Pratique du Shadowing: Can trees save the planet? | DW Documentary - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
Création de la leçon...
1
Forests are essential to life on Earth.
2
They are home to 80% of plant and land animal species and regulate the water cycle.
3
They capture and store a large part of our CO2 emissions, which are the major cause of climate change.
4
But the forests are in peril.
5
continues and droughts and wildfires are becoming more and more severe.
6
But this ecological crisis could have an almost miraculous solution.
7
Hi, I'm Sion.
8
Hi, I'm Beverly.
9
And I'm Gervais.
10
And together with our friends, we are going to show you how to...
11
...bride a tree!
12
In the last decade or
13
so I started to hear a lot more in the news media about planting trees
14
and growing trees as a sort of solution to a lot of problems that people were facing in the world.
15
Planting trees is always the perfect photo opportunity.
16
photos stay in the public eye long after the photographer has left.
17
Today we will be planting 20 million trees.
18
Two billion trees.
19
It's part of our plan for a clean, green future.
20
Today I'm pleased to announce the United States will join one trillion trees initiative.
21
Trees are really popular because people really like nature in general.
22
And planting a tree is an investment in a better future.
23
But I also think that there is a hype and there is a kind of dark side to this tree planting.
24
Planting a tree is easy and inexpensive and seemingly the perfect ecological gesture.
25
But is it really a panacea for our planet?
26
Could widespread tree planting do more harm than good?
27
It's a 21st century trend.
28
To combat the threats to our forests, countries are vying to make the most impressive promises.
29
More than 140 governments pledged to halt and reverse deforestation by 2030 at the UN Climate Conference in Glasgow in 2021.
30
Let's work together, not just to protect the forests, but also to ensure that the forests return.
31
Thank you very much.
32
Thank you so much.
33
China and Brazil have made some of the most ambitious commitments to forest restoration.
34
But many of these plans promote the expansion of monocultures.
35
Simon Lewis and his team have investigated what lies behind these pledges.
36
There has been a big focus on forest restoration.
37
And when I looked at these pledges that countries were making,
38
I saw that many of them were not the kind of restoration that people had in mind of beautiful,
39
high biodiversity, permanently protected forests.
40
They were commercial plantations to grow fast-growing crops, cut them down after a few years,
41
and pass those trees to the pulp and paper industry.
42
And that's not reforestation that people have in their minds when they see these campaigns to say, let's plant trees.
43
Industrial plantations are growing worldwide, driven by global demand and by public policies favoring their expansion.
44
Matthew Fagan is the first scientist to map this phenomenon.
45
A lot of my work is around mapping forests, understanding why forests are changing and looking at the human landscapes that surround them and affect them.
46
We gathered up a lot of satellite images.
47
We gathered up a lot of publicly available data and where tree plantations are and tried to track a tree plantation expansion.
48
They were everywhere.
49
Between 1990 and 2000, it grew by like 50%.
50
China has doubled its tree cover in 40 years, primarily by planting vast monocultures of temperate tree species.
51
India, same thing on a tropical scale.
52
Their area and their dominance and their replacement of natural forest has been growing like this in recent years.
53
What is the significance of these huge industrial tree plantations?
54
Brazil is home to some of the world's largest, but most are monocultures grown for pulp.
55
Susano is one of the world's leading pulp producers.
56
Its operation covers an area the size of Belgium.
57
Douglas Lazareti leads the group's forestry operations, including the tree nursery.
58
We are here at the Trexlagoas nursery with a capacity of 35 million seedlings per year.
59
That seems like a lot,
60
but the number of seedlings you see here is just what Suzano plants every day in Brazil.
61
We plant about 1.2 million trees a day.
62
This is a eucalyptus seedling, the basis of our entire production cycle.
63
It grows very fast.
64
This little seedling, just over 30 centimeters tall, will grow into a tree over 25 meters tall in six years six years.
65
Eucalyptus is one of the most productive trees in the plant world.
66
It originated in Australia and is now cloned by the millions from these mother plants.
67
After six months in the nursery,
68
3,000 seedlings are transplanted by machine each hour.
69
This unparalleled productivity helps meet the exploding global demand.
70
Paper consumption, especially for packing material, has increased enormously in the last 10 years.
