Pratique du Shadowing: Learn English Tenses: PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo

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Welcome to this class on the Past Perfect Continuous Tense, which is also called the Past Perfect Progressive Tense.

Now, this class is part of a series created by engVid

to help you learn to use the different English verb tenses and to communicate more effectively in English.

Okay?

Now, this tense is an advanced tense and we use it to talk about the past in a lot of interesting ways, and you'll see what they are.

But most of all, you can learn it easily and naturally, and I think you will be using it in that way by the end of this class.

So, are you ready?

Let's get started.

So, the past perfect continuous tense, which is what I'm going to call it, every time I'm not going to say both names, okay?

I'll just say one name.

So, the past perfect continuous Continuous tense is used to talk about something

that started in the past and continued in the past, but everything is in the past.

You also know that because it has the word past in it, so it's about the past, and it has the word continuous in it,

which means something continued, right?

So that's a big clue.

But, let's understand it a little bit better by looking at some examples.

So, we can use this tense to talk about something that had been happening in the past.

For example, let's look at the timeline.

This is now, and this is the past.

So, if I talk about this period, from the first x to the second x, I could say, I had been during...

Sorry, during that period, I had been living in Florida, right?

During this period, from this time to this time, everything in the past, I had been living in Florida.

Or, I can also use it to describe something that had been happening and then something else happened.

For example, I could say, I had been living in Florida before I moved to California.

So let's say that at this point I moved to California, right?

But before that, I had been living in Florida, okay?

And there is a reason, which you will understand as we go forward, why we're using that continuous form, alright?

So that's some basic idea of how it's being used.

Now let's look at the structure a little bit.

So basically we take the subject, I, you, we, they, he, she, or it it,

we add had been, and then we take the verb and add ing.

We use the continuous form.

For example, I had been living in Florida.

I had been working hard in Florida.

I had been saving a lot of money.

Why?

Because I was planning to move to California.

Okay?

So, you could use all of these.

I had been living, I had been working hard, I had been saving.

Okay?

So, this is the past perfect continuous tense.

Now let's look at when we use the past perfect continuous tense.

So, we can use it to talk about a past activity that had been happening.

Okay?

Just that.

That's one way.

Okay, for example, we could say, it had been snowing all week.

We're just saying that this activity that started in the past, continued in the past, and which part is the past perfect continuous?

Here.

It had been snowing all week, alright?

We can use it like that.

Now, another way.

We can use it to describe an activity in the past that had been happening before another activity happened.

So, another activity happened, and our past perfect continuous activity had been happening.

Okay?

It had been happening before another activity happened.

So, let's look at the example example, we had been playing golf before it started to rain.

So, this part...

Had been playing is our past perfect continuous tense, so we had been playing and then it started to rain.

Started is not past perfect continuous,

that's just past simple, but this part shows us that this activity had been happening until this one happened.

Alright, we can also use this tense to talk about a past activity or action that had been happening,

and we want to say the duration or how long it had been happening.

For example, they had been working on that project for six months,

or they had been working on that project since January.

Okay?

So, had been working, this is our past perfect continuous, and how do we know the duration or how long,

with these key words which are often used with this tense.

They had been working on that project for six months,

or the other word, they had been working on that project since January.

These are very common words that you will see being used with this tense.

Alright, next, we can use it to describe activities that had been happening in the past

and they had some kind of pattern or routine.

For example, we had been going to the gym regularly, okay?

So here, had been going.

Maybe people are telling you that

because they want to tell you we had been going to the gym regularly before it closed.

Now we have to find a new gym, okay?

Okay?

So, that's one way to describe some sort of a regular pattern that had been going on in the past.

Okay?

Are you with me?

You've got it.

Next, we can also use it to describe an activity that had been happening plus the reason or cause for that.

For example, we can connect it to a cause.

We could say, she was tired.

Why?

because she had been studying all night.

So, this had been studying, right?

This is our tense, but we say we're connecting it to a cause.

She was tired because she had been studying.

She was exhausted because she had been studying.

She was sleepy because she had been studying.

Okay?

So, sometimes this tense is used to give us a cause, or sometimes it can be a result.

All right?

And what's really important is not just when to use it, which is what we looked at so far, but also when not to use it.

100

So, as in many of our continuous verbs, we cannot use some stative verbs with this tense.

