Shadowing Practice: Contemporary Topics 1 Unit 1 PSYCHOLOGY Happiness - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Good morning everybody.
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Today I want to get started with the main topic of this course, happiness.
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First I want to talk about how psychologists like myself measure happiness.
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Then we'll look at some common characteristics of happy people.
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And finally we'll look at whether or not we can change our level of happiness.
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In other words, whether we can learn to be happier.
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Okay, so we all know what it's like to feel happy, right?
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But how do we measure happiness?
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One common method psychologists use is interviewing people.
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First, we ask them questions to find out how happy they are, how happy they feel in general.
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Then we gather information about them, like their age, health, income, and so on.
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We use all of this data to determine the most common characteristics of happy people.
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So what have psychologists learned?
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Well, there are a few characteristics we know are not relevant to happiness.
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One of them is having a lot of money.
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As long as people have enough money for a home,
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food, and clothing, having more money doesn't make people happier.
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So money doesn't buy happiness.
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Are you surprised?
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Another thing that is not connected to happiness is having more education.
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People with a lot of education are no happier than people with little education.
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So now maybe you're questioning your decision to take this class, huh?
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Finally, a third characteristic that is not a requirement for happiness is youth, being young.
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In fact, the opposite is true.
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One study found that 60 to 64 year olds are actually happier than 20 to 24 year olds.
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So we know that money, education, and youth are not important to happiness.
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Then what is?
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Well, there's no one way to achieve happiness,
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but there are a few specific characteristics that happy people have in common.
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One very important characteristic is family and friends.
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A study of students at the University of Illinois found
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that the happiest students had strong connections to family and friends and that they made time to spend with them.
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Another common feature of happy people is that they have religious beliefs or a belief in something bigger than themselves.
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This helps them feel that life has significance or meaning.
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A third important thing about happy people is that they set goals for themselves.
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In the workplace or in their personal lives, they establish goals around things they find interesting or things that allow them to use their strengths.
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Now, another question psychologists have tried to resolve is, can we change how happy we are?
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Can we learn to be happier?
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Some psychologists think the answer is no, we can't.
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This is because research shows that happiness depends a lot on our personality the kind of person we are.
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Some people just have more positive attitudes about life than others.
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We've all noticed this, right?
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And because it's difficult for people to change their personalities,
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some psychologists think that we stay at about the same level of happiness throughout our lives.
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But many of us in the field of positive psychology believe we can change,
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that we can consciously learn to be happier.
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Positive psychologists have developed some exercises that people can do to feel happier.
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One of these is called the gratitude visit.
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In this exercise, people write a letter to someone they want to thank.
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For example, a parent, a friend, a teacher.
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Someone they feel has helped them in their life.
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But they don't send the letter.
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Instead, they visit the person and read the letter to them.
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Now, research shows this really works to make the person who wrote the letter feel happier.
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Why?
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First, it helps them feel more connected to others.
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And remember, that is very important for happiness.
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Second, the people are giving something, in this case, their thanks to someone else.
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And giving or helping others makes us feel better about ourselves.
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It helps us feel that our lives have meaning.
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In addition to the gratitude visit,
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psychologists have developed other exercises that help people focus on the positive things in their lives
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and help them use their strength to achieve goals.
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And studies have shown that these exercises can help people feel better.
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However, they do have limits.
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For one thing, each exercise only works for a certain amount of time.
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For example, the gratitude visit only makes people happier for about three months.
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And of course, we can't become a lot happier.
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Remember, we can't totally change our personalities.
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You can't take a really unhappy, negative person and make him or her feel super happy all the time.
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But I do believe that if we really want to, we can all learn ways to feel better, to feel the best that we can.
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And you're going to find this out for yourselves.
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For the next time, I'd like you to look into choosing your own happiness exercise.
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I think this class is going to be really fun.
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I mean, we're studying happiness.
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Yeah, I know what you mean.
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This is a cool topic.
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Maybe the ideas from this course can completely change people's lives.
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Like, maybe I'll become happier.
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Really?
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I don't think so.
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I don't think these ideas can really work.
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I mean, we're either happy people or we're not, like she said.
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Yeah, exactly.
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Like, did you guys get the gratitude visit?