71
Packing material requires cellulose pulp.
72
The more pulp we consume, the more plantations we need.
73
The eucalyptus monocultures have grown particularly in Bahia State in northeastern Brazil.
74
Only about one tenth remains of the original forest, the Mata Atlantica.
75
Indigenous communities say that eucalyptus plantations have been spreading ever further into their ancestral lands.
76
I'm Manjee Patashaw.
77
My name is Manjee Patashaw.
78
I'm the village chief of Rio do Caí.
79
Manjee means mucusu, a fish found in the Caí River.
80
The Patachaux strive for balance with the environment, the water, the flora and fauna, the balance of good living.
81
The Patachaux lived in the region long before the Portuguese settlers arrived 500 years ago.
82
They are in conflict with the eucalyptus owners, whom they accuse of encroaching on their territory.
83
Eucalyptus.
84
We have suffered all kinds of attacks and massacres since the colonial period.
85
One of the worst massacres we are now facing is the planting of eucalyptus trees on indigenous lands.
86
We see
87
the eucalyptus monoculture as a green desert.
88
The earth turns to sand.
89
There's no moisture.
90
Nothing germinates here.
91
There's no hummus, no seeds, no saplings.
92
No native trees of the Mata Atlantica, which provide food, water and life.
93
There's only eucalyptus, which brings death.
94
Many maps and international statistics do not distinguish between industrial plantations and natural forests.
95
But scientifically speaking, they differ greatly.
96
Culturally, to a lot of people, a tree is a tree.
97
It doesn't really occur to them that it matters what kind of tree.
98
And so I think there's just a lot of, you know, does it really matter, the difference between a forest and a plantation?
99
Is this really grave?
100
It's a forest.
101
What do we mean by forest?
102
Is a forest just the trees?
103
No, it's a habitat, it's an ecosystem.
104
So you have vines and shrubs and wildlife and mushrooms and all sorts of things that make up a forest.
105
Whereas a tree plantation is typically a monoculture with a purpose.
106
And everything else in the forest is unneeded for that purpose.
107
The traditional patasho way of life is now confined to a few patches of ancient forest rich in endemic tree
108
and plant species trees.
109
This tree is called the jueirana and we extract seeds from it for handicrafts.
110
We use the We use the Jueirana to build our fishing canoes.
111
We sustain our culture from the Jueirana.
112
This is the Tupamirim.
113
We use it to make our arrows, to defend our territory against the ranchers and the militia.
114
We do it our way, not with firearms, but with the power of the maraca and our strength from the forest.
115
Here, on this land, This land is full of life.
116
It has different roots and saps with healing powers.
117
It's wet.
118
This is the real forest.
119
This is what we need, not the dry land of the eucalyptus.
120
This is the real land, that's what we need, not the eucalyptus dry land.
121
alarming to us.
122
The Cerrado is one of the ecosystems under threat from tree planting.
123
It is South America's largest savanna and habitat for 5% of the world's biodiversity.
124
Giselda Durigan specializes in this little-known biome.
125
The Cerrado has been less studied than the forests,
126
but we now know that the Cerrado holds more known plant species than the Amazon rainforest than the Amazon rainforest.
127
One out of every seven plant species in the Cerrado is a tree.
128
The others are grasses, herbs, shrubs and subshrubs.
129
The biodiversity of the Brazilian savannah does not lie in the trees, but in all the other small plants in the territory.
130
These open environments predate human existence by a very long time.
131
They are not just degraded forests.
132
This balance between tree cover and grass cover is the very essence of a savanna.
133
The Cerrado is home to the headwaters of eight of Brazil's major river basins.
134
That's the gold mine of water that supplies practically the entire country.
135
Eucalyptus could threaten Brazil's water supply.
136
Its rapid growth rate requires enormous water consumption.
137
There are now 1,000 eucalyptus trees per hectare here, with roots drawing water from 12 meters deep.
138
You don't need to be a math whiz to work out
139
that a eucalyptus draws an enormous amount of water from the ground from the ground.
140
The water table is gradually dropping.
141
It's already deep in the savannah, but it's going to drop even further.
142
It's not uncommon for springs to dry up.
