Pratique du Shadowing: How Exercise Benefits Your Brain - Exercise and The Brain (animated) - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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We all know that exercise makes us feel better, but most of us have no idea why.
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We assume it's because we're burning off stress or boosting endorphins.
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But the real reason we feel so good when we exercise is that it makes the brain function at its best.
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And in my opinion this benefit is far more important than what it does for the body.
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Building muscles, conditioning the heart and lungs are essentially side effects.
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The real point of exercise is to build and condition the brain.
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In today's technology-driven, plasma-screened world, it's easy to forget that we were born to move.
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Nowadays we spend most of our time sitting behind a desk or lying on the couch, and we have basically removed movement from our lives.
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This has become a norm in the past century, but we must remember that didn't evolve for this type of sedentary lifestyle, we evolved as hunter-gatherers.
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Our ancestors had to walk five to ten miles on an average day, just to be able to eat.
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Since it takes tens of thousands of years for our biology to evolve, you can see there's a huge mismatch between our lifestyle and our genes.
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Today we no longer hunt and gather and not only is that a problem, but it poses one of the biggest threats to our continued survival.
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65 percent of America's adults are overweight or obese, and 10 percent of the population has type 2 diabetes, a preventable disease that stems from inactivity and poor nutrition.
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We're literally killing ourselves, and it's a problem throughout the developed world.
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What's even more disturbing is that inactivity is killing our brains, as well as physically shrinking them.
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Now you might be thinking, why would our brain shrink if we don't move as much.
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What we really need to ask ourselves, is why do we need a brain at all.
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You might say that we have brains to come up with ideas or to analyze different situations.
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But the answer is that only a mobile creature needs a brain.
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The brain's main purpose is to perform complex motor movements.
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For example a koala used to have a much bigger brain than it does now.
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However once it evolved its digestive system to survive on just eucalyptus leaves, it meant that less movement was required.
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Fewer complex movements, also meant less brain was needed, so the koala's brain physically shrunk.
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This is important information, because guess who's running the show.
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Your brain.
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The brain isn't a fixed organ that cannot be changed.
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It's adaptable and it can increase in size like any other muscle on your body.
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Or in the koala's case, decrease in size.
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So guess what turns out to be the best thing you can do for you brain today.
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That's right, physical exercise.
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Particularly high intensity aerobic exercise.
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Going to the gym and lifting weights every 10 minutes, like many powerlifters do, doesn't seem to have such a powerful impact, as high intensity exercise does.
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Powerlifting still benefits the brain, don't get me wrong, but to reap all the benefits, you need to get your heart rate, up to 80% of its maximum beats per minute.
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So what exactly are those brain benefits I speak of?
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Well, besides preventing your brain from shrinking you can expect an improved ability to learn and absorb new information.
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It's been shown that students with higher fitness scores also have higher test scores.
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Exercise also decreases depression and relieves stress.
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It even helps prevent cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease.
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If you're a woman, you can expect less mood swings.
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If exercise came in a pill form, it would be hailed as the drug of the century.
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However it sadly doesn't have such powerful marketing as some prescription pills do.
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Plus you have to put in the effort and that's not quite as appealing.
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But it's simply one of the best treatments we have for a lot of psychiatric problems.
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Dr John Ratey, the author of the book "Spark" says that exercise is like taking a little bit of Prozac and a little bit of Ritalin.
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For those who don't know Prozac is an antidepressant and Ritalin is used for treating patients with ADHD.
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It's already well known that exercise increases levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine.
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All are important neurotransmitters that affect thoughts and emotions.
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The drugs that just increase neurotransmitters, can leave you with many side effects.
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But when you exercise, your brain will not just increase the neurotransmitters, but it will also balance them.
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It's no secret that some women get crazy mood swings when it's their time of the month.
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But really it's not their fault, as their hormones are out of balance.
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Exercise will help tone down the negative consequences of hormonal changes and for others it will enhance the positive ones.
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But overall exercise has the most profound effect on learning.
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Right now the front of your brain is firing signals about what you're reading and listening to, and how much of it you soak up has a lot to do with whether there is a proper balance of neurochemicals and growth factors to bind neurons together.
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If you had half an hour of exercise this morning, you're in the right frame of mind to sit still and focus on this video, and your brain is far more equipped to remember more of it.
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A 2007 study found that people learn vocabulary words 20 percent faster after they exercise, compared to when they remain sedentary.
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This is all thanks to a protein called Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor also know as BDNF.
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BDNF nourishes brain cells and makes them grow.
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Just like a plant fertilizer supports plant growth, BDNF acts as a brain fertilizer.
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A 2013 study showed that just 20 to 40 minutes of aerobic exercise increased BDNF in the blood by 32%.
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This makes perfect sense in light of evolution.
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If we go back to our example of ancestors, the only reason we need an ability to learn is for the sake of survival.
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Basically to find food and shelter, or to remember which animals to avoid.
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Back in the day whenever we moved, it meant something important was going on.
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We had to escape from a predator or remember the path we took so we didn't get lost.
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However when we were resting, it meant nothing important was going on.
