Pratique du Shadowing: 5 Coding Interview Tips From A Senior Engineer - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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What's up, everybody?
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Travis here from Travis .media.
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Today, I want to look at an article
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that I think will be helpful for anyone planning their first or even fifth interview for a programming job.
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I'm always fascinated in hearing what people who conduct these interviews on a regular basis expect from those interviewing
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and what kind of mistakes people keep making so that you
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and I can be sure not to make these same mistakes and stand out better.
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So in this video, I'll give you five lessons
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that you can take away from this information and better equip yourself for that next interview.
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Let's get started.
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So I found this really good
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Medium article, which can be really rare for Medium nowadays.
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And it's targeted towards senior engineers specifically.
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And it's actually called, This is Why I Didn't Accept You as a Senior Software Engineer.
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But I think it applies all the way down the chain to mid and even junior level engineers.
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Even if this is your first interview.
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Because if you're exhibiting behavior like a senior in your junior interview, it's a good thing.
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So let's take a look at this article.
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So here's what the author says.
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I've been interviewing engineers for different companies for the last few years.
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But lately I've been turning down candidates like never before.
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I'm still using the same questions.
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Nothing's changed The problem is
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that people have no idea about what it means to be a senior engineer and these professionals are scarcer than ever
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Okay, that's good.
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Let's find out the skills
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We need to work on to make us some of those scarce people and that leads us to lesson one General knowledge.
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I call it general knowledge.
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He calls it development methodologies
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So let me read this development methodologies or organizational methods that are meant to make teams effective
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These could be boring for us, but it's expected of you to have expertise in them.
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During my years of work, I have developed a rejection of non -agile development methodologies.
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And more than that, I think that Scrum is not agile enough.
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Its exhaustive use ends up helping the ego of the project managers more than the programmers.
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I agree, though I like Scrum, but I like this meme too.
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So here's the point.
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When I do an interview, I look for that capacity of criticism in developers, knowing Scrum is not enough.
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But you also have to know its disadvantages and propose solutions to them.
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So the lesson here is that you shouldn't be agreeing to everything.
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We go into the interview and we're like, yeah, yeah, I like that.
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Yeah, I like this.
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But you should be forming opinions about things with reasons to back them up.
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Not in a quarrelsome way, but no one really wants another developer that just does whatever he
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or she is told without sometimes disagreeing or offering better or alternative solutions.
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As a developer, programming is only part of the job.
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Another very important part is leaning in with your expertise on the task at hand.
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Maybe the feature that the project manager
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or the client wants is not a good idea or will not go well with how things are currently built.
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You're needed to speak up, share your concern, and offer a better alternative.
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In the case of this interviewer, he's looking for someone that can offer their opinions of Scrum regardless if you like it or not.
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You can actually offer your opinion about it
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and not just agree to whatever he says about it in the hopes
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that they give you the job because you guys are the same.
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The lesson here is to read up on things.
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Form opinions yourself about industry -wide tools and development methodologies and be able to speak your mind about it if asked.
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The point here is not that you need to learn Scrum for this guy.
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The point is that if you're asked about Scrum, you have an opinion about it.
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We want to carry on a conversation with the interviewer and not just nod our heads at everything said.
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And I'll close lesson one with this quote here.
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I thought it was good.
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General knowledge will help you form better opinions and show you're willing to learn outside your field.
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General knowledge is important.
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Read up, form your opinions.
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Lesson two, how well do you know your language?
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He labels this section software design principles.
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The reason the rockstar engineer is so much more valuable than his counterparts isn't unique to programming.
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The great software engineer is incredibly creative and can see conceptual patterns that others can't.
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After finishing every interview, this is important.
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Listen to what this guy is saying.
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After finishing every interview, when writing feedback for the candidate, I swear I could copy and paste the same response every time.
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And it's this.
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I suggest you read more about Python design patterns.
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A good resource can be this guide.
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We'll get back to that guide in a minute.
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It's so easy to filter candidates with design principles.
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Only in really strange cases, I've found people with an answer to all of these questions.
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And he goes on to say that, hey, these design patterns are challenging.
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It's not always easy to apply and recall them.
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But forcing yourself to do these checks while you're programming will put you a step ahead.
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Why do we use length array in Python while in other language we can use array dot length?
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Is there any optimization behind it? how much do you know your language
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so this lesson is twofold number one learn about your language design patterns
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and two know your language well that's why when i say
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if you're starting out programming learn one language
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and learn it well like javascript you could do everything with it
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or python that's a popular one let's say that you learn python first
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and you decide to go all in with it learn
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it well learn its quirks find a book like one of those o'reilly books
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that goes in depth with the language
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and be able to discuss things like why python is using
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a length function instead of a length method as this author mentions sure
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this may be more catered to senior interviews
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but it will help you stand out better as a junior
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if you're at least familiar with the deeper parts of a language such
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that you can carry on a conversation about it you don't
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have to be an expert just be able to carry on
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the conversation think about books like javascript the good parts a book that's old
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but really helps you see what's going on under the hood and learn about the quirks of the language.