143
During periods of extreme drought,
144
I've seen thousands of hectares of forest plantations where every single tree has died because the entire system ran out of water.
145
Eucalyptus is one of the world's most commonly planted trees.
146
Between it and pine and acacia, you have the kind of the three big.
147
Eucalyptus is fast growing.
148
It's relatively tolerant.
149
The only problem is that it tends to catch fire.
150
UN experts predict a 50% increase in uncontrolled wildfires by the end of the century due to climate change.
151
Portugal has been the European country hardest hit by fires since the 2000s.
152
It also has the world's highest eucalyptus density.
153
10% of its land is covered by this highly flammable tree.
154
Yet the state continued to encourage its planting until just a few years ago.
155
In 2017, the country experienced the worst fires in its recent history.
156
In Pedro Gó Grande, 66 people lost their lives in a mega fire that quickly spread through eucalyptus and pine plantations.
157
In June 2017, something happened that we never dreamed could happen in this area.
158
It was extremely hot that day, right from dawn, with strong winds.
159
We realized that if there was the slightest spark or a small campfire, it could be disastrous.
160
And that's exactly what happened.
161
Around 2 or 3 p.m a fire broke out.
162
Everything went wrong that day.
163
Let's go.
164
Let's go.
165
He's up there.
166
Let's go.
167
I'm coming here.
168
I'm coming to the car.
169
Let's go.
170
Let's go.
171
Let's go.
172
Let's go.
173
Let's go.
174
The fire got more intense and spread so quickly that people began to panic.
175
It created conditions.
176
People were in panic.
177
Our experience with previous fires was nothing like what happened that day.
178
Some people locked themselves in their homes because they thought it was safer.
179
José Pais is a forest engineer and a village native.
180
This forest, which is home to a dozen species of trees, is one of the few to have resisted the fire.
181
The gold-striped salamander is only found in Portugal and Galicia.
182
Its skin always has to stay moist.
183
It would die in a eucalyptus forest.
184
There isn't enough moisture, the soil isn't soft enough, and there's no cover.
185
Its skin always has to be protected.
186
Here we can see what happened during the fire.
187
Many square kilometers burned, except for this patch in the middle, which didn't.
188
Why?
189
It has different trees.
190
This shows that even in the worst fire, single trees may not survive.
191
But if they are in a mixed forest, they don't burn.
192
These trees resisted the fire, slowed the flames, reduced their intensity and temperature, and protected the trees behind them from burning.
193
Forests like this make all the difference.
194
After a devastating wildfire,
195
the villages of Frojan in northwestern Spain decided to replace the eucalyptus trees surrounding their village with native trees.
196
Does anyone know how to use a chainsaw?
197
There's one here that's not being used.
198
Joam Evans launched the De-Eucalyptus Brigades together with the village and the Verdejaia environmental organization.
199
There are 40 volunteers here and we're going to remove the eucalyptus.
200
to preserve what little native forest is left.
201
A few oaks, a few chestnuts.
202
And next winter, plant new trees and restore this entire area.
203
We say that underneath every eucalyptus stands an oak.
204
A native forest.
205
It's hard work.
206
We peel off the bark until we get to this white, moist part where the sap is.
207
and fungi can get in through the cuts we make, and we hope this will kill the trees, because otherwise they'll just grow right back.
208
The brigades formed after the fires.
209
Everyone felt helpless.
210
The communities, the owners, the administration all blamed each other.
211
But there seemed to be nothing that people could do themselves.
212
The brigades created a space for positive action, where people could take charge.
213
They could step in with their own hands, their work and their initiative to improve the situation.
214
On the first day of spring, the brigade planted saplings on cleared land.
215
Only local species like oak, cork oak and chestnut.
216
When you pull on the tree, it shouldn't come out.
217
Perfect, it's solid.
218
It's leaning a bit, but it'll straighten up.
219
It looks horrible.
220
For people like us who live here year-round, The change is really spectacular.
221
In 2017 this village was completely surrounded by plantations.
222
You can hardly tell the seasons apart from the landscape.
223
Now you can see the change of seasons just by looking out the window at the colours of the vegetation.
224
We also feel safer during the dry summer nights, when a strong north-easterly wind blew.
225
We used to worry that a fire might break out in the night.