101

With some continuous tenses, you cannot use any of the stative verbs or only in a particular way.

102

In this case, we can't use some of them or most of them with this tense.

103

Now, what is a stative verb?

104

Remember, in English, there are two kinds of verbs.

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There are the action verbs like run, eat, jump, and there are the stative verbs,

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words, which describe a state or a condition.

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For example, they could be mental states, I believe, I know, I understand.

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Or emotional states, like I love, I hate, I like, I dislike.

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These are examples of stative verbs and you will see a long list in any grammar book or if you check online.

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And with these stative verbs, we should not be using these verbs in the past perfect continuous tense.

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Alright?

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So, this is when to use the tense and also when not to use it.

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Now let's look at the structure of the past perfect continuous tense.

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So, I've divided the board into three parts for a positive sentence, a negative sentence, and a question.

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So, let's start with the first one.

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In a positive sentence, what we basically do is we take the subject plus had been plus the verb plus ing.

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Let's look at an example.

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So, we take the subject, subject could be one of these, I, you, we, they, he, she, or it.

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Then we add had been.

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Then, we add the verb, in this case, work, plus ing.

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Okay?

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So, say it after me.

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I had been working, you had been working,

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we had been working, they had been working,

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he had been working, she had been working, and it had been working.

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Okay?

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Good.

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You've just used this tense.

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Good for you.

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Next, let's look at what happens when we want to make a negative sentence, then basically we're adding the word not, okay?

131

This is the only change here, so we could say, I had not been working.

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That's completely correct, but it's a little more formal, all right?

133

So in regular conversation, we would probably say, I hadn't been working.

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Hadn't is the contraction or the short form of the two words, had plus not.

135

So basically, we cancelled this o, we added an apostrophe, and we shortened it, okay?

136

We'll be looking more at contractions in a few minutes.

137

So, I hadn't been working,

138

you hadn't been working, we hadn't been working, the same thing, okay?

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Okay?

140

They hadn't been working, he hadn't been working, she hadn't been working, it hadn't been working.

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It meaning maybe the computer or the phone or something else.

142

Okay?

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Next, how do we form a question?

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Well, we have to change the order around a little bit.

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So we start with had, and then the subject, and then been plus the verb plus ing.

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G. So, we could say, had you been working at that time? Had they been working? Had she been working?

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Okay?

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So, just change the order.

149

All right?

150

Instead of had been, we have to say had, plus the subject, and then been.

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Okay?

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So, also, remember, you can add question words, right?

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Who, what, when, where, why, how, these are our question words generally.

154

So, if you need to add a question word before that, then keep this same structure and just put this first.

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So, for example, you could say, where...

156

Sorry, where had you been working?

157

All right?

158

Why had you been working?

159

How long had you been working?

160

All right?

161

So, if you're going to use one of those question words, put it just before and then continue with the same structure.

162

And that's basically how you form sentences and questions in the past perfect continuous tense.

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Now, let's look at how we form contractions using the past perfect continuous tense.

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So basically, contractions, which are those shortened forms, like instead of I had not, we say I hadn't, and so on,

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we use these more in conversation and informal writing writing.

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We do not use them so much in formal business writing or in academic writing, okay?

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So keep that in mind as we learn these.

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So, let's take an example first of the positive sentence.

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That can also be shortened or contracted.

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Let's look at how.

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So, I had been calling.

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This is the full form.

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The short part of that, the contraction, would be I'd been.

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So how did we get this I'd?

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We basically took I had and we cancelled the part of it

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and added an apostrophe in place of where we removed or took out some letters.

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So I had been becomes I'd been.

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Now, when you contract it like that, it's also very important to pronounce it correctly.

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Because if you don't, and if we don't hear that D sound at the end, then somebody else might think that your grammar is incorrect.

180

Okay?

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So, that's why we're going to also practice the pronunciation after we look at the form and spelling of the contraction.

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So, for the positive form, I had been becomes I'd been.

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For the negative form, I had not been calling, that becomes I hadn't been, as we saw earlier.

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So I hadn't, right?

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So what happened?

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We took had not, we got rid of the O here,

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we added an apostrophe, and we joined these two words.

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So, I had not...

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Been becomes I hadn't been.

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Again, it's important to say the endings of these words.

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So now, let's practice pronouncing this tense with lots of different variations and different verbs.

