Prática de Shadowing: I10T4S4 - Nanotechnology - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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Today we’re going to look at an important area of science, namely nanotechnology.
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So what is it?
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Nano means tiny, so it’s science and engineering on the scale of atoms and molecules.
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The idea is that by controlling and rearranging atoms, you can literally create anything.
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However, as we’ll see, the science of the small has some big implications affecting us in many ways.
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There’s no doubt that nanotechnology promises so much for civilisation.
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However, all new technologies have their teething problems.
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And with nanotechnology, society often gets the wrong idea about its capabilities.
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Numerous science-fiction books and movies have raised people's fears about nanotechnology - with scenarios such as inserting little nano-robots into your body that monitor everything you do without you realising it, or self-replicating nano-robots that eventually take over the world.
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So how do we safeguard such a potentially powerful technology?
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Some scientists recommend that nano-particles be treated as new chemicals with separate safety tests and clear labelling.
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They believe that greater care should also be taken with nano-particles in laboratories and factories.
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Others have called for a withdrawal of new nano products such as cosmetics and a temporary halt to many kinds of nanotech research.
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But as far as I’m concerned there's a need to plough ahead with the discoveries and applications of nanotechnology.
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I really believe that most scientists would welcome a way to guard against unethical uses of such technology.
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We can’t go around thinking that all innovation is bad, all advancement is bad.
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As with the debate about any new technology, it is how you use it that’s important.
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So let’s look at some of its possible uses.
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Thanks to nanotechnology, there could be a major breakthrough in the field of transportationwith the production of more durable metals.
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These could be virtually unbreakable, lighter and much more pliable leading to planes that are 50 times lighter than at present.
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Those same improved capabilities will dramatically reduce the cost of travelling into space making it more accessible to ordinary people and opening up a totally new holiday destination.
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In terms of technology, the computer industry will be able to shrink computer parts down to minute sizes.
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We need nanotechnology in order to create a new generation of computers that will work even faster and will have a million times more memory but will be about the size of a sugar cube.
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Nanotechnology could also revolutionise the way that we generate power.
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The cost of solar cells will be drastically reduced so harnessing this energy will be far more economical than at present.
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But nanotechnology has much wider applications than this and could have an enormous impact on our environment.
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For instance, tiny airborne nano-robots could be programmed to actually rebuild the ozone layer, which could lessen the impact of global warming on our planet.
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That’s a pretty amazing thought, isn’t it?
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On a more local scale, this new technology could help with the clean-up of environmental disasters as nanotechnology will allow us to remove oil and other contaminants from the water far more effectively.
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And, if nanotechnology progresses as expected - as a sort of building block set of about 90 atoms - then you could build anything you wanted from the bottom up.
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In terms of production, this means that you only use what you need and so there wouldn't be any waste.
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The notion that you could create anything at all has major implications for our health.
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It means that we’ll eventually be able to replicate anything.
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This would have a phenomenal effect on our society.
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In time it could even lead to the eradication of famine through the introduction of machines that produce food to feed the hungry.
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But it’s in the area of medicine that nanotechnology may have its biggest impact.
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How we detect disease will change as tiny biosensors are developed to analyse tests in minutes rather than days.
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There’s even speculation nano-robots could be used to slow the ageing process, lengthening life expectancy.
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As you can see, I’m very excited by the implications that could be available to us in the next few decades.
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Just how long it’ll take, I honestly don't know.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Este vídeo tem 40 frases e 699 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 5:28. O falante mantém um ritmo estável de cerca de 128 palavras por minuto, confortável para o shadowing. Apenas 81% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| robot substantivo | /ˈɹoʊ.bɑt/ | robot, robô |
| atom substantivo | /ˈætəm/ | átomo |
| hungry adjetivo | /ˈhʌŋ.ɡɹi/ | faminto, com fome |
| scientist substantivo | /ˈsaɪəntəst/ | cientista |
| capability substantivo | /ˌkeɪ.pəˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/ | capacidade |
| particle substantivo | /ˈpɑɹtək(ə)l/ | partícula |
| replicate verbo | /ˈɹɛplɪkeɪt/ | replicar |
| temporary adjetivo | /ˈtɛmp(əˌɹ)ɛɹi/ | temporário |
| discovery substantivo | /dɪˈskʌv.ɹi/ | descoberta |
| fiction substantivo | /ˈfɪkʃən/ | literatura de ficção, ficção |
| label substantivo | /ˈleɪ.bəl/ | etiqueta, rótulo |
| ordinary adjetivo | /ˈɔɹdɪnɛɹi/ | ordinário, normal |
| layer substantivo | /ˈleɪ̯ɚ/ | camada |
| disaster substantivo | /dɪˈzɑːs.təː/ | desastre |
| potentially advérbio | /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/ | potencialmente |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Significado |
|---|---|
| take over verbo | tomar posse de, apoderar-se de |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | be treated · be taken · could be programmed |
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | have raised · have called |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 10 contrações e formas reduzidas, como I'm, we'll, can't. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “th”: withdrawal /wɪðˈdɹɔ(ə)l/, breakthrough /ˈbɹeɪk.θɹuː/, lengthen /ˈlɛŋθən/, teethe /tiːð/, unethical /ʌnˈɛθɪkəl/
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/, fiction /ˈfɪkʃən/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, innovation /ˌɪn.əˈveɪ.ʃən/, destination /dɛstɪˈneɪʃən/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/, capability /ˌkeɪ.pəˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/, temporary /ˈtɛmp(əˌɹ)ɛɹi/, ordinary /ˈɔɹdɪnɛɹi/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como robot, atom, hungry.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.