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He says here, reading a book about the language you use is absolutely necessary when you're growing.
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Any senior engineering interview will include advanced questions
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that you will only know by reading because books always go deeper than online courses.
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So do the online courses, learn the stuff, and then go deeper.
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Learn the language, build projects, get familiar, learn algorithms, but also here and there,
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read a new chapter or two that takes you a little bit deeper.
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Next, try to learn some design patterns for that language,
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or really design patterns in general with programming yes even as a junior as you build your apps
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if it's python then do check out this link
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that he provides it's a really really good resource it's at python -patterns .guide
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and here you have a handful of principles and patterns
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that you can learn
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if you're using the python language as the author suggests
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we're actually going to be working through some of these in the travis media community
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when it reopens in january i closed it for december
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because i'm doing a complete makeover
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and overhaul of the community it's going to be awesome
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when it relaunches if you want to be notified when
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that reopens just go to travis .media slash community put your email in this form here
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and i'll email you when it reopens and work it into your hobby projects
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or your portfolio projects you of course don't have to memorize all of these
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and be able to implement them all but
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if you're at least familiar with them
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and can implement a few that's enough to allow you into the conversation
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and thus have an opinion which is part of lesson one
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that we just talked about lesson three is check your attitude look at this
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Working with a vain person is immensely difficult.
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They make you feel bad all of the time and create bad vibes in the team.
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In the long term, the damage that such a person can do, the company can be very expensive.
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This has been an experience for any and every developer out there probably, working with a toxic developer.
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Companies are looking for great humans when they're offering humongous salaries, and part of that is being a good person.
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When doing an interview, we're not only evaluating the candidate's knowledge, but also his or her attitude.
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In a specific process I did months ago, the company asked us specifically to look for good and honest persons more than great programmers.
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He was told to look for good and honest people more than great, great programmers.
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I can attest to companies doing this personally.
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A job I had in the past as a site reliability engineer did just that.
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The CTO landed a new contract.
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They needed like 30 people, local people.
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We had to go into the office, but he went on LinkedIn.
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He found a bunch of people in my city, me being one of them.
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He reached out, called me on the phone, told me the situation, and told me the company's philosophy,
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which was we look for good people who can easily learn the stuff.
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He said a lot of companies, they want the best programmers.
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They don't care about the people themselves or their personalities.
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They just want the best programmers.
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This company flipped all of that and is looking for good people who love to learn, are easily teachable, and don't have attitudes.
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So we talked.
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Things went really well.
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I still had the coding exam, but I got the job despite not really being qualified as an SRE.
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I was a developer.
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But they were looking for good people who were eager to learn and weren't toxic to be around.
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A bad attitude or lying could imply an immediate elimination from a selection process.
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Lying, too.
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I always recommend the book, How to Win Friends and Influence People.
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It's one of those books that everybody should read to have better relationships in life.
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That happens to be a book we're just finishing up in the Travis Media community.
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It's a good one.
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You should read it.
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Before we get to lesson four, quick intermission.
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What should a junior mid -read to become a senior?
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Here are some fantastic resources to grow as a senior developer.
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I'll put links to these below because this article is a member -only article.
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Some of you may not be members, but they're really good.
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You could use AI to simulate an interview.
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Here's some websites a programmer should visit.
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But these community -driven roadmaps are really neat.
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Just wanted to mention it real quick.
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If you need a roadmap for learning some technology, let's say you want to learn JavaScript, just go down here, click JavaScript Roadmap.
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Takes you to a site called roadmap .sh slash JavaScript.
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And you just start from the beginning.
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So introduction to JavaScript.
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What is JavaScript?
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History of JavaScript.
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Once you're done with that, you move on to all about variables.
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You learn about variable declarations, hoisting, and you just continue to go down the line until you know everything about the language.
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Use this tool to go deeper with the language, as we mentioned in Lesson 2.
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Lesson 4 is, what about my coding skills?
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So far, we've mainly been talking about communication skills, knowledge skills, being able to carry on a technical conversation.
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We often think we just need to know all the algorithms and they'll love us, but that isn't the case.
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It's both, and often we tip the scales more on the technical stuff, for lack of the communication stuff.
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But we do need the coding skills.
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So this author recommends LeetCode.
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I think everybody's recommending LeetCode Premium.
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I bought LeetCode Premium some months ago.
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It was a great decision to land my current job.
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On your way, you'll discover interesting math, curiosities, patterns, and optimizations from other users.
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Not an affiliate.
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I have no incentive to tell you this.
