Pratique du Shadowing: I10T4S4 - Nanotechnology - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo

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40 phrases
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Today we’re going to look at an important area of science, namely nanotechnology.
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So what is it?
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Nano means tiny, so it’s science and engineering on the scale of atoms and molecules.
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The idea is that by controlling and rearranging atoms, you can literally create anything.
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However, as we’ll see, the science of the small has some big implications affecting us in many ways.
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There’s no doubt that nanotechnology promises so much for civilisation.
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However, all new technologies have their teething problems.
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And with nanotechnology, society often gets the wrong idea about its capabilities.
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Numerous science-fiction books and movies have raised people's fears about nanotechnology - with scenarios such as inserting little nano-robots into your body that monitor everything you do without you realising it, or self-replicating nano-robots that eventually take over the world.
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So how do we safeguard such a potentially powerful technology?
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Some scientists recommend that nano-particles be treated as new chemicals with separate safety tests and clear labelling.
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They believe that greater care should also be taken with nano-particles in laboratories and factories.
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Others have called for a withdrawal of new nano products such as cosmetics and a temporary halt to many kinds of nanotech research.
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But as far as I’m concerned there's a need to plough ahead with the discoveries and applications of nanotechnology.
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I really believe that most scientists would welcome a way to guard against unethical uses of such technology.
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We can’t go around thinking that all innovation is bad, all advancement is bad.
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As with the debate about any new technology, it is how you use it that’s important.
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So let’s look at some of its possible uses.
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Thanks to nanotechnology, there could be a major breakthrough in the field of transportationwith the production of more durable metals.
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These could be virtually unbreakable, lighter and much more pliable leading to planes that are 50 times lighter than at present.
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Those same improved capabilities will dramatically reduce the cost of travelling into space making it more accessible to ordinary people and opening up a totally new holiday destination.
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In terms of technology, the computer industry will be able to shrink computer parts down to minute sizes.
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We need nanotechnology in order to create a new generation of computers that will work even faster and will have a million times more memory but will be about the size of a sugar cube.
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Nanotechnology could also revolutionise the way that we generate power.
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The cost of solar cells will be drastically reduced so harnessing this energy will be far more economical than at present.
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But nanotechnology has much wider applications than this and could have an enormous impact on our environment.
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For instance, tiny airborne nano-robots could be programmed to actually rebuild the ozone layer, which could lessen the impact of global warming on our planet.
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That’s a pretty amazing thought, isn’t it?
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On a more local scale, this new technology could help with the clean-up of environmental disasters as nanotechnology will allow us to remove oil and other contaminants from the water far more effectively.
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And, if nanotechnology progresses as expected - as a sort of building block set of about 90 atoms - then you could build anything you wanted from the bottom up.
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In terms of production, this means that you only use what you need and so there wouldn't be any waste.
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The notion that you could create anything at all has major implications for our health.
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It means that we’ll eventually be able to replicate anything.
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This would have a phenomenal effect on our society.
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In time it could even lead to the eradication of famine through the introduction of machines that produce food to feed the hungry.
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But it’s in the area of medicine that nanotechnology may have its biggest impact.
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How we detect disease will change as tiny biosensors are developed to analyse tests in minutes rather than days.
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There’s even speculation nano-robots could be used to slow the ageing process, lengthening life expectancy.
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As you can see, I’m very excited by the implications that could be available to us in the next few decades.
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Just how long it’ll take, I honestly don't know.

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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon

Cette vidéo contient 40 phrases et 699 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 5:28. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 128 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. Seuls 81 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.

Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo

15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :

MotPrononciationSens
robot nom/ˈɹoʊ.bɑt/robot
atom nom/ˈætəm/atome
hungry adjectif/ˈhʌŋ.ɡɹi/affamé, avoir faim
scientist nom/ˈsaɪəntəst/scientifique, savant
capability nom/ˌkeɪ.pəˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/capacité
particle nom/ˈpɑɹtək(ə)l/particule
replicate verbe/ˈɹɛplɪkeɪt/répliquer
temporary adjectif/ˈtɛmp(əˌɹ)ɛɹi/temporaire, provisoire
discovery nom/dɪˈskʌv.ɹi/découverte
fiction nom/ˈfɪkʃən/fiction, belles-lettres
label nom/ˈleɪ.bəl/étiquette, libellé
ordinary adjectif/ˈɔɹdɪnɛɹi/ordinaire
layer nom/ˈleɪ̯ɚ/couche
disaster nom/dɪˈzɑːs.təː/désastre, catastrophe
potentially adverbe/pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/potentiellement

Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez

MotSens
open up verbeouvrir
take over verbereprendre

La grammaire de cette vidéo

Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :

StructureDans la vidéo
Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le faitbe treated · be taken · could be programmed
Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenanthave raised · have called

Prononciation à surveiller

Le locuteur utilise 10 contractions et formes réduites, comme I'm, we'll, can't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.

  • Les sons « th »: withdrawal /wɪðˈdɹɔ(ə)l/, breakthrough /ˈbɹeɪk.θɹuː/, lengthen /ˈlɛŋθən/, teethe /tiːð/, unethical /ʌnˈɛθɪkəl/
  • Les sons « sh » et « zh »: implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/, fiction /ˈfɪkʃən/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, innovation /ˌɪn.əˈveɪ.ʃən/, destination /dɛstɪˈneɪʃən/
  • Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/, capability /ˌkeɪ.pəˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/, temporary /ˈtɛmp(əˌɹ)ɛɹi/, ordinary /ˈɔɹdɪnɛɹi/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/

Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo

  1. Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
  2. Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
  3. Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme robot, atom, hungry.

Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?

Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.

Technique du shadowing : lire le guide complet étape par étape →