy now.
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How bad do things need to be for a director of a currently operating business to call their own business dead?
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Even like Valve, typically the strongman of value gaming, just launched their Steam machine,
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a box that's barely as powerful as the six-year-old PS5, for $1,049.
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It's not going to be the next Steam Deck, put it that way.
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So all of a sudden, the home console, the bastion that for 30 years has been the affordable way to game, the thing your mum could buy you at Christmas,
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is quietly drifting away from a staple to a luxury purchase.
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Now gamers aren't going to stop playing games, right?
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But are they going to have to start changing where they play them?
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Very possibly.
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And that's where things get concerning.
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If the If the PlayStation 6, for example, launches at two and a half times the base price that the PS5 did, $1,000, which sounds like an outrageous prediction,
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but is actually what the current latest rumors are suggesting, then it's not a crazy thought that far fewer people are going to buy a PS6.
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And you might think, okay, I mean, that's fine, I'll just wait, I'll buy it pre-owned.
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But it's not about just us, the individual.
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See the entire console gaming industry relies on momentum.
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These companies have to sell tens of millions of these consoles right out the gate to prove to developers
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that their new platform is worth developing for.
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It means that a new console is basically either all or nothing.
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You either sell tons of boxes, have developers flooding to your platform to make games for those users, and then even more users buying your console because of those games.
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The Nintendo Wii is a great example of forward momentum like this, with the console eventually hitting 101 million sales.
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Or you bottle it at the start.
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You don't manage to get that initial launch trajectory, game devs don't want to take the risk, and then pretty much nothing you do is going to save your platform.
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Like the Wii U, which came just after the Wii, and in its entire lifetime has only hit 13.5 million.
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So my question is, how on earth are Sony
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or Xbox going to build any kind of momentum with their next-gen consoles if they're priced at $1000?
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If the PS6 launches and only 5 to 8 million people buy one in the first year, whereas 80 million people are currently on PS5s.
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Which platform are developers going to prioritize their games for?
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Obviously the old one.
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Sure, they'll make a version that runs at a higher resolution for the latest hardware, but any sensible developer who's going to have to spend maybe
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half a decade pouring everything into their next game is going to do everything to make sure
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that it's PS5 users who are getting an optimal experience.
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Because that's where the money is.
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So now there is even less reason to upgrade.
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And the spiral descends.
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Because here's the thing, Sony more so than Xbox is a little bit protected in the short term.
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If no one buys a PS6 then they do still have this giant PS5 install base to sell subscriptions and games to.
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But the install base of a console is like a melting ice cube.
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Consoles break, they get sold, they get retired, and players do slowly lose attachment and stop buying games for it across its lifetime.
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They drift over to PC, phones, or just out of the hobby.
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the thing that replenishes this pool of active users is the next-gen console.
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So if the PS6 ends up too expensive to do that, then the paying population for companies like Sony is going to shrink every year with nothing refilling it.
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So if these companies want to continue to maintain their profits,
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they have to claw back money from other places.
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And as far as I can see, there are four ways that they could do this.
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The first lever they can pull is subscriptions.
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I think these companies will raise the price of subscriptions
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and will make it feel more essential to pay a monthly fee to get the experience.
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I mean, Xbox tried an enormous price increase at the end of last year to its Game Pass, then realised they went a little too far and pulled it back a bit, but it's still more expensive than it was.
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And Nintendo's already started jacking up online costs two months ago in Japan, so who knows how long till that becomes global.
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Lever 2 is game prices.
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And we've already been seeing a lot of this before the memory crisis.
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Like $60 was the default price for a game for 15 years.
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Then it jumped to $70 in 2020, only to now start another jump to $80, just five years after.
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If things carry on like this, we might be seeing the $100 video game sooner than we'd like to.
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The third lever is control.
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This is what we've just seen happen with Sony, announcing that from 2028 onwards, they're going to seize distribution of physical discs.
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And this might seem completely unrelated to what's happening here.
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But the key thing
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that this move achieves for Sony is rerouting a lot of the money in the gaming market
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that wasn't previously going to them, back to them.
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Because it means that you can't sell your games anymore.
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When games are digital, they are tied to your account.
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Effectively shutting down the entire secondhand market.
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It means that if your friend wants to play the same game you're playing, you can't just lend it to them.
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They can't just pop over to eBay and grab it for $20.
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They have to make an entirely new, maybe $80, maybe $100 purchase, direct to Sony.
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And if that doesn't already sound like a problem, look at this.
