Практика Shadowing: Contemporary Topics 1 Unit 1 PSYCHOLOGY Happiness - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

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Good morning everybody.

Today I want to get started with the main topic of this course, happiness.

First I want to talk about how psychologists like myself measure happiness.

Then we'll look at some common characteristics of happy people.

And finally we'll look at whether or not we can change our level of happiness.

In other words, whether we can learn to be happier.

Okay, so we all know what it's like to feel happy, right?

But how do we measure happiness?

One common method psychologists use is interviewing people.

First, we ask them questions to find out how happy they are, how happy they feel in general.

Then we gather information about them, like their age, health, income, and so on.

We use all of this data to determine the most common characteristics of happy people.

So what have psychologists learned?

Well, there are a few characteristics we know are not relevant to happiness.

One of them is having a lot of money.

As long as people have enough money for a home,

food, and clothing, having more money doesn't make people happier.

So money doesn't buy happiness.

Are you surprised?

Another thing that is not connected to happiness is having more education.

People with a lot of education are no happier than people with little education.

So now maybe you're questioning your decision to take this class, huh?

Finally, a third characteristic that is not a requirement for happiness is youth, being young.

In fact, the opposite is true.

One study found that 60 to 64 year olds are actually happier than 20 to 24 year olds.

So we know that money, education, and youth are not important to happiness.

Then what is?

Well, there's no one way to achieve happiness,

but there are a few specific characteristics that happy people have in common.

One very important characteristic is family and friends.

A study of students at the University of Illinois found

that the happiest students had strong connections to family and friends and that they made time to spend with them.

Another common feature of happy people is that they have religious beliefs or a belief in something bigger than themselves.

This helps them feel that life has significance or meaning.

A third important thing about happy people is that they set goals for themselves.

In the workplace or in their personal lives, they establish goals around things they find interesting or things that allow them to use their strengths.

Now, another question psychologists have tried to resolve is, can we change how happy we are?

Can we learn to be happier?

Some psychologists think the answer is no, we can't.

This is because research shows that happiness depends a lot on our personality the kind of person we are.

Some people just have more positive attitudes about life than others.

We've all noticed this, right?

And because it's difficult for people to change their personalities,

some psychologists think that we stay at about the same level of happiness throughout our lives.

But many of us in the field of positive psychology believe we can change,

that we can consciously learn to be happier.

Positive psychologists have developed some exercises that people can do to feel happier.

One of these is called the gratitude visit.

In this exercise, people write a letter to someone they want to thank.

For example, a parent, a friend, a teacher.

Someone they feel has helped them in their life.

But they don't send the letter.

Instead, they visit the person and read the letter to them.

Now, research shows this really works to make the person who wrote the letter feel happier.

Why?

First, it helps them feel more connected to others.

And remember, that is very important for happiness.

Second, the people are giving something, in this case, their thanks to someone else.

And giving or helping others makes us feel better about ourselves.

It helps us feel that our lives have meaning.

In addition to the gratitude visit,

psychologists have developed other exercises that help people focus on the positive things in their lives

and help them use their strength to achieve goals.

And studies have shown that these exercises can help people feel better.

However, they do have limits.

For one thing, each exercise only works for a certain amount of time.

For example, the gratitude visit only makes people happier for about three months.

And of course, we can't become a lot happier.

Remember, we can't totally change our personalities.

You can't take a really unhappy, negative person and make him or her feel super happy all the time.

But I do believe that if we really want to, we can all learn ways to feel better, to feel the best that we can.

And you're going to find this out for yourselves.

For the next time, I'd like you to look into choosing your own happiness exercise.

I think this class is going to be really fun.

I mean, we're studying happiness.

Yeah, I know what you mean.

This is a cool topic.

Maybe the ideas from this course can completely change people's lives.

Like, maybe I'll become happier.

Really?

I don't think so.

I don't think these ideas can really work.

I mean, we're either happy people or we're not, like she said.

Yeah, exactly.

Like, did you guys get the gratitude visit?

I mean, is that really going to make you happier for how long did she say?

Three months.

I doubt it.

Maybe like a week.

But then you're yourself again.

I'm sorry, I don't agree.

I think a really positive experience can stay with you a long time.

Like I said, it can change your life.

But don't forget, not all psychologists believe you can learn to be happier.

Do you have that in your notes?

Yeah, I guess so.

I guess I'm just a positive thinker.

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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку

Этот урок разговорной практики построен на видео «Contemporary Topics 1 Unit 1 PSYCHOLOGY Happiness». Чаще всего повторяются слова: happiness, happier, psychologists, characteristic, exercise. В этом видео 97 предложений и 981 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 8:15. Говорящий держит ровный темп — около 119 слов в минуту, удобный для шедоуинга. 87% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка, поэтому лексика простая.

Ключевая лексика этого видео

15 слов из видео, которые стоит выучить, с произношением и значением:

Слово	Произношение	Значение
happiness существительное	/ˈhæpinɪs/	сча́стье, ра́дость
psychologist существительное	/ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/	психо́лог
characteristic существительное	/ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/	характе́рная черта́, отличи́тельная черта́
gratitude существительное	/ˈɡɹæ.tɪ.tud/	благода́рность, призна́тельность
litter существительное	/ˈlɪt.ɚ/	подсти́лка
topic существительное	/ˈtɑpɪk/	те́ма, предме́т
belief существительное	/bɪˈliːf/	ве́ра, дове́рие
connect глагол	/kəˈnɛkt/	свя́зывать, связа́ть
clothing существительное	/ˈkloʊðɪŋ/	оде́жда
establish глагол	/ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/	устана́вливать, установи́ть
psychology существительное	/saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/	психоло́гия, пси́хика
requirement существительное	/ɹɪˈkwaɪɹmənt/	необходи́мость, тре́бование
gather глагол	/ˈɡæðɚ/	собира́ть, собра́ть
depend глагол	/dɪˈpɛnd/	зави́сеть
significance существительное	/sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/	значе́ние

Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите

Слово	Значение
find out глагол	узнава́ть, узна́ть

Фразы, которые стоит повторять

Короткие законченные фразы из видео, которые пригодятся в повседневном разговоре:

Can we learn to be happier?
Some psychologists think the answer is no, we can't.
We've all noticed this, right?
Remember, we can't totally change our personalities.
Do you have that in your notes?

Грамматика в этом видео

Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:

Конструкция	В видео
Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас	have tried · have developed · has helped
Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает	is not connected · is called

Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание

Говорящий использует 24 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например don't, can't, we're. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.

Звуки «th»: clothing /ˈkloʊðɪŋ/, gather /ˈɡæðɚ/, thinker /ˈθɪŋ.kɚ/
Длинные слова — следите за ударением: psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, psychology /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, significance /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/

Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:

/w/ — губы округлены, это не /v/: requirement /ɹɪˈkwaɪɹmənt/, workplace /ˈwɝkˌpleɪs/
/h/ — лёгкий выдох, а не русское «х»: happiness /ˈhæpinɪs/, unhappy /ʌnˈhæpi/
Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: gratitude /ˈɡɹæ.tɪ.tud/, depend /dɪˈpɛnd/, resolve /ɹɪˈzɑlv/, yourselves /jəˈsɛlvz/

Как заниматься с этим видео

Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
Повторяйте предложение за предложением на обычной скорости, пока ваш ритм не совпадёт с ритмом говорящего.
Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как happiness, psychologist, characteristic.

Что такое техника Shadowing?

Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.

Техника шедоуинга: читать полное пошаговое руководство →

Практика Shadowing: Contemporary Topics 1 Unit 1 PSYCHOLOGY Happiness - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

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