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We still have this ancient mechanism, so as far as our brains are concerned, if we're not moving, there's no reason to learn or remember anything.
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If you have an important exam coming up, you might want to take a run in the park before hitting the books.
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The boost of BDNF will help you absorb and retain more information.
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As I've mentioned before, exercise has the ability reduce a lot of our problems.
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But even if you don't have any issues and you think you're feeling great, there are still areas that can be improved.
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You can feel better than ever and learn faster than ever.
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If you imagine for a moment your life as a video game, you could consider exercise as a cheat code.
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But how can we get the best results with the least amount of time invested?
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Like I said, high intensity aerobic exercise is the best way to go.
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This involves running, jumping rope, anything to get your heart rate up all the way to 80% of its maximum rate.
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It's even better if the activity involves some complex motor movements, and it's not just putting one foot after the other.
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Good examples are tennis and dancing.
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Optimal daily dose of exercise seems to be 20 to 40 minutes in the morning.
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For some people the benefits last for the whole day, but for the majority they seem to last about 2-4 hours.
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This is why it might be a better idea to break it down in to smaller segments.
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So let's say you do 20 minutes of your core exercise in the morning and then exercise 2 times for 5 minutes throughout the day.
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This way you can extend the benefits.
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If you currently live a more sedentary lifestyle it's better to slowly build up to those times.
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40 minutes is just a recommendation and not a requirement.
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It's up to you to find your optimal dose, depending on your schedule and personal needs.
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All of this information about the brain and exercise was found in John Ratey's book "Spark".
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If you enjoyed the video and would like to learn more about this topic, you should check out the book.
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I highly recommend it and I've left a link for you in the description.
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After reading this book I've realized how important exercise really is, and not just for the body, but for the brain as well.
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This is why I've made exercise a core habit in my routine.
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Now when I wake up I always go for a run or use a jump rope to get my heart rate up and prime myself for the day.
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I feel more energy, less stress and I can tackle more information with less strain.
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I hope this video inspires you to do the same and you make exercise a core part of your daily life.
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Thanks for watching and don't stop improving until you've become better than yesterday.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau C1 s’appuie sur la vidéo « How Exercise Benefits Your Brain - Exercise and The Brain ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : exercise, brain, benefit, learn. Cette vidéo contient 95 phrases et 1548 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 10:11. Le locuteur parle à un rythme naturel d’environ 152 mots par minute, proche d’une conversation courante. 85 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| evolve verbe | /ɪˈvɑlv/ | élaborer |
| aerobic adjectif | /ɛəˈɹoʊ.bɪk/ | aérobique |
| neurotransmitter nom | neurotransmetteur | |
| sedentary adjectif | /ˈsɛd.ən.tɛɹ.i/ | sédentaire |
| distress nom | /dɪˈstɹɛs/ | détresse |
| ancestor nom | /ˈæn.sɛs.tɚ/ | ancêtre |
| inactivity nom | /ˌɪn.ækˈtɪ.vɪ.ti/ | inactivité |
| absorb verbe | /æbˈsɔɹb/ | absorber |
| optimal adjectif | /ˈɑptɪməl/ | optimal |
| pill nom | /pɪl/ | pilule, comprimé |
| rope nom | /ɹoʊp/ | corde |
| adaptable adjectif | /əˈdæptəbəl/ | adaptable |
| antidepressant nom | antidépresseur | |
| dopamine nom | /ˈdoʊ.pəˌmin/ | dopamine |
| endorphin nom | /ɛnˈdɔ(ɹ)fɪn/ | endorphine |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| check out verbe | mater, regarder | |
| come up verbe | se montrer, sortir du bois | |
| come up with verbe | inventer, imaginer | |
| wake up verbe | /ˌweɪk ˈʌp/ | se réveiller |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Phrases conditionnelles if + proposition, will/would + verbe — une condition et son résultat | If you enjoyed the video and would like |
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | were born · was required · was needed |
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | have basically removed · has become · It's been shown |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 22 contractions et formes réduites, comme don't, I've, you're. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: nourish /ˈnʌɹ.ɪʃ/, prescription /pɹəˈskɹɪp.ʃən/, recommendation /ˌɹɛkəmɛnˈdeɪʃən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: sedentary /ˈsɛd.ən.tɛɹ.i/, inactivity /ˌɪn.ækˈtɪ.vɪ.ti/, adaptable /əˈdæptəbəl/, eucalyptus /ˌjuː.kəˈlɪp.təs/, norepinephrine /ˌnɔːɹɛpɪˈnɛfɹɪn/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: hormonal /hɔɹˈmoʊnəl/, hormone /ˈhoɹmoʊn/, hail /heɪl/, enhance /ɪnˈhæns/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: digestive /daɪˈdʒɛstɪv/, mismatch /ˈmɪs.mæt͡ʃ/, cheat /ˈt͡ʃiːt/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: aerobic /ɛəˈɹoʊ.bɪk/, sedentary /ˈsɛd.ən.tɛɹ.i/, distress /dɪˈstɹɛs/, absorb /æbˈsɔɹb/, rope /ɹoʊp/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme evolve, aerobic, neurotransmitter.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.