Pratique du Shadowing: Iran's strongest weapon - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo

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Since the US and Israel launched strikes on Iran in February, the Strait of Hormuz has become the flashpoint of the regional conflict in the Middle East.
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President Trump today repeated his demand for Iran to reopen the Strait of Hormuz.
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A whole civilization could die tonight unless Iran agrees to reopen the critical Strait of Hormuz.
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Back in 2019, we actually published a video piece
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that explained why this narrow strip of waterway has been at the center of tensions between the US and Iran for years.
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It ended with this line.
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Each run-in has the risk of escalating into war.
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One that could disrupt the jugular of the global economy in the process.
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Now that war is here.
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Thousands have been killed and millions of lives disrupted as violence has exploded across the region.
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All of us on the planet are directly tied to the Strait of Hormuz through inflation,
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through transport prices, through any imports we get, and also through our food chain.
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So let's revisit the Strait of Hormuz to explain why the
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strip of water has become Iran's most effective weapon to inflict pain on the global economy and take control of the war.
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20% of the world's crude oil flows through the Strait of Hormuz.
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A lot of it goes to Asia, but the drop in global supply during the straits closure has
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driven up the price of oil to over $100 a barrel at its peak, up from about $70 a barrel before the war.
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In the US, that means that the national average price of gas has spiked to over $4 a gallon.
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But it's not just oil that moves through the Strait of Hormuz.
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The Rose in the Strait has just cut off a major source of supply of natural resources,
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so energy resources and fertilizer and metals and sulfur,
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other products, helium gas that the global economy desperately needs.
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And there is still no clear path to reopening it.
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Iran can't realistically compete with the US and Israel in a direct military confrontation, So their strongest weapon is control over the Strait of Hormuz.
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The Strait of Hormuz was shockingly easy to close.
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So the start of the war caused insurance companies to put
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a hold on insurance for ships moving into the Persian Gulf through the Strait of Hormuz.
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You had this sort of steady pace of, you know, sort of drumbeat of attacks on ships.
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And that's been enough to keep the Strait all but closed to ships that don't have Iran's permission to travel through.
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Trump knows that the U.S and its allies are feeling the pain, and he has swung between different strategies and demands to reopen the strait.
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He put out this statement saying if Iran doesn't open it immediately, we're going to bomb oil plants, desalination plants, etc., etc. And today, he's saying really the exact opposite,
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that we don't need the strait open.
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It's not our problem.
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But Iran seems intent on continuing to use the Strait of Hormuz as a high-value bargaining chip.
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They seem to be hanging on to control over the Strait of Hormuz, which in the short run is a major win for them.
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Oil exports are actually higher now than they've been in a couple of years.
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For a lot of those exports, Iran will get a really high price.
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All that adds up to is to a big increase in oil revenues for Iran.
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The longer the US holds out, the longer it will shoulder the blame for starving the global economy of essential items.
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Nobody knows where Iran's inflection point lies.
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It's been a remarkable amount of pain that Iran has been able to withstand.
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Keeping the strait closed, kind of keeping the pressure on the global economy to indirectly pressure the United States.
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I'd say Iran's been remarkably successful in this.
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Trump's threats to destroy civilian infrastructure
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if Iran doesn't permanently reopen the strait might also not be as effective as he thinks they are.
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There is very little the U.S can do,
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you know, short of a full-scale invasion of the country to keep that strait open against Iranian political wishes.
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Opening the strait wasn't the main U.S objective when the war started.
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It was already open.
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But now that it is closed, Iran can put pressure on the U.S back off its stated goals like dismantling or restricting Iran's nuclear program.
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That could make things tough for Trump as he negotiates over the strait.
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The president needs an off-ramp for the war in Iran as casualties mount
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and its unpopularity drags down his approval ratings in a crucial midterm election year.
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The US seems to be looking, really, fairly desperately for ways to extract itself from this.
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The lowest acceptable solution is just to reopen the strait and get some kind of Iranian agreement to allow ships through there.
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However this ends, Iran has proven how essential this waterway is to the well-being of the global economy
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and how many losses they're willing to endure just to keep it under their control.

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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon

Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau B2 s’appuie sur la vidéo « Iran's strongest weapon ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : strait, Iran, Hormuz, global, economy. Cette vidéo contient 57 phrases et 853 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 5:19. Le locuteur parle à un rythme naturel d’environ 160 mots par minute, proche d’une conversation courante. Seuls 81 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.

Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo

Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :

MotPrononciationSens
strait nom/stɹeɪt/détroit
reopen verbe/ɹiːˈəʊpən/rouvrir, réouvrir
waterway nom/ˈwɔːtəweɪ/voie navigable
disrupt verbe/dɪsˈɹʌpt/perturber, déranger
desperately adverbe/ˈdɛs.p(ə.)ɹət.li/désespérément
barrel nom/ˈbæɹəl/tonneau, barrique
desalination nom/diːˌsælɪˈneɪʃən/dessalement, dessalage
dismantle verbe/dɪsˈmæntəl/démonter, démanteler
drumbeat nombattement de tambour
escalate verbe/ˈɛs.kə.leɪt/intensifier
helium nom/ˈhiː.li.əm/hélium
inflection nom/ɪnˈflɛkʃən/flexion
inflict verbe/ɪnˈflɪkt/infliger
jugular adjectif/ˈd͡ʒʌɡ.jəl.ɚ/jugulaire
midterm adjectif/ˈmɪdˌtɚm/mi-mandat, mi-session

Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez

MotPrononciationSens
back off verbereculer
cut off verbe/ˌkʌt ˈɔf/ [ˌkɐɾ ˈɔf]tailler, couper
hold out verbeattendre

La grammaire de cette vidéo

Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :

StructureDans la vidéo
Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenanthas become · has been · have been killed
Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le faithave been killed · is closed

Prononciation à surveiller

Le locuteur utilise 10 contractions et formes réduites, comme doesn't, don't, can't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.

  • Les sons « sh » et « zh »: desalination /diːˌsælɪˈneɪʃən/, inflection /ɪnˈflɛkʃən/, casualty /ˈkæʒu.əlti/, confrontation /ˌkɑn.fɹənˈteɪ.ʃən/, negotiate /nəˈɡəʊ.ʃi.eɪt/
  • Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: desperately /ˈdɛs.p(ə.)ɹət.li/, desalination /diːˌsælɪˈneɪʃən/, unpopularity /ˌʌnˌpɒpjʊˈlæɹɪti/, casualty /ˈkæʒu.əlti/, indirectly /ˌɪn.dɪˈɹɛk(t).li/

Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :

  • /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: jugular /ˈd͡ʒʌɡ.jəl.ɚ/, endure /ɪnˈd͡ʒʊə(ɹ)/
  • /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: strait /stɹeɪt/, reopen /ɹiːˈəʊpən/, disrupt /dɪsˈɹʌpt/, desperately /ˈdɛs.p(ə.)ɹət.li/, barrel /ˈbæɹəl/

Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo

  1. Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
  2. Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
  3. Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme strait, reopen, waterway.

Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?

Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.

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