シャドーイング練習: Learn English Tenses: PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

Welcome to this class on the Past Perfect Continuous Tense, which is also called the Past Perfect Progressive Tense.

Now, this class is part of a series created by engVid

to help you learn to use the different English verb tenses and to communicate more effectively in English.

Okay?

Now, this tense is an advanced tense and we use it to talk about the past in a lot of interesting ways, and you'll see what they are.

But most of all, you can learn it easily and naturally, and I think you will be using it in that way by the end of this class.

So, are you ready?

Let's get started.

So, the past perfect continuous tense, which is what I'm going to call it, every time I'm not going to say both names, okay?

I'll just say one name.

So, the past perfect continuous Continuous tense is used to talk about something

that started in the past and continued in the past, but everything is in the past.

You also know that because it has the word past in it, so it's about the past, and it has the word continuous in it,

which means something continued, right?

So that's a big clue.

But, let's understand it a little bit better by looking at some examples.

So, we can use this tense to talk about something that had been happening in the past.

For example, let's look at the timeline.

This is now, and this is the past.

So, if I talk about this period, from the first x to the second x, I could say, I had been during...

Sorry, during that period, I had been living in Florida, right?

During this period, from this time to this time, everything in the past, I had been living in Florida.

Or, I can also use it to describe something that had been happening and then something else happened.

For example, I could say, I had been living in Florida before I moved to California.

So let's say that at this point I moved to California, right?

But before that, I had been living in Florida, okay?

And there is a reason, which you will understand as we go forward, why we're using that continuous form, alright?

So that's some basic idea of how it's being used.

Now let's look at the structure a little bit.

So basically we take the subject, I, you, we, they, he, she, or it it,

we add had been, and then we take the verb and add ing.

We use the continuous form.

For example, I had been living in Florida.

I had been working hard in Florida.

I had been saving a lot of money.

Why?

Because I was planning to move to California.

Okay?

So, you could use all of these.

I had been living, I had been working hard, I had been saving.

Okay?

So, this is the past perfect continuous tense.

Now let's look at when we use the past perfect continuous tense.

So, we can use it to talk about a past activity that had been happening.

Okay?

Just that.

That's one way.

Okay, for example, we could say, it had been snowing all week.

We're just saying that this activity that started in the past, continued in the past, and which part is the past perfect continuous?

Here.

It had been snowing all week, alright?

We can use it like that.

Now, another way.

We can use it to describe an activity in the past that had been happening before another activity happened.

So, another activity happened, and our past perfect continuous activity had been happening.

Okay?

It had been happening before another activity happened.

So, let's look at the example example, we had been playing golf before it started to rain.

So, this part...

Had been playing is our past perfect continuous tense, so we had been playing and then it started to rain.

Started is not past perfect continuous,

that's just past simple, but this part shows us that this activity had been happening until this one happened.

Alright, we can also use this tense to talk about a past activity or action that had been happening,

and we want to say the duration or how long it had been happening.

For example, they had been working on that project for six months,

or they had been working on that project since January.

Okay?

So, had been working, this is our past perfect continuous, and how do we know the duration or how long,

with these key words which are often used with this tense.

They had been working on that project for six months,

or the other word, they had been working on that project since January.

These are very common words that you will see being used with this tense.

Alright, next, we can use it to describe activities that had been happening in the past

and they had some kind of pattern or routine.

For example, we had been going to the gym regularly, okay?

So here, had been going.

Maybe people are telling you that

because they want to tell you we had been going to the gym regularly before it closed.

Now we have to find a new gym, okay?

Okay?

So, that's one way to describe some sort of a regular pattern that had been going on in the past.

Okay?

Are you with me?

You've got it.

Next, we can also use it to describe an activity that had been happening plus the reason or cause for that.

For example, we can connect it to a cause.

We could say, she was tired.

Why?

because she had been studying all night.

So, this had been studying, right?

This is our tense, but we say we're connecting it to a cause.

She was tired because she had been studying.

She was exhausted because she had been studying.

She was sleepy because she had been studying.

Okay?

So, sometimes this tense is used to give us a cause, or sometimes it can be a result.

All right?

And what's really important is not just when to use it, which is what we looked at so far, but also when not to use it.

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So, as in many of our continuous verbs, we cannot use some stative verbs with this tense.

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With some continuous tenses, you cannot use any of the stative verbs or only in a particular way.

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In this case, we can't use some of them or most of them with this tense.

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Now, what is a stative verb?

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Remember, in English, there are two kinds of verbs.

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There are the action verbs like run, eat, jump, and there are the stative verbs,

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words, which describe a state or a condition.

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For example, they could be mental states, I believe, I know, I understand.

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Or emotional states, like I love, I hate, I like, I dislike.

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These are examples of stative verbs and you will see a long list in any grammar book or if you check online.