226
Now we're more confident that won't happen.
227
And if it does, we'll be able to contain it without putting our homes or our own safety at risk.
228
The brigades now have around 1,500 active members in Galicia and in Portugal.
229
They show that, faced with the advance of industrial plantations, it is possible to restore natural ecosystems for greater resistance to climate change.
230
More and more NGOs have proposed replanting forests to slow climate change.
231
In the last decade or so,
232
many organizations have taken on tree planting as either a part of their program or as a primary goal of their program.
233
There's many new organizations that have been created.
234
One, two, three, trees!
235
It has to do with social media.
236
It also has to do with the perception
237
that it's a valuable solution for climate change and climate change has become more of a concern.
238
Climate change is mainly caused by the accumulation of CO2 in the atmosphere due to human activity.
239
Half of our CO2 emissions are already captured by the oceans and forests, the Earth's primary carbon sinks.
240
For NGOs involved in reforestation, planting additional trees helps combat climate change by absorbing even more carbon.
241
A lot of organizations are promoting tree planting as a sort of easy win
242
and something they can fundraise around and something that will bring a lot of benefits to the world.
243
The German Plant for the Planet NGO also sees tree planting as a way to mitigate climate change.
244
Its goal is to plant a trillion trees.
245
This is the story of how a simple idea turned into a global movement which created confidence and optimism.
246
The idea?
247
Planting trees to fight the climate crisis.
248
The movement?
249
Plant for the Planet.
250
The confidence, with the help of many and the right tools, we can fight the climate crisis.
251
The Plant for the Planet movement does not plant monocultures, but real forests with diverse species.
252
Founded by a nine-year-old boy, this popular NGO has received support from numerous celebrities since its creation.
253
The organization was founded by a boy named Felix Finkbeiner and his father, who is a successful businessman.
254
And Felix was a very idealistic boy
255
and he got the kids in his school to plant trees to benefit the local area
256
and then they started scaling it up for climate change purposes.
257
Did you learn about photosynthesis at school?
258
And it works like this.
259
Trees absorb CO2.
260
Carbon, the sea, stays in the tree.
261
The tree gives off the oxygen, which we breathe in.
262
Felix Finkbeiner kind of became this beautiful kid spokesman for environmentalism.
263
And he was invited to give an address to the United Nations.
264
And he and his dad were flying from Germany to New York.
265
And they said, well, what goal should we say?
266
They were writing the speech on the plane.
267
Let's say something really ambitious.
268
How about a trillion trees?
269
It is now time that we work together.
270
If we combine our forces, old and young, rich and poor, and together, we can plant a trillion trees.
271
We can start a trillion tree campaign.
272
A trillion trees to save the climate.
273
This catchy slogan played a major role in the growth of Felix Finkbeiner's NGO,
274
although the idea initially lacked a scientific basis.
275
A trillion trees would cover an area the size of the United States.
276
But planted where?
277
And how would it affect the climate?
278
Plants for the planet backed the work of a young biologist named Tom Crowther in hopes of gaining scientific backing.
279
Life is all about embracing the challenge.
280
Tom Crowther is a professor of ecology in Zurich.
281
His research focuses on the forest's potential to capture the 300 gigatons of carbon
282
that have accumulated in the atmosphere since the Industrial Revolution.
283
If we want to capture the 300 gigatons that already exists, we're going to need an immensely powerful system.
284
And the most powerful system we've got to date is this, the natural system.
285
These are the 0.9 billion hectares of degraded lands, Places where trees could naturally exist, but they don't.
286
If we were to restore ecosystems across all of those lands, there would be an additional trillion trees in that area.
287
And they would store a staggering 205 gigatons of carbon.
288
He published a shocking study in the journal Science in 2019.
289
Area for extra tree restoration potential is far greater than we could have ever imagined.
290
His research claims that not only is plant for the planet's goal of restoring a trillion trees achievable, but it would be the best solution for the climate change crisis.
291
Our recent research shows that if we achieved that, we could capture a huge chunk, maybe even two thirds of the excess carbon that's remaining in the atmosphere because of human activity.
292
That makes forest restoration by far the biggest climate change solution that we have today.
293
Media coverage of the study was huge.
