跟讀練習: How Exercise Benefits Your Brain - Exercise and The Brain (animated) - 通過影片學習英語口語
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95 句
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We all know that exercise makes us feel better, but most of us have no idea why.
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We assume it's because we're burning off stress or boosting endorphins.
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But the real reason we feel so good when we exercise is that it makes the brain function at its best.
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And in my opinion this benefit is far more important than what it does for the body.
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Building muscles, conditioning the heart and lungs are essentially side effects.
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The real point of exercise is to build and condition the brain.
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In today's technology-driven, plasma-screened world, it's easy to forget that we were born to move.
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Nowadays we spend most of our time sitting behind a desk or lying on the couch, and we have basically removed movement from our lives.
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This has become a norm in the past century, but we must remember that didn't evolve for this type of sedentary lifestyle, we evolved as hunter-gatherers.
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Our ancestors had to walk five to ten miles on an average day, just to be able to eat.
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Since it takes tens of thousands of years for our biology to evolve, you can see there's a huge mismatch between our lifestyle and our genes.
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Today we no longer hunt and gather and not only is that a problem, but it poses one of the biggest threats to our continued survival.
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65 percent of America's adults are overweight or obese, and 10 percent of the population has type 2 diabetes, a preventable disease that stems from inactivity and poor nutrition.
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We're literally killing ourselves, and it's a problem throughout the developed world.
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What's even more disturbing is that inactivity is killing our brains, as well as physically shrinking them.
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Now you might be thinking, why would our brain shrink if we don't move as much.
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What we really need to ask ourselves, is why do we need a brain at all.
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You might say that we have brains to come up with ideas or to analyze different situations.
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But the answer is that only a mobile creature needs a brain.
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The brain's main purpose is to perform complex motor movements.
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For example a koala used to have a much bigger brain than it does now.
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However once it evolved its digestive system to survive on just eucalyptus leaves, it meant that less movement was required.
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Fewer complex movements, also meant less brain was needed, so the koala's brain physically shrunk.
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This is important information, because guess who's running the show.
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Your brain.
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The brain isn't a fixed organ that cannot be changed.
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It's adaptable and it can increase in size like any other muscle on your body.
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Or in the koala's case, decrease in size.
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So guess what turns out to be the best thing you can do for you brain today.
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That's right, physical exercise.
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Particularly high intensity aerobic exercise.
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Going to the gym and lifting weights every 10 minutes, like many powerlifters do, doesn't seem to have such a powerful impact, as high intensity exercise does.
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Powerlifting still benefits the brain, don't get me wrong, but to reap all the benefits, you need to get your heart rate, up to 80% of its maximum beats per minute.
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So what exactly are those brain benefits I speak of?
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Well, besides preventing your brain from shrinking you can expect an improved ability to learn and absorb new information.
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It's been shown that students with higher fitness scores also have higher test scores.
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Exercise also decreases depression and relieves stress.
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It even helps prevent cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease.
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If you're a woman, you can expect less mood swings.
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If exercise came in a pill form, it would be hailed as the drug of the century.
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However it sadly doesn't have such powerful marketing as some prescription pills do.
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Plus you have to put in the effort and that's not quite as appealing.
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But it's simply one of the best treatments we have for a lot of psychiatric problems.
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Dr John Ratey, the author of the book "Spark" says that exercise is like taking a little bit of Prozac and a little bit of Ritalin.
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For those who don't know Prozac is an antidepressant and Ritalin is used for treating patients with ADHD.
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It's already well known that exercise increases levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine.
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All are important neurotransmitters that affect thoughts and emotions.
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The drugs that just increase neurotransmitters, can leave you with many side effects.
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But when you exercise, your brain will not just increase the neurotransmitters, but it will also balance them.
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It's no secret that some women get crazy mood swings when it's their time of the month.
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But really it's not their fault, as their hormones are out of balance.
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Exercise will help tone down the negative consequences of hormonal changes and for others it will enhance the positive ones.
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But overall exercise has the most profound effect on learning.
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Right now the front of your brain is firing signals about what you're reading and listening to, and how much of it you soak up has a lot to do with whether there is a proper balance of neurochemicals and growth factors to bind neurons together.
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If you had half an hour of exercise this morning, you're in the right frame of mind to sit still and focus on this video, and your brain is far more equipped to remember more of it.
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A 2007 study found that people learn vocabulary words 20 percent faster after they exercise, compared to when they remain sedentary.
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This is all thanks to a protein called Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor also know as BDNF.
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BDNF nourishes brain cells and makes them grow.