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Okay?

193

So, you will feel so much more comfortable actually saying it and using it once we reach the end of it here.

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So, repeat after me and try to pay attention to each sound.

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I'd been calling, you'd been writing,

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we'd been cooking, they'd been watching,

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he'd been been studying, and she'd been reading." So,

198

we want to hear that d sound at the end, she'd.

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Okay?

200

Now, I didn't put it.

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Sometimes you will hear people saying that, it had been a long time, but it's a little bit tricky to say, and so if it's not clear,

202

sometimes it's better to kind of avoid it and just say it had been from your side, but you can understand and you should know that people might use that form.

203

It's actually used a lot more in the negative form, but let's look at some basic negative forms first.

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So, repeat after me again.

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I hadn't been checking.

206

You hadn't been playing.

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We hadn't been talking.

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They They hadn't been going.

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He hadn't been attending.

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And the last one, she hadn't been listening.

211

Not like you, you were listening.

212

Okay?

213

So, this is how we contract and pronounce these contractions in the past perfect continuous tense.

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Now let's look at some spelling changes we need to make when using this tense.

215

So, these changes are made in the base form of the verb.

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When we add the ing, sometimes we need to change the spelling, so let's look at what those changes are.

217

So, for most verbs, we just need to add ing.

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For example, help becomes helping.

219

Dream, dreaming, right?

220

Okay?

221

All we did is we added ing, and that will be the case for most verbs, but not all verbs.

222

Okay?

223

So, sometimes for verbs ending in e, there what we do is we have to drop the e, right?

224

Cancel the e, and then add the ing.

225

For example, the verb hire.

226

So, what do we do?

227

We cancel the e and make it hiring.

228

What does it mean to hire someone?

229

To go give someone a job.

230

All right?

231

Or the verb make becomes making.

232

Again, we got rid of this e, and we added ing.

233

Good.

234

Now, for verbs that end in ie,

235

what we need to do is to change the ie to a y.

236

Let me show you why. So, die becomes dying.

237

So, we need to cancel this, right?

238

Cancel the ie and change it to a y and then add ing.

239

All right?

240

So, die becomes dying, tie becomes tying.

241

Good.

242

And then, in some cases, for verbs ending in C, V, C, what do I mean by that?

243

Consonant, vowel, consonant.

244

So, then we need to double the last letter.

245

Let me show you what I mean.

246

You look at the verb, let's take this verb, swim, you look look at the verb from the end.

247

So, we see consonant, vowel, consonant.

248

Remember, a vowel is A, E, I, O, or U, and all the other letters in English are consonants.

249

So, if you see this pattern, not all the time, but most of the time, if you look at the verb from the end and you see consonant,

250

vowel, consonant, then we need to...

251

very often, double that last letter.

252

So, swim becomes swimming.

253

Control, see here?

254

CVC, right, looking this way, becomes...

255

Control becomes controlling.

256

Alright?

257

So, these are the basic changes that you need to keep in mind.

258

Of course, English has a lot of variations in spelling, and sometimes you have, you're going to have several exceptions, which you'll pick up as you go along.

259

Now, let's look at how to give a short, easy answer when someone asks you a question using this tense.

260

So, suppose someone says, had he been waiting for a long time?

261

So this is the past perfect continuous tense, right?

262

But instead of repeating everything again, we can just say, yes, he had, or no, he hadn't.

263

Let's go over that again.

264

Someone asks, had he been waiting for a long time?

265

So you say, yes, he had, you take that from here, from the question itself.

266

The question begins with had, and your answer will include some form of had had.

267

So, had he been waiting?

268

Yes, he had, or no, he hadn't.

269

All right?

270

Now, what's important?

271

Here, we do use the contraction, but in this one, in the short answer, we do not...

272

In the positive short answer, we do not use a contraction.

273

You cannot use a contraction.

274

So, in other words, you cannot say, yes, he'd.

275

That's not possible.

276

Okay?

277

You have to say, yes, he had, or no, he hadn't.

278

Good.

279

Let's look at another one.

280

Had you been considering that offer?

281

Let's say it was a job offer or something else.

282

Okay?

283

Had you been considering that offer?

284

What does considering mean?

285

Thinking it...

286

Thinking about it?

287

Okay?

288

Okay?

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Alright?

290

So, again, it starts with had, so your answer will include some form of had.

