Практика Shadowing: Iran's strongest weapon - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
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57 предложений
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Since the US and Israel launched strikes on Iran in February, the Strait of Hormuz has become the flashpoint of the regional conflict in the Middle East.
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President Trump today repeated his demand for Iran to reopen the Strait of Hormuz.
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A whole civilization could die tonight unless Iran agrees to reopen the critical Strait of Hormuz.
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Back in 2019, we actually published a video piece
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that explained why this narrow strip of waterway has been at the center of tensions between the US and Iran for years.
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It ended with this line.
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Each run-in has the risk of escalating into war.
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One that could disrupt the jugular of the global economy in the process.
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Now that war is here.
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Thousands have been killed and millions of lives disrupted as violence has exploded across the region.
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All of us on the planet are directly tied to the Strait of Hormuz through inflation,
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through transport prices, through any imports we get, and also through our food chain.
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So let's revisit the Strait of Hormuz to explain why the
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strip of water has become Iran's most effective weapon to inflict pain on the global economy and take control of the war.
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20% of the world's crude oil flows through the Strait of Hormuz.
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A lot of it goes to Asia, but the drop in global supply during the straits closure has
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driven up the price of oil to over $100 a barrel at its peak, up from about $70 a barrel before the war.
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In the US, that means that the national average price of gas has spiked to over $4 a gallon.
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But it's not just oil that moves through the Strait of Hormuz.
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The Rose in the Strait has just cut off a major source of supply of natural resources,
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so energy resources and fertilizer and metals and sulfur,
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other products, helium gas that the global economy desperately needs.
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And there is still no clear path to reopening it.
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Iran can't realistically compete with the US and Israel in a direct military confrontation, So their strongest weapon is control over the Strait of Hormuz.
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The Strait of Hormuz was shockingly easy to close.
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So the start of the war caused insurance companies to put
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a hold on insurance for ships moving into the Persian Gulf through the Strait of Hormuz.
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You had this sort of steady pace of, you know, sort of drumbeat of attacks on ships.
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And that's been enough to keep the Strait all but closed to ships that don't have Iran's permission to travel through.
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Trump knows that the U.S and its allies are feeling the pain, and he has swung between different strategies and demands to reopen the strait.
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He put out this statement saying if Iran doesn't open it immediately, we're going to bomb oil plants, desalination plants, etc., etc. And today, he's saying really the exact opposite,
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that we don't need the strait open.
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It's not our problem.
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But Iran seems intent on continuing to use the Strait of Hormuz as a high-value bargaining chip.
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They seem to be hanging on to control over the Strait of Hormuz, which in the short run is a major win for them.
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Oil exports are actually higher now than they've been in a couple of years.
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For a lot of those exports, Iran will get a really high price.
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All that adds up to is to a big increase in oil revenues for Iran.
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The longer the US holds out, the longer it will shoulder the blame for starving the global economy of essential items.
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Nobody knows where Iran's inflection point lies.
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It's been a remarkable amount of pain that Iran has been able to withstand.
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Keeping the strait closed, kind of keeping the pressure on the global economy to indirectly pressure the United States.
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I'd say Iran's been remarkably successful in this.
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Trump's threats to destroy civilian infrastructure
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if Iran doesn't permanently reopen the strait might also not be as effective as he thinks they are.
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There is very little the U.S can do,
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you know, short of a full-scale invasion of the country to keep that strait open against Iranian political wishes.
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Opening the strait wasn't the main U.S objective when the war started.
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It was already open.
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But now that it is closed, Iran can put pressure on the U.S back off its stated goals like dismantling or restricting Iran's nuclear program.
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That could make things tough for Trump as he negotiates over the strait.
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The president needs an off-ramp for the war in Iran as casualties mount
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and its unpopularity drags down his approval ratings in a crucial midterm election year.
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The US seems to be looking, really, fairly desperately for ways to extract itself from this.
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The lowest acceptable solution is just to reopen the strait and get some kind of Iranian agreement to allow ships through there.
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However this ends, Iran has proven how essential this waterway is to the well-being of the global economy
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and how many losses they're willing to endure just to keep it under their control.
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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
Этот урок разговорной практики уровня B2 построен на видео «Iran's strongest weapon». Чаще всего повторяются слова: strait, Iran, Hormuz, global, economy. В этом видео 57 предложений и 853 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 5:19. Говорящий говорит в естественном темпе, около 160 слов в минуту, близком к повседневной речи. Только 81% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка, поэтому лексика сложная.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
Самые сложные слова из видео (15), с произношением и значением:
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| strait существительное | /stɹeɪt/ | проли́в, прото́к |
| reopen глагол | /ɹiːˈəʊpən/ | переоткрывать |
| waterway существительное | /ˈwɔːtəweɪ/ | фарва́тер, во́дный путь |
| desperately наречие | /ˈdɛs.p(ə.)ɹət.li/ | отча́янно |
| barrel существительное | /ˈbæɹəl/ | бо́чка |
| desalination существительное | /diːˌsælɪˈneɪʃən/ | опресне́ние, десалиниза́ция |
| dismantle глагол | /dɪsˈmæntəl/ | разбира́ть, разобра́ть |
| drumbeat существительное | бараба́нный бой, бараба́нная дробь | |
| escalate глагол | /ˈɛs.kə.leɪt/ | обостря́ть, углубля́ть |
| helium существительное | /ˈhiː.li.əm/ | ге́лий |
| inflection существительное | /ɪnˈflɛkʃən/ | фле́ксия, оконча́ние |
| inflict глагол | /ɪnˈflɪkt/ | наноси́ть, причиня́ть |
| jugular прилагательное | /ˈd͡ʒʌɡ.jəl.ɚ/ | ше́йный |
| midterm прилагательное | /ˈmɪdˌtɚm/ | среднесро́чный |
| realistically наречие | реалисти́чно |
Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| back off глагол | отступа́ть | |
| cut off глагол | /ˌkʌt ˈɔf/ [ˌkɐɾ ˈɔf] | отреза́ть, отре́зать |
| hold out глагол | протянуть | |
| put out глагол | выкла́дывать, вы́ложить |
Грамматика в этом видео
Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:
| Конструкция | В видео |
|---|---|
| Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас | has become · has been · have been killed |
| Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает | have been killed · is closed |
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
Говорящий использует 10 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например doesn't, don't, can't. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: desalination /diːˌsælɪˈneɪʃən/, inflection /ɪnˈflɛkʃən/, casualty /ˈkæʒu.əlti/, confrontation /ˌkɑn.fɹənˈteɪ.ʃən/, negotiate /nəˈɡəʊ.ʃi.eɪt/
- Длинные слова — следите за ударением: desperately /ˈdɛs.p(ə.)ɹət.li/, desalination /diːˌsælɪˈneɪʃən/, unpopularity /ˌʌnˌpɒpjʊˈlæɹɪti/, casualty /ˈkæʒu.əlti/, indirectly /ˌɪn.dɪˈɹɛk(t).li/
Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:
- /w/ — губы округлены, это не /v/: waterway /ˈwɔːtəweɪ/, withstand /wɪðˈstænd/
- Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: starve /stɑɹv/, withstand /wɪðˈstænd/, explode /ɪkˈsploʊd/, crude /kɹuːd/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Начните со скорости 0,75×, повторяйте предложение за предложением и вернитесь к обычной скорости, когда станет легко.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как strait, reopen, waterway.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.