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Just like a plant fertilizer supports plant growth, BDNF acts as a brain fertilizer.
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A 2013 study showed that just 20 to 40 minutes of aerobic exercise increased BDNF in the blood by 32%.
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This makes perfect sense in light of evolution.
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If we go back to our example of ancestors, the only reason we need an ability to learn is for the sake of survival.
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Basically to find food and shelter, or to remember which animals to avoid.
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Back in the day whenever we moved, it meant something important was going on.
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We had to escape from a predator or remember the path we took so we didn't get lost.
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However when we were resting, it meant nothing important was going on.
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We still have this ancient mechanism, so as far as our brains are concerned, if we're not moving, there's no reason to learn or remember anything.
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If you have an important exam coming up, you might want to take a run in the park before hitting the books.
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The boost of BDNF will help you absorb and retain more information.
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As I've mentioned before, exercise has the ability reduce a lot of our problems.
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But even if you don't have any issues and you think you're feeling great, there are still areas that can be improved.
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You can feel better than ever and learn faster than ever.
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If you imagine for a moment your life as a video game, you could consider exercise as a cheat code.
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But how can we get the best results with the least amount of time invested?
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Like I said, high intensity aerobic exercise is the best way to go.
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This involves running, jumping rope, anything to get your heart rate up all the way to 80% of its maximum rate.
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It's even better if the activity involves some complex motor movements, and it's not just putting one foot after the other.
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Good examples are tennis and dancing.
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Optimal daily dose of exercise seems to be 20 to 40 minutes in the morning.
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For some people the benefits last for the whole day, but for the majority they seem to last about 2-4 hours.
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This is why it might be a better idea to break it down in to smaller segments.
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So let's say you do 20 minutes of your core exercise in the morning and then exercise 2 times for 5 minutes throughout the day.
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This way you can extend the benefits.
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If you currently live a more sedentary lifestyle it's better to slowly build up to those times.
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40 minutes is just a recommendation and not a requirement.
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It's up to you to find your optimal dose, depending on your schedule and personal needs.
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All of this information about the brain and exercise was found in John Ratey's book "Spark".
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If you enjoyed the video and would like to learn more about this topic, you should check out the book.
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I highly recommend it and I've left a link for you in the description.
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After reading this book I've realized how important exercise really is, and not just for the body, but for the brain as well.
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This is why I've made exercise a core habit in my routine.
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Now when I wake up I always go for a run or use a jump rope to get my heart rate up and prime myself for the day.
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I feel more energy, less stress and I can tackle more information with less strain.
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I hope this video inspires you to do the same and you make exercise a core part of your daily life.
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Thanks for watching and don't stop improving until you've become better than yesterday.
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為什麼要通過這個影片練習口語？
在現代生活中，我們常常忽視運動對大腦的好處，這段影片詳細介紹了運動如何促進大腦功能。通過模仿影片中的發音和語調，您不僅可以提高您的英語口語能力，還能增強對運動與大腦健康之間關係的理解。使用shadow speech技巧可以幫助您更自然地掌握這些知識點。進行這樣的練習，不僅能提升您的語言表達，還能讓您在日常生活中更加自信地討論與健康和運動相關的話題。
語法與表達的語境分析
在這段影片中，講者使用了一些關鍵的語言結構，以下是一些值得關注的:
- 現在進行時：例如“we are burning off stress”，這種用法強調了正在進行的動作，對於描述現實生活中的現象非常有效。
- 條件句：如“if exercise came in a pill form”，這類句子幫助我們思考假設情況，使表達更為生動。
- 比較級：使用“better”來比較運動與其他因素的好處，可以加強觀點的說服力。
- 被動語態：例如“it has been shown that”，被動形式強調研究結果而非研究者，更客觀地傳達資訊。
掌握這些語法結構能大幅改善您的雅思口語練習成績，給您帶來更多的表達選擇。
常見發音陷阱
在這段影片中，某些單詞的發音可能會讓學習者感到困惑，特別是：
- “exercise”：此詞的重音在第一個音節，常常被誤讀。
- “cognitive” ：注意‘g’的發音，有些學習者容易忽略其母音音節。
- “preventable” ：此單詞中的近似音節需要清晰發音，以保證聽眾理解。
與影片進行shadow speak練習時，專注於這些發音細節，能幫助您更自信地在對話中表達自己。
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 條件句 if + 從句，will/would + 動詞 — 條件及其結果 | If you enjoyed the video and would like |
| 被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的 | were born · was required · was needed |
| 現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事 | has become · It's been shown · I've mentioned |
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。