Shadowing Practice: These Solar-Powered Carnivorous Flatworms Divide and Conquer | Deep Look - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Those aren't cornflakes.
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This rock is absolutely covered with tiny marine flatworms called acyles.
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They're not just an animal.
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They're also kind of a plant.
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And they're practically immortal.
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They use simple eyes called ocelli to seek out the sunniest spots on tropical coral reefs,
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where they spread themselves out like beach blankets.
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But they don't just lay around sunbathing all day.
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Aseals are also skilled hunters.
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They catch prey by engulfing them with their body and jamming them into their mouth.
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You can see their meal trying in vain to escape.
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Also, they don't have a butt.
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Their poop just goes right back out through their mouth.
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So you wouldn't want to kiss one.
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They aren't just hunters.
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These acyls are gardeners, too.
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See those green dots?
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Those are algae.
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And those reddish cells belong to the acyl itself.
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When the sun hits our flatworm friend, the algae inside produce sugars through photosynthesis.
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This is a waste.
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Researchers think they share those sugars with their host.
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In return, the acyl provides its, um, waste, which is kind of like fertilizer for the algae.
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And the acyl protects its houseguests.
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Researchers think the acyls pack toxic chemicals in those reddish cells.
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So predators tend to leave them alone.
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Without its algae, the acyl would eventually die, even if it had plenty of prey to eat.
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Scientists call a creature like this a Holobiant — a single being made up of two or more completely different species.
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In this case, a solar -powered predator.
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But that's not even the weirdest thing about them.
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Researchers at Stanford University and the University of San Francisco are studying A -seals because of how they regenerate.
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And to do that?
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It'll be okay.
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I promise.
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You'd think getting cut in half would be a bad thing.
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But within minutes, the wounded front half seals up.
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In a couple days, it'll have a whole new tail. And the backside?
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It doesn't just make a new head.
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It makes two!
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But it's hard to share one body with two heads.
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So each half eventually pulls away from the other.
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Where there was once one acyl, now there are three.
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What seemed like a moment of doom was actually one of rebirth.
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But they don't need the researcher's scalpel.
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Aseals can drop their tail and clone themselves on their own.
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The Aseal and its algae can multiply themselves like this over and over, indefinitely, making them functionally immortal.
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Aseals can do this because they're packed with stem cells, which morph into any body part the Aseal needs to regrow.
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And since they can't hunt until they grow new heads, they're extra reliant on the energy they get from their algae.
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In these desperate times, the acyls even eat some of their algae.
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Sorry.
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Every relationship has its challenges.
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But the acyl and its algae have a deal.
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By taking advantage of each one's abilities, they're greater than the sum of their parts.
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Hey, it's Laura.
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Guess who else could be considered a holobiant?
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You.
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You've got a whole zoo of bacteria and other living things inside your gut that are vital to a healthy immune system, digestion, and even mood.
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And if you want to keep
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Deep Look healthy, support our show on Patreon.
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For a very limited time, if you become a $10 a month Patreon supporter, you'll get a fabulous
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Deep Look pint glass, and at $5 a month, a special Deep Look sticker.
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We can't make these videos without you.
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Join us on Patreon now.
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Link in the description.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación se basa en el vídeo “These Solar-Powered Carnivorous Flatworms Divide and Conquer”. Las palabras que más se repiten: acyl, algae, Aseal, Patreon, researchers. Este vídeo tiene 64 frases y 591 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 5:03. El hablante mantiene un ritmo constante de unas 117 palabras por minuto, cómodo para el shadowing. Solo el 76 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
15 palabras del vídeo que vale la pena aprender, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| researcher sustantivo | /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ | investigador, investigadora |
| hunter sustantivo | /ˈhʌntɚ/ | perro de caza |
| tail sustantivo | /ˈteɪ̯l/ | cola, rabo |
| seal sustantivo | /siːl/ | sello |
| prey sustantivo | /pɹeɪ/ | presa |
| immortal adjetivo | /ɪˈmɔɹtəl/ | inmortal |
| predator sustantivo | /ˈpɹɛd.ə.tɚ/ | predador, depredador |
| meal sustantivo | /ˈmiːl/ | comida, pitanza |
| mood sustantivo | /muːd/ | humor m ánimo, estado de ánimo |
| skill sustantivo | /skɪl/ | destreza, habilidad |
| belong verbo | /bɪˈlɒŋ/ | pertenecer [with en or a] |
| vital adjetivo | /ˈvaɪtəl/ | vital |
| desperate adjetivo | /ˈdɛs.p(ə.)ɹɪt/ | desesperado, que necesita desesperadamente |
| butt sustantivo | /bʌt/ | culo, culamen |
| toxic adjetivo | /ˈtɒk.sɪk/ | tóxico |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Significado |
|---|---|
| back out verbo | dar marcha atrás, echarse atrás |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 20 contracciones y formas reducidas, como they're, don't, aren't. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “th”: photosynthesis /ˌfoʊ.toʊˈsɪn.θə.sɪs/, rebirth /ɹiːˈbɜːθ/, sunbathe /ˈsʌnbeɪð/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: practically /ˈpɹæk.tɪ.k(ə.)li/, indefinitely /ɪnˈdɛfɪnɪtli/, photosynthesis /ˌfoʊ.toʊˈsɪn.θə.sɪs/, regenerate /ɹiːˈd͡ʒɛnəɹeɪt/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- s + consonante al inicio — sin añadir una “e” delante: skill /skɪl/, stem /stɛm/, sticker /ˈstɪkə/, scalpel /ˈskælpəl/
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: vital /ˈvaɪtəl/, vain /veɪn/
- /dʒ/ — no es la “y” ni la “ch”: jam /ˈd͡ʒæm/, digestion /daɪˈd͡ʒɛst͡ʃən/, regenerate /ɹiːˈd͡ʒɛnəɹeɪt/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como researcher, hunter, tail.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.