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On my PlayStation right now, if I want to buy, say, Immortals of Avian, a game that, safe to say, flopped pretty hard, Sony is currently selling that for £69.99.
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That exact same game, I can pop onto my phone, go onto CEX and order the physical edition for £5.
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It is crazy to think that this second option could just disappear.
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And crazier still, that this is how Sony prices games while these other options still exist.
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What are they going to do when there's no other option?
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To clarify, when Sony acts as the discs, you will still be able to buy their games at other retailers,
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but you'll be buying a download code that still has to go through the PlayStation store to get you the games.
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I don't know what I expected.
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So Sony will control the price more so than they ever have been able to with discs.
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I wouldn't go as far as to say that Sony axed the disc because of AI.
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But I do think that Sony axing discs is a sign of a squeezed, desperate industry, and that squeeze is largely brought on by this AI boom.
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And even if these discs don't officially die till 2028, it feels like the beginning of the end is now, with GTA 6, maybe the biggest game launch in history.
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But the only physical thing about the physical edition is a download code, at which point they might as well just be digital only.
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And Nintendo too.
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Because their game cartridges rely on the same type of flash memory that's rocketing up in price, publishers on Switch 2 are increasingly shipping data-less game key cards, like Elden Ring.
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It's a cartridge in a box that doesn't actually have the game on the cartridge, just a key that downloads it.
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So when you put it in, you're the one who has to download it, and you're the one using up your internal storage instead of theirs.
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And the fourth lever that these companies can use to recoup their costs.
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The darkest one I'm getting to.
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But for the time being, can you see how it's already getting more expensive and just worse to be a console gamer?
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This is even leading to some insiders claiming that while Sony originally planned to launch PS6 in 2027, that it has now been delayed to 2028 or later.
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And whichever way this turns out, there is absolutely no doubt that we're about to see slower progress in games becoming next generation.
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And there's even a supposedly claiming
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that the next-gen consoles will ship with less RAM than originally planned and a lower speed bandwidth, as if there weren't already enough reasons to be concerned about them.
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I was originally wondering, one upside of AI is that maybe you don't need that new hardware.
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We've already seen with NVIDIA's DLSS 5 tech that AI has the ability to massively upscale the resolution of games,
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make them run smoother, and even improve the lighting in real time.
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But alas, most of this tech can only run on new compatible AI hardware, which the current gen consoles are just not.
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Unfortunately, it's not just gaming companies and gaming consumers who are losing out in this spiral.
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Because the final lever that brands like Sony and Xbox are going to have to pull is cost cutting.
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Like I mentioned, Xbox has actually divested five big game studios, including the people behind massively popular titles like Hellblade and Psychonauts,
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and in the process also axed around 3,200 jobs.
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This is one company's one set of layoffs.
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And still it means 3,200 potentially talented level designers,
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graphic designers, voiceover artists who were previously working on the next generation of games, who there's a very good chance are just not anymore.
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Key word, talented.
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Reportedly the layoffs even include around half of the team at id Software, the studio that basically invented the first-person shooter with Doom,
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Quake, Wolfenstein, and more.
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Now, imagine if on top of everything else, the higher prices, the dirtier tactics, the reduced focus on next generation,
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that we also start getting fewer big-budget games too, because there's fewer people to make them.
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From an industry trade analysis in May 2026, a higher hardware entry price changes the shape of the next install-based cohort
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and feeds directly into the lifetime value assumptions that justify a green light decision at the publisher level.
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Or in English, publishers decide whether to make a game based on projections of
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how many consoles are going to exist in the future to sell it to.
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This memory price surge has reduced the future projected install base,
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which means that games are being killed at the pitch stage right now because of RAM prices.
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And we're not even ever going to know which ones.
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And I think there's a very good chance
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that this also affects the innovation in games Because doing new things is a risk.
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When projected install bases shrink, it means that the threshold for something to become greenlit is going to become tighter.
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So the games that make it through that are increasingly going to be those easy, safe wins.
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Games like the new Assassin's Creed Black Flag Resynced, a beloved 13-year-old game that's been rebuilt cheaply, targeted at hardware people already own,
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and absolutely filled to the brim with in-game monetization.
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Or for another example, Jason Schreier recently reported that Obsidian, one of the other top game devs, they're ending work on a new,
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unannounced RPG game to work on the next iteration of Fallout, the safe, known entity.
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These are dark times for video games.
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I mean, EA is even going all out right now on trying to create a new standard for how in-game advertising works.
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And they're not scaling them back.
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They're actually building a platform that would let advertisers in almost real time buy ads
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that will then appear onto billboards and objects that you will see while trying to play your games.