294
In Climate Watch, a new study is suggesting that the best way to fight climate change is through trees.
295
The research posted in the journal Science says planting billions of trees could remove nearly 25% of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
296
The United Nations, the World Economic Forum, the World Wildlife Foundation and other NGOs took up the idea.
297
Leading Silicon Valley entrepreneurs also joined in.
298
The world is in a climate emergency.
299
Now is the time to put the trees back on the planet.
300
Let's plant one trillion trees.
301
The next year, Tom Crowther and Felix Finkbeiner were invited to the World Economic Forum in Davos.
302
We are incredibly excited that, you know, nine years after we first tried convincing the world to plant a trillion trees, a trillion trees, this, I think, is truly starting now.
303
So that's absolutely fantastic.
304
A trillion trees to save the climate.
305
A nice idea, but it unleashed the greatest scientific debate in recent years.
306
How they got to that number was problematic.
307
It was problematic in a few different ways.
308
First, they made some pretty simple errors in how they estimated carbon.
309
They were off by 50% right out the gate.
310
And there were no less than, I think, 150 scientists signing on to three different responses to that paper saying, you got the math wrong.
311
And I think that's what made a lot of scientists uncomfortable, because that's not the proper way to do science.
312
We need to be more conservative before we make bold statements.
313
There's a famous saying, with great claims, great proof is required.
314
A lot of these places where they're saying we can plant
315
trees are places where it's actually a bad idea to plant trees.
316
So for example, they were saying we should plant trees in the boreal or sub-arctic zone.
317
Many of those places are white a lot of the year because there's snow on the ground.
318
And we all know that white reflects heat.
319
And if you plant trees there, they'll be dark a lot of the year.
320
So if you make the earth darker, you make it hotter.
321
They assumed that everywhere could be reforested.
322
Some places like the world's savannahs are not appropriate locations for trees.
323
They have their own biodiversity, their own ecosystem.
324
And they assumed that before forest restoration, there was no carbon on the land or in the soil.
325
And that's clearly not correct.
326
Forests are not the only terrestrial ecosystems to capture and store carbon.
327
The Cerrado savanna in Brazil is sometimes described as an inverted forest.
328
It stores seven times more carbon underground than on the surface.
329
This little plant has such a big root.
330
It weighs 20 times as much as the part above ground.
331
This plant is three years old, but the root is about 50.
332
This plant is three years old, but the root is about 50.
333
Here the biomass stays underground.
334
Its incredible regeneration means that this root will sprout again if I bury it.
335
Ecosystems with grasses are very effective at sequestering carbon underground, both within the plants and through root regeneration.
336
These fine grass roots are abundant in the Cerrado and are constantly being renewed.
337
Every time a root dies, it breaks down into carbon, which is stored in the soil.
338
That is why the soil of the Cerrado contains a huge amount of carbon that you don't find in forests.
339
There are many places where trees should be planted, and others that urgently need forest restoration,
340
but there are also places where trees are actually harmful.
341
They would destroy what's already there." According to leading savannah specialists,
342
Crowther's forecasts for carbon storage are five times too optimistic.
343
But beyond the math, the scientific community deemed his study dangerously misleading.
344
Back in 2019, the world woke up to headlines saying trees and planting trees was the best solution to climate change.
345
In fact, anyone thinking about this for more than a few minutes would realize that's not correct.
346
The best solution to climate change is to not explore and burn more oil, coal and gas.
347
To keep global warming well below 2 degrees, the International Panel on Climate Change recommends reaching carbon neutrality by 2050.
348
We should then not emit more greenhouse gases than ecosystems can absorb
349
and then can be offset by technical processes that remove CO2.
350
Most large companies are not yet legally required to reduce their CO2 emissions, but the pressure to decarbonize is growing.
351
Since the Paris Climate Agreement in 2015, CO2 offsetting has become increasingly important.
352
At Air France, we understand the effects our business has on the environment, and we want to do more.
353
Where we cannot yet reduce our impact, we will offset it.
354
To offset the CO2 they emit, companies can finance forestry projects that will capture this carbon dioxide elsewhere.
355
It's a new argument for tree planting while continuing to pollute the environment.
356
Many companies have tried to offset their emissions.