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I mean, is that really going to make you happier for how long did she say?
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Three months.
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I doubt it.
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Maybe like a week.
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But then you're yourself again.
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I'm sorry, I don't agree.
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I think a really positive experience can stay with you a long time.
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Like I said, it can change your life.
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But don't forget, not all psychologists believe you can learn to be happier.
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Do you have that in your notes?
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Yeah, I guess so.
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I guess I'm just a positive thinker.
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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları
Bu konuşma dersi “Contemporary Topics 1 Unit 1 PSYCHOLOGY Happiness” videosuna dayanıyor. En çok tekrarlanan kelimeler: happiness, happier, psychologists, characteristic, exercise. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 97 cümle ve 981 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 8:15 sürüyor. Konuşmacı dakikada yaklaşık 119 kelimelik dengeli bir hızla konuşuyor; gölgeleme için rahat bir tempo. Kelimelerin %87’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında, bu yüzden kelime dağarcığını takip etmek kolay.
Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler
Videodan öğrenmeye değer 14 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:
| Kelime | Telaffuz | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| happiness isim | /ˈhæpinɪs/ | mutluluk, saadet |
| psychologist isim | /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/ | psikolog |
| gratitude isim | /ˈɡɹæ.tɪ.tud/ | şükür, şükran |
| litter isim | /ˈlɪt.ɚ/ | altlık |
| topic isim | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | mevzu, tema |
| clothing isim | /ˈkloʊðɪŋ/ | giysi, giyim kuşam |
| establish fiil | /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/ | yerleştirmek |
| psychology isim | /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ | ruh bilimi |
| requirement isim | /ɹɪˈkwaɪɹmənt/ | gereklilik, zaruret |
| gather fiil | /ˈɡæðɚ/ | toplamak |
| significance isim | /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/ | önem |
| unhappy sıfat | /ʌnˈhæpi/ | mutsuz, üzgün |
| workplace isim | /ˈwɝkˌpleɪs/ | iş yeri |
| thinker isim | /ˈθɪŋ.kɚ/ | düşünür, düşünücü |
Duyacağınız deyimsel fiiller
| Kelime | Anlam |
|---|---|
| find out fiil | anlamak, ortaya çıkarmak |
Tekrar etmeye değer cümleler
Videodan, günlük konuşmada yeniden kullanabileceğiniz kısa ve tam cümleler:
- Can we learn to be happier?
- Some psychologists think the answer is no, we can't.
- We've all noticed this, right?
- Remember, we can't totally change our personalities.
- Do you have that in your notes?
Bu videodaki dil bilgisi
Konuşmacının en çok kullandığı yapılar, videodaki sözcüklerin aynısıyla:
| Yapı | Videoda |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + fiilin üçüncü hâli — geçmişte olan ama şimdi de önemli olan bir eylem | have tried · have developed · has helped |
| Edilgen yapı be + fiilin üçüncü hâli — kimin yaptığı değil, ne olduğu önemli | is not connected · is called |
Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar
Konuşmacı don't, can't, we're gibi kısaltılmış biçimleri 24 kez kullanıyor. Bunları duyduğunuz gibi kısa söyleyin.
- “th” sesleri: clothing /ˈkloʊðɪŋ/, gather /ˈɡæðɚ/, thinker /ˈθɪŋ.kɚ/
- Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, psychology /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, significance /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/
Türkçe konuşanların zorlandığı sesler:
- /w/ — dudaklar yuvarlak, /v/ değil: requirement /ɹɪˈkwaɪɹmənt/, workplace /ˈwɝkˌpleɪs/
- Kelime başındaki ünsüz kümesi — araya ünlü eklemeyin: gratitude /ˈɡɹæ.tɪ.tud/, clothing /ˈkloʊðɪŋ/
- /æ/ — “e”den daha açık: happiness /ˈhæpinɪs/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, gratitude /ˈɡɹæ.tɪ.tud/, establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/, gather /ˈɡæðɚ/
Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır
- Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
- Normal hızda cümle cümle tekrar edin; ritminiz konuşmacıyla aynı olana kadar her cümleyi yineleyin.
- Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; happiness, psychologist, gratitude gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.
Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?
Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.