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That's just what he recommends.
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Simulating an interview from a big company can also be useful to understand how they're structured.
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Lesson five, the hard but understandable truth.
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This is very important you simply may not be the right profile for the company
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it's not you it's me right no seriously quit beating yourself up
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because you sucked everyone sucks at the coding interview
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i actually have a really old video that's a bit cringy about
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when i really bombed an interview in the past
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i'll put a link to it above even after reading a lot of material
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Practicing every day and having a lot of experience you could be rejected
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because you're just not the right profile for the company
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So lesson five is that you may do great at the interview
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You may be expecting to land the job and then you get the bad news
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But you have to remember that it may just be that you weren't a good fit for that role
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Nothing to do with your skills nothing to do with you personally
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But that company has a profile certain profile they want to fill
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and maybe you just weren't that the only things you can expect from yourself
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Are resilience and persistence those are not only the skills
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that will secure your job in the future but they also are the main skills we expect from a senior engineer.
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If you found this video helpful, give it a thumbs up, consider subscribing to the channel, and I'll see you in the next video.
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Thanks for watching.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale s’appuie sur la vidéo « 5 Coding Interview Tips From A Senior Engineer ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : learn, interview, language, lesson. Cette vidéo contient 207 phrases et 2403 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 10:42. Le locuteur parle vite, environ 225 mots par minute : attendez-vous à des liaisons et à des sons réduits. 85 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| lesson nom | /ˈlɛs.ən/ | leçon |
| skill nom | /skɪl/ | habileté, compétence |
| developer nom | /dɪˈvɛləpɚ/ | concepteur, développeur |
| programmer nom | /ˈpɹoʊɡɹæmɚ/ | programmeur, programmeuse |
| methodology nom | /ˌmɛθ.əˈdɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ | méthodologie |
| principle nom | /ˈpɹɪn.sɪ.pəl/ | principe |
| helpful adjectif | /ˈhɛlp.fl̩/ | utile, serviable |
| suck verbe | /sʌk/ | sucer |
| resource nom | /ɹɪˈzɔːs/ | ressource |
| toxic adjectif | /ˈtɒk.sɪk/ | toxique |
| implement verbe | /ˈɪmpləmənt/ | appliquer, exécuter |
| variable adjectif | [ˈvæɹ.i.ə.bl̩] | variable |
| array nom | /əˈɹeɪ/ | éventail |
| expertise nom | /ˌɛkspɜːˈtiːz/ | compétence, expertise |
| algorithm nom | /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/ | algorithme |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| go down verbe | descendre |
| check out verbe | mater, regarder |
| end up verbe | se terminer, se finir |
| find out verbe | découvrir, savoir |
| reach out verbe | tendre la main |
| turn down verbe | refuser, décliner |
Des phrases à répéter
Des phrases courtes et complètes de la vidéo, à réutiliser dans la conversation de tous les jours :
- I'm still using the same questions.
- Lesson two, how well do you know your language?
- We'll get back to that guide in a minute.
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect continu have/has been + -ing — une action commencée avant et toujours en cours | I've been interviewing · I've been turning · we've mainly been talking |
| Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose | people who conduct · article, which can · someone that can |
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | are meant · is told · are currently built |
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | have developed · I've found · has been |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 47 contractions et formes réduites, comme you're, I'll, don't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « th »: methodology /ˌmɛθ.əˈdɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, algorithm /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/, math /mæθ/, thumb /ˈθʌm/
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: optimization /ˌɑptəmaɪˈzeɪʃən/, declaration /ˌdɛk.ləˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, elimination /ɪlɪmɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n/, rejection /ɹɪˈd͡ʒɛkʃən/, organizational /ˌɔː(ɹ)ɡənɪˈzeɪʃənəl/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: developer /dɪˈvɛləpɚ/, methodology /ˌmɛθ.əˈdɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, optimization /ˌɑptəmaɪˈzeɪʃən/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, portfolio /pɔːtˈfəʊ.liˌəʊ/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: helpful /ˈhɛlp.fl̩/, hood /hʊd/, handful /ˈhæn(d)fʊl/, hobby /ˈhɑ.bi/, overhaul /ˈəʊvəˌhɔːl/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: methodology /ˌmɛθ.əˈdɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, rejection /ɹɪˈd͡ʒɛkʃən/, disadvantage /ˌdɪsədˈvæntɪd͡ʒ/, agile /ˈæd͡ʒ.aɪl/, cringey /ˈkɹɪnd͡ʒi/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: programmer /ˈpɹoʊɡɹæmɚ/, travis /ˈtɹeɪvəs/, principle /ˈpɹɪn.sɪ.pəl/, resource /ɹɪˈzɔːs/, variable [ˈvæɹ.i.ə.bl̩]
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme lesson, skill, developer.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.