357
trees is one of the most visible methods.
358
Companies can turn to the timber industry for tree planting.
359
Brazil's Suzano, one of the world's leading pulp and paper makers, is one of the major players driving the expansion of monocultures.
360
As part of its CO2 offset program, the company is now planting eucalyptus on behalf of polluting companies.
361
Julio Nathalanza oversees this new business sector.
362
The eucalyptus is a fantastic tree.
363
Let's estimate the carbon volume in this forest.
364
I'll measure here.
365
One meter.
366
That's a meter and a half.
367
Now I'll measure the diameter.
368
With the diameter and the height, we can estimate the volume of stored carbon.
369
We can estimate the carbon stock it has.
370
Susano will sell this stored CO2 in the form of carbon credits.
371
Companies
372
that buy these credits will deduct the carbon captured by these eucalyptus from their emissions as a kind of right to pollute.
373
Carbon credits are units of exchange.
374
A company that wants to improve its carbon footprint can use this method to finance another company
375
that removes CO2 from the atmosphere.
376
One carbon credit corresponds to one ton of CO2 that has been removed from the atmosphere.
377
The time frame is at the heart of the criticism of carbon offsets and credits.
378
One of the commonest scams of carbon credits is that you have a tree planting scheme.
379
and the credits are sold based on timeline of tree growth.
380
And then you sell the credits from that ten years, but in year 11 you cut all the trees down, and all that carbon goes into the atmosphere or into pulp and paper products.
381
And you're buying credits that you think are permanently sequestering carbon out of the atmosphere and onto the land, but you're not.
382
You're buying a credit that's ended up in a piece of paper that someone wrote on and then threw away.
383
It goes and decomposes and that carbon goes back into the atmosphere.
384
Carbon offsets are the modern equivalent of medieval indulgences.
385
You could pay your way out of sinning.
386
And in modern society, when you're feeling guilty by the environment, you're sinning, and really you want to pay your way out of it, right?
387
You want to do a good deed, you want to plant a tree, So sure, I'll set my flight for a dollar.
388
The problem is when you really start poking at these projects, they're all made up.
389
Their estimates are overly rosy.
390
The follow-up is nothing.
391
And there's probably, I'd say, of the 80% organizations, are not doing really thorough jobs.
392
Planting trees has become an excuse for not changing anything.
393
In 2020, Total Anongi announced its first carbon offset project.
394
40,000 hectares of acacia on the savannahs of Bateke Plateau in the Republic of Congo.
395
Yet another tree monoculture in a developing country.
396
The company claims this project will capture 10 million tons of CO2, or just 2% of its annual emissions.
397
It's a great pleasure and honor for Total Energy
398
and the Prime Minister to inaugurate this project on the day the Republic celebrates Arbor Day.
399
This year's motto is, let's all plant trees to sequester carbon and combat climate change.
400
To make the land available to Total, the Congolese government evicted the farmers without consultation,
401
in return for a few euros in compensation.
402
Hundreds suddenly found themselves without a way to make a living.
403
We were working in the fields.
404
Suddenly we saw tractors and wondered what was going on.
405
We went home, but when we came back the next day, we saw that they had ploughed all the fields.
406
They told us bluntly that we could no longer work there.
407
It was their land now.
408
Local communities dependent on gathering crops were denied access to the project area.
409
I can't even afford salt fish.
410
I'm starving.
411
Where am I supposed to get the money for food?
412
I've even lost the fields that used to feed me.
413
Years after the project was launched, the local population continues to suffer from an operation controlled from above.
414
Who took the land that people lived off?
415
Did they give it to white people?
416
Where are we supposed to farm now?
417
These trees are no good to us.
418
They just line their pockets.
419
But they've made our lives harder.
420
Total came here to destroy us.
421
Faced with the scandal, Total Honorgie was forced to offer compensation to those affected.
422
But four years later, the amounts were disappointing, and many had not received anything.
423
A Catholic NGO is helping the farmers fight for their rights.
424
Okay.
425
Last week, I met with you all here to sign the contract.
426
There was a debate between those who wanted to sign and those who didn't.
427
Those who signed, please raise your hands.
428
I signed.
429
I thought they would give me back as much land as I had before.