291

So, had you been considering it?

292

Yes, I had, or no, I hadn't.

293

Again, no contraction possible in the positive answer.

294

Next, had they been planning a trip?

295

What can you say?

296

Yes, they had, or no, they hadn't.

297

Okay?

298

Again, no contraction possible in that positive response, okay?

299

And this is usually in conversational English.

300

We use a lot of these short answers because it saves time

301

and you don't need to repeat the entire information that was in the question, okay?

302

Okay?

303

So, if I ask you, for example, had you been planning to study this tense today?

304

You could say, either one of these, yes I had, or no I hadn't, but I'm so glad I did.

305

Okay.

306

Now, let's do some practice together using the past perfect continuous tense.

307

So, we'll make some positive sentences, some negative sentences, and some questions, okay?

308

So, let's start with number one.

309

I think of ordering pizza.

310

So, I've given you the verb, now we're going to change that into the past perfect continuous.

311

So, I, what, if the verb is think, then we have to say,

312

I had been thinking, right?

313

I had been thinking of ordering pizza.

314

Okay?

315

Good.

316

Now, here I wrote the full form one.

317

We might not always use the full form, we could also use the contraction.

318

All right.

319

Number two, he hoped to get a promotion.

320

What is a promotion?

321

It means a higher position at work, okay?

322

In your job.

323

So, how would we change that into the past perfect continuous? is,

324

he, yes, had been hoping.

325

Now, let's contract it.

326

So, then we would say, he'd been hoping, right?

327

He had been hoping or he'd.

328

he'd been hoping to get a promotion.

329

All right?

330

You can say that too, and definitely in more informal conversation.

331

All right.

332

Number three, they look for the key.

333

This time, let's say the full form, not the contraction.

334

They had been...

335

What?

336

Look becomes looking, right?

337

They had been looking for the key.

338

Good.

339

There is a G here, okay?

340

Remember that.

341

Good.

342

Number Number four.

343

She miss her family.

344

This time, let's shorten it.

345

So, what would it be?

346

She'd been missing her family.

347

Okay?

348

Very good.

349

Good.

350

Number five, Jose prepare for his exam.

351

Let's use the full form,

352

Jose had been preparing for his exam.

353

Okay?

354

You got it.

355

Very good.

356

All right.

357

Now, let's make them negative.

358

He exercised regularly.

359

So, we want to say that he didn't do that.

360

So, how can we say that?

361

He hadn't been exercising regularly.

362

Okay?

363

He had not been exercising regularly, Or, he hadn't been exercising regularly.

364

Good.

365

That's the basic format.

366

Let's apply it now.

367

Number seven, we check our voicemail.

368

Make it negative.

369

We hadn't been checking our voicemail.

370

Well, we hadn't been checking our voicemail, alright?

371

Number eight, I sleep well.

372

Make it negative and pass perfect continuous,

373

I hadn't been sleeping well.

374

I hadn't been sleeping well.

375

Okay?

376

Excellent.

377

Excellent.

378

Now, for the last two, we're going to make them into questions.

379

Are you ready? Had he feel unwell?

380

So, what would we say, in what order?

381

Had he been feeling unwell? well.

382

Had he been feeling unwell?

383

Okay?

384

Good.

385

And the last one, had you text each other?

386

Text today is very much used as a verb, so how would we change that?

387

Had you been texting each other.

388

Okay?

389

Had you been texting each other?

390

Okay?

391

That's it.

392

Now you've practiced some sentence -positive sentences, some negative sentences, some questions,

393

and I hope you're feeling a lot more confident about using this tense correctly and easily.

394

Now let's look at some common mistakes that are sometimes made when using the past perfect continuous tense, and let's see how we can fix them.

395

So, the first mistake that's sometimes made is that the wrong tense is actually used or chosen.

396

So, let me give you a situation.

397

Suppose John was looking for a job and then he found one.

398

Okay?

399

So, how would we convey that information in English?

400

Which tense would we use?

401

I'll read two of the possibilities to you.

402

John has been looking for a job, or John had been looking for a job.

403

Think about it for a second.

404

So, in this case, the correct answer is the second one, which is, in fact, our tense,

405

the past perfect continuous, had been looking, why?

406

Because this describes a situation where John was doing something, it continued for some time,

407

and then it stopped because he found a job.