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Now, you would hope that there will be limitations on what can be advertised where, but I am horrified by the idea of dropping the big bucks on Ghosts of Yotei,
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being knee-deep in feudal Japan, katana drawn, cherry blossoms falling, only to turn around and see a giant sign for car insurance discounts.
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And even if it doesn't go that far, think about it.
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As soon as there becomes a monetary incentive to show gamers adverts, how could that not start to change how game worlds are designed, and even what types of games are made,
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and how permanently online they need to be connected.
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Now, a lot of the issues that we've talked about, game publishers getting greedier, the layoffs has been happening already in the background for years.
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I mean, especially after COVID, when companies realized that they couldn't sustain the revenues that they had
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when all we were allowed to do was basically play video games.
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So they've been finding all sorts of ways to recoup those costs, both in-game and also by culling employees.
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You're fired!
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The point being, the fire was already lit, but the AI crisis stacked on top of this already strained
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industry is like the fire brigade showing up with cans of petrol.
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The problems are now accelerating so fast that, yes, there's still a possibility that the memory crisis suddenly starts to ease.
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I hope it does.
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It is possible that this AI bubble that some people are calling it does just pop entirely.
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But the worrying thing is, if they don't, how much more can console
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and game prices keep going up
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and demand keep going down before this entire business model for a games console as we know it becomes unviable.
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I don't think very long at all.
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If the AI industry carries on doing what it's doing then there's one of three things I could see happening
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and I don't think any of them are good news.
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One, cloud gaming like Nvidia's GeForce Now becoming a more popular alternative
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so that Nvidia can rent us the graphics card we can no longer afford to buy
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and own and we can stream games from their servers for a monthly fee forever.
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And this isn't conjecture, the service is growing, racking up 30 million registered users,
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with industry analysis actually citing the hardware scarcity from this memory crisis as one of the big three drivers of that.
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30 million is a huge amount of people.
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Not an entirely fair comparison, but that's basically the same number of people that have bought the current gen Xbox Series S and X combined.
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And what makes this so depressing that it's almost funny, Nvidia just this January has enforced a 100 hour a month playtime cap on paid GeForce Now accounts.
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Obviously that's not going to affect every user, but it paints quite the picture of what the world could look like when you don't own your hardware.
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The second thing I could see happening is older classic games becoming not just something
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that you revisit because you fancy a bit of nostalgia, but something that you settle for because it's a whole lot more affordable.
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We've already started to see this on PC, where the majority of all PC playtime now goes towards games that are over 6 years old.
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And a recent survey from Tom's Hardware, a publication that's only really going to be read by PC enthusiasts,
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finding that 60% of their readers won't be upgrading any hardware for at least the next two years.
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And then the third situation is mobile gaming becoming more of a default.
251
See, all tech is getting more expensive, right?
252
PCs, consoles, and that includes smartphones too.
253
But people are still going to buy a smartphone, because it's considered much more of an essential than a game's console.
254
So if the user base of the smartphone remains steady, and if anything continues to rise, while the pool of people who can keep up with the increasing costs
255
and difficulties of being a console or PC gamer falls, of course I could see a situation where developers are much more incentivised to put their eggs into the mobile basket.
256
Am I happy about that?
257
Hell no!
258
Console games are held to a certain standard that mobile games just aren't.
259
And it's not like you can just make console games and then put them on mobile.
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This has been tested time and time again.
261
Resident Evil 4, Death Stranding, Assassin's Creed Mirage, and commercially, they largely flocked.
262
They cost near console money and barely anyone bought them.
263
Because mobile gaming rewards free-to-play, battle passes, and in-game currencies and adverts.
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So the future that I'm worried about is not your favorite console game but smaller on a phone.
265
It's this entire industry where the only economically sane thing for a game dev to do is to build endlessly monetized, free-to-play machines.
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Games that are not designed around spectacle and hardware-pushing experiences because no one has the hardware.
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And instead are all about just reusing safe IPs that have worked before, remaster after remaster, made by fewer and fewer people.
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And it's about what we lose on the way.
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From the games that you can no longer borrow from your friends to the graphics cards
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that you might have to borrow from your not-friends the industry
271
will find a way to claw its money back from the one group of people who can't pass that cost on.
272
That's us.
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I'm a console gamer at heart, but I've actually noticed myself becoming more of a mobile gamer these last few months.
274
I'm currently playing a ton of Pokemon Champions on my phone instead of the Switch.
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And even my second favorite franchise, Monster Hunter, their next game is mobile only.