430
They said if I signed, they would give me back four hectares.
431
Right after I signed, they took the document, read it, and said I only had a claim to one hectare.
432
How am I supposed to raise my children?
433
I signed without knowing what I was signing.
434
I don't speak French or Lingala.
435
When you signed, did you get a copy of the document?
436
You signed documents and did not receive a copy?
437
From an administrative standpoint, this is extremely serious.
438
The police and the gendarmerie were there.
439
No more debate within the community.
440
When matters affect the community, we do not involve the police, the gendarmerie, the subprefect or the mayor.
441
Total has just sown disorder all along. Do you all understand?
442
Do not sign any more documents without reading them first.
443
And always get a copy.
444
Too many projects have massively violated human rights.
445
Even now, in many countries of the global south, like Congo, Tanzania and Uganda,
446
we're seeing large-scale displacement and land grabs.
447
Project leaders tell them to tighten their belts and reduce their emissions
448
so that the global north can go on emitting with a clear conscience.
449
What do you want to do, Pierre?
450
Planting trees is not a miracle solution to the ecological crisis, but it's not a bad gesture in itself,
451
if we plant the right species in the right place for the right reasons.
452
We're often tempted to contribute to planting programs, but how do we know these projects won't do more harm than good?
453
I'm very pro getting into nature and getting your hands dirty and interacting with nature.
454
And some of that will involve some tree planting.
455
My advice if you're thinking about tree planting,
456
I think on the one hand it makes sense to be involved in the thing that's closest to where you live.
457
Because that's where you'll get most enjoyment and that's where you can probably have a big impact.
458
Because you care about your local environment long term because that's your life and your location.
459
And then I think on the other hand, it's important to help communities who really want to protect forests.
460
There are indigenous communities across the global south who are desperate
461
for finance to be able to protect their own territories from encroachment by loggers and plantation owners.
462
Many of these indigenous peoples groups manage those areas remarkably well,
463
more impressively than often a group of scientists could do, or an international NGO.
464
Because those people, they know those places better than anyone else.
465
The
📺 Même chaîne
B21
The secret to concentration - How to increase your attention span | DW Documentary
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
BookTok and Gen Z - Are young people saving the book market? | DW Documentary
TeensDaily ConversationHigh School Students
B2China's competition for living space | DW Documentary
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
Cheap and toxic - The dark side of mass-produced fashion jewelry from China | DW Documentary
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
Skin: Multitalented and underappreciated | DW Documentary
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
Virtual love - How dangerous are AI relationships? | DW Documentary
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B24
What it's like to be a working homeless person in Germany | DW Documentary
Business EnglishWorking Adults
B21
Eco-burial - Would you consider being composted? | DW Documentary
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C111
Global renewables: Pioneering the energy transition | DW Documentary
IELTS PrepBusiness EnglishUniversity Students
B27
Father unknown? Life as a sperm donor's child | DW Documentary
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B24
Our memory - A phenomenal storage system | DW Documentary
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
Junk food, sugar and additives - The dark side of the food industry | DW Documentary
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C1Do we need to eat meat? | DW Documentary
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C1Smart insects - The astonishing intelligence of bumblebees, wasps & co. | DW Documentary
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B2Rivers under pressure - From drought and competing agendas | DW Documentary
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B2Why India is one of the most dangerous places in the world for women | DW Documentary
University StudentsWorking Adults
✨ Vidéo recommandée
C1131
16 phrases
Can Earth Run Out of Water?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12,005
12 phrases
Nature Is Speaking: Shailene Woodley is Forest
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C13
17 phrases
Why carbon? It's the backbone of life! - Suzanne Simard | UBC Earth Day
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B22
27 phrases
A Wake-up Call for Climate Action in Viet Nam
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C11
33 phrases
Join Kai, protect the night sky. Light pollution is hurting cultural knowledge and biodiversity
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C13
55 phrases
神奇的植物自卫术 - Valentin Hammoudi
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B2640
19 phrases
⏰The nature crisis we need to solve. Narrated by Jason Momoa, UNEP Advocate for Life Below Water.