408

So, we can use correctly the past perfect continuous.

409

John had been looking for a job in the past.

410

He started looking, he was looking and looking and looking, and then he stopped because he found a job, right?

411

So, that is the perfect use of our tense that we've been learning.

412

But sometimes by mistake, students mix that up with another tense, sentence, which is this one, John has been looking for a job.

413

Do you remember which tense that is?

414

That's the present perfect continuous tense.

415

So, John has been looking for a job means what?

416

It means that he started looking and he's still looking, but that's not the situation here, right?

417

John found one, so he finished looking.

418

So, this was the correct choice here, but sometimes students confuse the present perfect continuous with the past perfect continuous.

419

So make sure that you understand these two tenses clearly, understand the differences, and that you choose the past perfect continuous at the right time.

420

Okay, the next mistake with this tense is the use of the stative verb.

421

As I mentioned, very often and most of the time, we do not use stative verbs with this tense.

422

For example, these are all wrong, by the way, okay?

423

Most of these things here are wrong, so let's look at what's wrong with them.

424

They had been knowing each other for many years.

425

What's wrong with that?

426

It's the fact that a stative verb is being used.

427

Which stative verb? verb, the verb know.

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Okay?

429

We cannot use that in the continuous form, so we would have to not use this tense.

430

There is no way we can continue to use the past perfect continuous with this verb.

431

You just can't use it because there is no way to correctly say knowing in each other as a verb.

432

So, here, we would have to say, they had, for example, known...

433

They had known each other for many years, which is just the past perfect and not the past perfect continuous.

434

All right?

435

So, if you have a stative verb to use in this kind of context of a past action,

436

you're probably going to have to switch back to the past perfect tense and not the continuous one, alright?

437

Next, spelling mistakes.

438

These are quite common.

439

Let's look at the first one.

440

She hadn't been attending classes, so look carefully at the board and tell me where's the spelling mistake.

441

I'll give you a clue.

442

It's in the contraction here, right?

443

Alright?

444

So, the apostrophe is in the wrong place.

445

It should be she hadn't.

446

Hadn't been attending and the apostrophe should be where the O was removed and not here.

447

Okay?

448

Alright.

449

The next one, also a spelling mistake.

450

The traffic hadn't been moving.

451

What's wrong there? there, this time the contraction is okay, but the verb itself is wrong when we add ing.

452

Why?

453

Do you remember the rule?

454

We had some of these examples in our practice, in fact, so how do we fix it?

455

We cancel this e, all right?

456

So when the base form of the verb ends with an e, like the verb move, we cancel the e and we add ing.

457

So, the correct spelling would be moving, okay, without the e.

458

The traffic hadn't been moving, it was stuck.

459

Alright, the next one, also a spelling mistake.

460

They had been chatting.

461

That's what the person wanted to say.

462

They had been chatting for a long time, or they had been chatting for an hour.

463

But the spelling says c -h -a -t -i -n -g right now,

464

and that's incorrect because let's look at our base verb, okay, chat. So, we have...

465

Consonant, vowel, consonant, and that means that in this case, we doubled the last letter.

466

And did the student do that?

467

No. Okay?

468

So, let's fix it.

469

They had been chatting, okay?

470

They had been chatting for a long time, or chatting, that's another way to pronounce it.

471

Okay?

472

Okay?

473

Next, sometimes a lot of mistakes are made with these words since and for.

474

Let's look at a mistake right now.

475

The police had been looking for him since two months.

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So that is completely wrong.

477

You don't want to make that mistake, not in an exam, not while speaking, not while writing a business letter,

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in no situations, okay, because this is not a good mistake to make.

479

It's a pretty basic mistake.

480

So, we should say, in this case, the police had been looking for him for two months.

481

Why?

482

Because we use for plus the period of time, and we use since plus a point in time.

483

Okay?

484

Okay?

485

So, we could say since January 15th or since January,

486

but for two months, for six months, like that.

487

Okay?

488

So, these are some of the common mistakes to avoid when using this tense.

489

So, to review now, you know the past perfect continuous tense when you know when to use it, when not to use it,

490

and how to use it.

491

All of which we have covered in this class, and of course, you can go back, you can watch any particular area that you want to review,

492

and that's always a good idea, okay?

493

But what does it mean to actually know how to use it?

