Pratique du Shadowing: Jatropha: a new biofuel: Đề thi IELTS LISTENING (actual test) - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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56 phrases
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Good afternoon.
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As you know, the world is running out of fossil fuels, that is crude oil, coal and natural gas.
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As an alternative, certain plants are now being considered as biofuels, which are fuels made from organic plant material.
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These are possible sources of energy once the fossil fuels have gone forever.
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Well, one such plant goes by the name of Jatropha.
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It was first a native of Central America, and it's now found across the world.
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A few things that make this plant especially attractive is that it can survive in very poor quality,
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infertile soil, as it does for example alongside train tracks in India, on the line between Mumbai and Delhi.
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And for up to three years, it's resistant to drought.
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That's right, it can do without rain for that long.
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And even if it's not actually a plant that people can eat, it's still worth having it on your land as it prevents erosion.
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And we looked at the dangerous consequences of that in a previous lecture.
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Furthermore, jettifer seeds can be slowly distilled to produce diesel oil.
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And it's this kind of fuel, of course, that's of interest to scientists and power companies.
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After processing, the seeds can yield up to four times the oil that soybean can
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and 10 times the amount compared to corn.
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So you can see why it's causing such interest.
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And not much is wasted in the processing procedure either.
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After the oil has been extracted from the seeds, the residue is processed into biomass, which can run power stations,
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which in turn can provide electricity for thousands of local homes.
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Also, whereas our fossil fuels cannot be replaced, the energy produced by biofuels such as Jatropha is renewable.
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It's not going to run out because the plants just go on growing.
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There's no doubt that it is a remarkable plant and one that has been very beneficial to man.
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In various African communities it's been used to operate water pumps and refrigerate medicines.
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It can be used to produce candles or as a fencing plant to keep some animals enclosed and some animals out.
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It can also treat a number of health problems, for example the boiled leaves can do much to relieve the suffering of of people with malaria,
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and some Jatropha species have seeds which are used to treat digestion problems.
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Anyway, that's not what the European corporations who are buying vast amounts of land for Jatropha plantations are focusing on.
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They claim that people who are dependent on rural economies will benefit from growing Jatropha,
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and that it will help them bring an end to poverty by providing a long-term local industry.
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They also point out that few or no modifications would be necessary in modern diesel engines,
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since they were originally designed to run on biofuels such as peanut oil and ethanol anyway.
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Of course, when the plants are burnt they release carbon dioxide, but they absorb great amounts when they're growing,
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making them a considerably greener alternative to fossil fuels.
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But not everyone shares the excitement over Jatropha, nor other biofuels.
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In Western Australia, Jatropha has in fact been banned since the seeds of some species are toxic,
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and it only takes three or four to kill a person, and animals are also very vulnerable.
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Furthermore, skeptics also point out that as there are many species of Jatropha, its oil productivity is unreliable.
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Aside from this, critics of Jatropha and other biofuels claim
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that farmers now have a strong economic incentive to grow them rather than food crops.
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Poor countries would be particularly affected
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because they would have to rely on imported foods to survive
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and people would end up having to pay greatly inflated prices for basic foods.
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There's also the concern over environmental damage.
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In order to provide land for palm oil or sugarcane plantations,
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for instance, companies are cutting down vast areas of rainforest which can never be replaced,
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and this in turn results in the disappearance of wildlife which depended on that habitat.
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You can also imagine that such deforestation makes a considerable contribution to global warming.
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Furthermore, opponents also reject the idea that biofuels are a carbon neutral source of energy.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette vidéo contient 56 phrases et 717 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 8:07. Le locuteur parle lentement, environ 88 mots par minute, ce qui laisse le temps d’imiter chaque son. Seuls 80 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
15 mots moins courants de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
- seed /siːd/ (nom) — semence, graine. Any propagative portion of a plant which may be sown, such as true seeds, seed-like fruits, tubers, or bulbs.
- fossil /ˈfɑsl̩/ (nom) — fossile. The mineralized remains of an animal or plant.
- furthermore /ˈfɜː(ɹ).ðə(ɹ)ˌmɔː(ɹ)/ (adverbe) — de plus, en plus en outre. In addition; besides; further; what's more (i.e. to denote additional information).
- vast /væst/ (adjectif) — vaste, immense. Very large or wide (literally or figuratively).
- diesel /ˈdisəl/ (nom) — diésel, gazole. A fuel derived from petroleum (or other oils) but heavier than gasoline/petrol. Used to power diesel engines which burn this fuel using the heat produced when…
- plantation /plænˈteɪʃən/ (nom) — plantation. A large farm; estate or area of land designated for agricultural growth. Often includes housing for the owner and workers.
- poverty /ˈpɑːvɚti/ (nom) — pauvreté. The quality or state of being poor; lack of money
- alongside /əˌlɔŋˈsaɪd/ — à côté de, le long de. Side by side with.
- compare /kəmˈpɛɚ/ (verbe) — comparer. To assess the similarities and differences between two or more things [“to compare X with Y”]. Having made the comparison of X with Y, one might have found it…
- suffer /ˈsʌfɚ/ (verbe) — souffrir. To undergo hardship.
- procedure /pɹəˈsiː.d͡ʒə/ (nom) — procédé, procédure. A particular method for performing a task.
- soil /sɔɪl/ (nom) — sol, terre. A mixture of mineral particles and organic material, used to support plant growth.
- whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/ — tandis que, alors que. In contrast; whilst on the contrary; although.
- organic /ɔːˈɡænɪk/ (adjectif) — organique. Pertaining to or derived from living organisms.
- contribution /ˌkɑntɹɪˈbjuʃən/ (nom) — contribution. Something given or offered that adds to a larger whole.
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
- point out (verbe) — pointer. To identify among a group of similar subjects, or in a scene where the subject might not be readily seen or noticed, with a gesture of the body.
- cut down (verbe) — abattre. To cut downward.
- end up (verbe) — se terminer, se finir. To bring to a conclusion.
- go by (verbe) — passer, ignorer. To pass or go past without much interaction.
- go on /ˈɡoʊˌɒn/ (verbe) — continuer. To continue in extent.
- look at (verbe) — regarder. To observe or watch.
- rely on (verbe) — se fier à, compter sur. To be confident in.
- run out (verbe) — épuiser, être à court. To use up or consume all
Prononciation à surveiller
- Les sons « th »: furthermore /ˈfɜː(ɹ).ðə(ɹ)ˌmɔː(ɹ)/, ethanol /ˈɛθ.ə.nɑl/
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: plantation /plænˈteɪʃən/, contribution /ˌkɑntɹɪˈbjuʃən/, beneficial /ˌbɛn.ɪˈfɪʃ.əl/, modification /ˌmɑdɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/, erosion /ɪˈɹəʊʒən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: electricity /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/, contribution /ˌkɑntɹɪˈbjuʃən/, considerable /kənˈsɪdəɹəbl̩/, productivity /ˌpɹɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/, beneficial /ˌbɛn.ɪˈfɪʃ.əl/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme seed, fossil, furthermore.
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | being considered · is wasted · has been extracted |
| Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose | biofuels, which are · biomass, which can · seeds which are |
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | have gone · has been extracted · has been |
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.