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B226 phrases
China Wrapped Entire Mountains in Solar Panels — And That's Just the Start
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C13
155 phrases
How To Terraform Venus (Quickly)
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B2193
28 phrases
Why should we care about coral reefs?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C16
92 phrases
Unit 16 | The energy crisis | Vocabulary for IELTS | All English 4U
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C11
828 phrases
1 Hour IELTS Listening Practice || Environment & Climate Change 🌍 || Advanced English Listening
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau C1 s’appuie sur la vidéo « Can trees save the planet? ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : tree, forest, carbon, plant, planting. Cette vidéo contient 465 phrases et 5180 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 51:54. Le locuteur parle lentement, environ 100 mots par minute, ce qui laisse le temps d’imiter chaque son. Seuls 81 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| eucalyptus nom | /ˌjuː.kəˈlɪp.təs/ | eucalyptus, eucalypte |
| plantation nom | /plænˈteɪʃən/ | plantation |
| monoculture nom | /ˈmɒnəˌkʌlt͡ʃə(ɹ)/ | monoculture |
| ecosystem nom | /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/ | écosystème |
| offset nom | /ˈɔf.sɛt/ | compensation |
| pulp nom | /pʊlp/ | pulpe |
| emission nom | /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/ | émission |
| hectare nom | /ˈhɛk.tɛɹ/ | hectare |
| seedling nom | /ˈsiːdlɪŋ/ | semis |
| biodiversity nom | /ˌbaɪoʊdəˈvɚsəti/ | biodiversité |
| savanna nom | /səˈvænə/ | savane |
| ecological adjectif | /ˌiːkəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkl̩/ | écologique |
| nursery nom | /ˈnɝsəɹi/ | crèche |
| acacia nom | /əˈkeɪ.ʃə/ | acacia |
| emit verbe | /iˈmɪt/ | émettre |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| make up verbe | /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/ | constituer, composer |
| break out verbe | s'échapper, s’évader | |
| come back verbe | revenir | |
| come out verbe | /ˌkʌm ˈaʊt/ | sortir |
| give off verbe | /ɡɪv ɒf/ | émettre |
| look out verbe | prendre garde | |
| throw away verbe | rejeter, jeter | |
| work out verbe | /ˌwɝk ˈaʊt/ | calculer |
Des phrases à répéter
Des phrases courtes et complètes de la vidéo, à réutiliser dans la conversation de tous les jours :
- What do we mean by forest?
- Did you learn about photosynthesis at school?
- Where are we supposed to farm now?
- How am I supposed to raise my children?
- You signed documents and did not receive a copy?
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Phrases conditionnelles if + proposition, will/would + verbe — une condition et son résultat | if it does, we'll be · if you plant trees there, they'll be · if I signed, they would give |
| Present perfect continu have/has been + -ing — une action commencée avant et toujours en cours | has been growing · have been spreading |
| « Used to » used to + verbe — une habitude ou un état passé qui n’est plus vrai | used to worry · used to feed |
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | has left · have made · have investigated |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 50 contractions et formes réduites, comme I'm, you're, don't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: plantation /plænˈteɪʃən/, emission /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/, acacia /əˈkeɪ.ʃə/, gendarmerie /ˈʒɑn.dɑɹ.mə.ɹi/, shrub /ˈʃɹʌb/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: eucalyptus /ˌjuː.kəˈlɪp.təs/, monoculture /ˈmɒnəˌkʌlt͡ʃə(ɹ)/, ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/, biodiversity /ˌbaɪoʊdəˈvɚsəti/, ecological /ˌiːkəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkl̩/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: hectare /ˈhɛk.tɛɹ/, habitat /ˈhæb.ɪ.tæt/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: monoculture /ˈmɒnəˌkʌlt͡ʃə(ɹ)/, ecological /ˌiːkəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkl̩/, moisture /ˈmɔɪs.t͡ʃɚ/, gesture /ˈd͡ʒɛs.t͡ʃɚ/, pledge /plɛd͡ʒ/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: monoculture /ˈmɒnəˌkʌlt͡ʃə(ɹ)/, hectare /ˈhɛk.tɛɹ/, nursery /ˈnɝsəɹi/, degrade /dɪˈɡɹeɪd/, gendarmerie /ˈʒɑn.dɑɹ.mə.ɹi/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme eucalyptus, plantation, monoculture.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.