494

It means to be able to make a positive sentence, a negative sentence, and a question, right?

495

For example, they had been learning English.

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English.

497

The negative, they hadn't been learning English.

498

The question, had they been learning English?

499

All right?

500

And also, you should be able to add those question words when necessary before the question.

501

For example, where had they been learning English?

502

How long had they been learning English?

503

Why had they been learning English?

504

Okay?

505

So, when you can do that comfortably and move between positive and negative questions, then you've got it.

506

And if you have reached this stage and you are learning the past perfect continuous tense, and you watched this class all the way through,

507

I know that you are a serious learner and you are someone who achieves your goals in life.

508

I have been teaching for 30 years and I know the people who make it to this stage are winners, and you are one of them.

509

Congratulations, really.

510

Now, when you're ready, remember, this is a series, so go on to watch the next video in the series so that you can continue to improve.

511

And if you'd like to do some more practice, then you can do a quiz on engVid.

512

Thanks very much for watching, and all the best with your English.

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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon

Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau B2 s’appuie sur la vidéo « Learn English Tenses: PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : tense, verb, continuous, perfect, example. Cette vidéo contient 512 phrases et 4715 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 38:28. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 123 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. 87 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc facile à suivre. 161 de ses 512 phrases sont des questions : un bon entraînement pour l’intonation interrogative et les réponses courtes.

Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo

Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :

Mot	Prononciation	Sens
tense nom	/tɛns/	temps, temps verbal
verb nom	/vɝb/	verbe
contraction nom	/kənˈtɹækʃ(ə)n/	contraction
spelling nom	/ˈspɛl.ɪŋ/	orthographe
consonant nom	/ˈkɑn.sə.nənt/	consonne
cancel verbe	/ˈkæn.sl̩/	annuler, résilier
apostrophe nom	/əˈpɑs.tɹə.fi/	apostrophe
vowel nom	/ˈvaʊ.əl/	voyelle
shorten verbe	/ˈʃɔɹtn̩/	raccourcir, écourter
pronounce verbe	/pɹəˈnaʊns/	déclarer
litter nom	/ˈlɪt.ɚ/	litière
unwell adjectif	/ʌnˈwɛl/	indisposé, souffrant
voicemail nom		boîte vocale, messagerie vocale
informal adjectif	/ɪnˈfɔɹ.m(ə)l/	informel
variation nom	/ˌvɛəɹiˈeɪʃn̩/	variation

Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez

Mot	Sens
go back verbe	rentrer, retourner
pick up verbe	soulever
take out verbe	supprimer, sortir

Des phrases à répéter

Des phrases courtes et complètes de la vidéo, à réutiliser dans la conversation de tous les jours :

Next, how do we form a question?
Sorry, where had you been working?
Why had you been working?
How long had you been working?
Had you been considering that offer?

La grammaire de cette vidéo

Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :

Structure	Dans la vidéo
Present perfect continu have/has been + -ing — une action commencée avant et toujours en cours	has been looking · we've been learning · have been teaching
Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose	Tense, which is · words which are · contractions, which are
Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait	is also called · be shortened · are made
Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant	I've divided · I've given · you've practiced

Prononciation à surveiller

Le locuteur utilise 91 contractions et formes réduites, comme hadn't, we're, he'd. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.

Les sons « sh » et « zh »: contraction /kənˈtɹækʃ(ə)n/, shorten /ˈʃɔɹtn̩/, variation /ˌvɛəɹiˈeɪʃn̩/, duration /dʒʊˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, conversational /ˌkɒnvə(ɹ)ˈseɪʃənəl/
Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: apostrophe /əˈpɑs.tɹə.fi/, conversational /ˌkɒnvə(ɹ)ˈseɪʃənəl/, pronunciation /pɹəˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/

Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :

/r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: contraction /kənˈtɹækʃ(ə)n/, apostrophe /əˈpɑs.tɹə.fi/, shorten /ˈʃɔɹtn̩/, pronounce /pɹəˈnaʊns/, informal /ɪnˈfɔɹ.m(ə)l/

Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo

Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme tense, verb, contraction.

Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?

Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.

Technique du shadowing : lire le guide complet étape par étape →

Pratique du Shadowing: Learn English Tenses: PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo

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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon

Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo

Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez

Des phrases à répéter

La grammaire de cette vidéo

Prononciation à surveiller

Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo

Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?