Pratique du Shadowing: Contemporary Topics 1 Unit 1 PSYCHOLOGY Happiness - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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97 phrases
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Good morning everybody.
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Today I want to get started with the main topic of this course, happiness.
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First I want to talk about how psychologists like myself measure happiness.
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Then we'll look at some common characteristics of happy people.
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And finally we'll look at whether or not we can change our level of happiness.
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In other words, whether we can learn to be happier.
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Okay, so we all know what it's like to feel happy, right?
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But how do we measure happiness?
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One common method psychologists use is interviewing people.
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First, we ask them questions to find out how happy they are, how happy they feel in general.
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Then we gather information about them, like their age, health, income, and so on.
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We use all of this data to determine the most common characteristics of happy people.
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So what have psychologists learned?
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Well, there are a few characteristics we know are not relevant to happiness.
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One of them is having a lot of money.
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As long as people have enough money for a home,
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food, and clothing, having more money doesn't make people happier.
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So money doesn't buy happiness.
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Are you surprised?
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Another thing that is not connected to happiness is having more education.
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People with a lot of education are no happier than people with little education.
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So now maybe you're questioning your decision to take this class, huh?
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Finally, a third characteristic that is not a requirement for happiness is youth, being young.
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In fact, the opposite is true.
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One study found that 60 to 64 year olds are actually happier than 20 to 24 year olds.
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So we know that money, education, and youth are not important to happiness.
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Then what is?
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Well, there's no one way to achieve happiness,
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but there are a few specific characteristics that happy people have in common.
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One very important characteristic is family and friends.
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A study of students at the University of Illinois found
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that the happiest students had strong connections to family and friends and that they made time to spend with them.
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Another common feature of happy people is that they have religious beliefs or a belief in something bigger than themselves.
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This helps them feel that life has significance or meaning.
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A third important thing about happy people is that they set goals for themselves.
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In the workplace or in their personal lives, they establish goals around things they find interesting or things that allow them to use their strengths.
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Now, another question psychologists have tried to resolve is, can we change how happy we are?
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Can we learn to be happier?
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Some psychologists think the answer is no, we can't.
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This is because research shows that happiness depends a lot on our personality the kind of person we are.
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Some people just have more positive attitudes about life than others.
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We've all noticed this, right?
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And because it's difficult for people to change their personalities,
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some psychologists think that we stay at about the same level of happiness throughout our lives.
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But many of us in the field of positive psychology believe we can change,
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that we can consciously learn to be happier.
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Positive psychologists have developed some exercises that people can do to feel happier.
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One of these is called the gratitude visit.
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In this exercise, people write a letter to someone they want to thank.
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For example, a parent, a friend, a teacher.
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Someone they feel has helped them in their life.
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But they don't send the letter.
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Instead, they visit the person and read the letter to them.
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Now, research shows this really works to make the person who wrote the letter feel happier.
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Why?
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First, it helps them feel more connected to others.
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And remember, that is very important for happiness.
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Second, the people are giving something, in this case, their thanks to someone else.
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And giving or helping others makes us feel better about ourselves.
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It helps us feel that our lives have meaning.
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In addition to the gratitude visit,
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psychologists have developed other exercises that help people focus on the positive things in their lives
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and help them use their strength to achieve goals.
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And studies have shown that these exercises can help people feel better.
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However, they do have limits.
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For one thing, each exercise only works for a certain amount of time.
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For example, the gratitude visit only makes people happier for about three months.
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And of course, we can't become a lot happier.
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Remember, we can't totally change our personalities.
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You can't take a really unhappy, negative person and make him or her feel super happy all the time.
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But I do believe that if we really want to, we can all learn ways to feel better, to feel the best that we can.
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And you're going to find this out for yourselves.
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For the next time, I'd like you to look into choosing your own happiness exercise.
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I think this class is going to be really fun.
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I mean, we're studying happiness.
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Yeah, I know what you mean.
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This is a cool topic.
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Maybe the ideas from this course can completely change people's lives.
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Like, maybe I'll become happier.
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Really?
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I don't think so.
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I don't think these ideas can really work.
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I mean, we're either happy people or we're not, like she said.
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Yeah, exactly.
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Like, did you guys get the gratitude visit?
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I mean, is that really going to make you happier for how long did she say?
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Three months.
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I doubt it.
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Maybe like a week.
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But then you're yourself again.
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I'm sorry, I don't agree.
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I think a really positive experience can stay with you a long time.
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Like I said, it can change your life.
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But don't forget, not all psychologists believe you can learn to be happier.
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Do you have that in your notes?
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Yeah, I guess so.
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I guess I'm just a positive thinker.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale s’appuie sur la vidéo « Contemporary Topics 1 Unit 1 PSYCHOLOGY Happiness ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : happiness, happier, psychologists, characteristic, exercise. Cette vidéo contient 97 phrases et 981 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 8:15. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 119 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. 87 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc facile à suivre.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| happiness nom | /ˈhæpinɪs/ | bonheur |
| psychologist nom | /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/ | psychologue |
| characteristic nom | /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/ | caractéristique |
| gratitude nom | /ˈɡɹæ.tɪ.tud/ | gratitude |
| litter nom | /ˈlɪt.ɚ/ | litière |
| topic nom | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | sujet, thème |
| belief nom | /bɪˈliːf/ | croyance |
| connect verbe | /kəˈnɛkt/ | accoupler, connecter |
| clothing nom | /ˈkloʊðɪŋ/ | vêtements, habits |
| establish verbe | /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/ | affermir, instaurer |
| psychology nom | /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ | psychologie |
| requirement nom | /ɹɪˈkwaɪɹmənt/ | exigence, besoin |
| gather verbe | /ˈɡæðɚ/ | ramasser |
| depend verbe | /dɪˈpɛnd/ | dépendre |
| significance nom | /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/ | importance, signification |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| find out verbe | découvrir, savoir |
Des phrases à répéter
Des phrases courtes et complètes de la vidéo, à réutiliser dans la conversation de tous les jours :
- Can we learn to be happier?
- Some psychologists think the answer is no, we can't.
- We've all noticed this, right?
- Remember, we can't totally change our personalities.
- Do you have that in your notes?
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | have tried · have developed · has helped |
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | is not connected · is called |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 24 contractions et formes réduites, comme don't, can't, we're. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « th »: clothing /ˈkloʊðɪŋ/, gather /ˈɡæðɚ/, thinker /ˈθɪŋ.kɚ/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, psychology /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, significance /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: happiness /ˈhæpinɪs/, unhappy /ʌnˈhæpi/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, psychology /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, gratitude /ˈɡɹæ.tɪ.tud/, requirement /ɹɪˈkwaɪɹmənt/, resolve /ɹɪˈzɑlv/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme happiness, psychologist, characteristic.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.