276
And it's just created yet another reason why Surfshark VPN, our sponsor, has a permanent place in my control center.
277
Because the moment that your gaming moves to your phone, your gaming moves to the internet full time.
278
You're playing on cafe wifi, hotel wifi, airport wifi.
279
And every one of those networks is a vulnerability.
280
So the fact that I can just single tap here and know that every account login, every payment detail is all encrypted before it leaves my phone is a massive peace of mind.
281
Especially since the rise of AI is actually making it much easier for scammers to use that info to convincingly deceive you.
282
And unlike the immense price creep that we've seen across the entire gaming industry, Surfshark's price is still as low as it gets.
283
With the code BOSS, it's $2 a month for an unlimited number of users.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación de nivel B2 se basa en el vídeo “The Gaming Market is Starting to Break”. Las palabras que más se repiten: console, price, memory, companies. Este vídeo tiene 283 frases y 4250 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 22:40. El hablante habla rápido, unas 188 palabras por minuto, así que espera sonidos enlazados y reducidos. El 82 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés; conviene repasar el resto antes de empezar.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| rack sustantivo | /ɹæk/ | estante, estantería |
| lever sustantivo | /ˈliː.və/ | palanca |
| install verbo | /ɪnˈstɔl/ | instalar |
| developer sustantivo | /dɪˈvɛləpɚ/ | desarrollador |
| gigabyte sustantivo | /ˈɡɪɡəbaɪt/ | gigabyte |
| layoff sustantivo | despido, recorte de personal | |
| publisher sustantivo | /ˈpʌblɪʃɚ/ | editor, editorial |
| axe sustantivo | /æks/ | hacha, facha |
| subscription sustantivo | /səbˈskɹɪpʃən/ | abono, suscripción |
| momentum sustantivo | /ˌmə(ʊ)ˈmɛntəm/ | moméntum, viada |
| recoup verbo | /ɹɪˈkuːp/ | recuperar |
| remaster verbo | remasterizar | |
| cartridge sustantivo | /ˈkɑɹtɹɪd͡ʒ/ | cartucho, cartuchera |
| claw sustantivo | /klɔ/ | garra |
| gamer sustantivo | /ˈɡeɪ̯mə/ | videojugador, videojugadora |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Significado |
|---|---|
| shut down verbo | apagar |
| end up verbo | terminar, ir a parar |
| go through verbo | atravesar |
| go up verbo | subir |
| keep up with verbo | seguir, ir al paso |
| turn around verbo | darle una vuelta, dar(se) una vuelta |
| turn out verbo | resultar |
Frases que vale la pena repetir
Frases cortas y completas del vídeo que puedes reutilizar en la conversación diaria:
- Everything I've just mentioned is linked.
- Why don't they just make some more memory, you ask?
- I don't know what I expected.
- The darkest one I'm getting to.
- Am I happy about that?
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — una acción que empezó antes y continúa | we've already been seeing · has been happening · they've been finding |
| Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahora | has raised · has started · I've just mentioned |
| Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace | being called · is linked · can't be made |
| Oraciones de relativo who / which + oración — información extra sobre una persona o cosa | one who has · people who can |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 68 contracciones y formas reducidas, como don't, they're, we've. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “th”: theirs /ðɛɚz/, threshold /ˈθɹɛʃ(h)oʊld/
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: publisher /ˈpʌblɪʃɚ/, subscription /səbˈskɹɪpʃən/, implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/, limitation /lɪmɪˈteɪʃən/, prediction /pɹɪˈdɪkʃən/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: developer /dɪˈvɛləpɚ/, momentum /ˌmə(ʊ)ˈmɛntəm/, supposedly /səˈpoʊ̯.zɪd.li/, reportedly /ɹɪˈpɔːtɪdli/, implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- s + consonante al inicio — sin añadir una “e” delante: spiral /ˈspaɪɹəl/, smartphone /ˈsmɑɹtfoʊn/, squeeze /skwiːz/, sponsor /ˈspɒn.səː/
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: lever /ˈliː.və/, developer /dɪˈvɛləpɚ/, advert /ædvˈɝt/, massively /ˈmæs.ɪv.li/, invent /ɪnˈvɛnt/
- /z/ — sonora, no /s/: supposedly /səˈpoʊ̯.zɪd.li/, seize /ˈsiːz/, squeeze /skwiːz/, theirs /ðɛɚz/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Empieza a velocidad 0,75×, haz shadowing frase por frase y vuelve a la velocidad normal cuando te resulte fácil.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como rack, lever, install.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.