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And with these stative verbs, we should not be using these verbs in the past perfect continuous tense.

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Alright?

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So, this is when to use the tense and also when not to use it.

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Now let's look at the structure of the past perfect continuous tense.

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So, I've divided the board into three parts for a positive sentence, a negative sentence, and a question.

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So, let's start with the first one.

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In a positive sentence, what we basically do is we take the subject plus had been plus the verb plus ing.

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Let's look at an example.

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So, we take the subject, subject could be one of these, I, you, we, they, he, she, or it.

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Then we add had been.

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Then, we add the verb, in this case, work, plus ing.

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Okay?

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So, say it after me.

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I had been working, you had been working,

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we had been working, they had been working,

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he had been working, she had been working, and it had been working.

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Okay?

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Good.

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You've just used this tense.

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Good for you.

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Next, let's look at what happens when we want to make a negative sentence, then basically we're adding the word not, okay?

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This is the only change here, so we could say, I had not been working.

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That's completely correct, but it's a little more formal, all right?

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So in regular conversation, we would probably say, I hadn't been working.

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Hadn't is the contraction or the short form of the two words, had plus not.

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So basically, we cancelled this o, we added an apostrophe, and we shortened it, okay?

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We'll be looking more at contractions in a few minutes.

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So, I hadn't been working,

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you hadn't been working, we hadn't been working, the same thing, okay?

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Okay?

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They hadn't been working, he hadn't been working, she hadn't been working, it hadn't been working.

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It meaning maybe the computer or the phone or something else.

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Okay?

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Next, how do we form a question?

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Well, we have to change the order around a little bit.

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So we start with had, and then the subject, and then been plus the verb plus ing.

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G. So, we could say, had you been working at that time? Had they been working? Had she been working?

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Okay?

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So, just change the order.

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All right?

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Instead of had been, we have to say had, plus the subject, and then been.

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Okay?

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So, also, remember, you can add question words, right?

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Who, what, when, where, why, how, these are our question words generally.

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So, if you need to add a question word before that, then keep this same structure and just put this first.

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So, for example, you could say, where...

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Sorry, where had you been working?

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All right?

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Why had you been working?

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How long had you been working?

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All right?

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So, if you're going to use one of those question words, put it just before and then continue with the same structure.

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And that's basically how you form sentences and questions in the past perfect continuous tense.

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Now, let's look at how we form contractions using the past perfect continuous tense.

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So basically, contractions, which are those shortened forms, like instead of I had not, we say I hadn't, and so on,

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we use these more in conversation and informal writing writing.

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We do not use them so much in formal business writing or in academic writing, okay?

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So keep that in mind as we learn these.

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So, let's take an example first of the positive sentence.

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That can also be shortened or contracted.

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Let's look at how.

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So, I had been calling.

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This is the full form.

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The short part of that, the contraction, would be I'd been.

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So how did we get this I'd?

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We basically took I had and we cancelled the part of it

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and added an apostrophe in place of where we removed or took out some letters.

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So I had been becomes I'd been.

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Now, when you contract it like that, it's also very important to pronounce it correctly.

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Because if you don't, and if we don't hear that D sound at the end, then somebody else might think that your grammar is incorrect.

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Okay?

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So, that's why we're going to also practice the pronunciation after we look at the form and spelling of the contraction.

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So, for the positive form, I had been becomes I'd been.

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For the negative form, I had not been calling, that becomes I hadn't been, as we saw earlier.

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So I hadn't, right?

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So what happened?

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We took had not, we got rid of the O here,

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we added an apostrophe, and we joined these two words.

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So, I had not...

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Been becomes I hadn't been.

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Again, it's important to say the endings of these words.

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So now, let's practice pronouncing this tense with lots of different variations and different verbs.

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Okay?

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So, you will feel so much more comfortable actually saying it and using it once we reach the end of it here.

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So, repeat after me and try to pay attention to each sound.

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I'd been calling, you'd been writing,

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we'd been cooking, they'd been watching,

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he'd been been studying, and she'd been reading." So,

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we want to hear that d sound at the end, she'd.

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Okay?

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Now, I didn't put it.

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Sometimes you will hear people saying that, it had been a long time, but it's a little bit tricky to say, and so if it's not clear,

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sometimes it's better to kind of avoid it and just say it had been from your side, but you can understand and you should know that people might use that form.

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It's actually used a lot more in the negative form, but let's look at some basic negative forms first.

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So, repeat after me again.

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I hadn't been checking.

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You hadn't been playing.

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We hadn't been talking.

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They They hadn't been going.

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He hadn't been attending.

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And the last one, she hadn't been listening.

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Not like you, you were listening.

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Okay?

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So, this is how we contract and pronounce these contractions in the past perfect continuous tense.

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Now let's look at some spelling changes we need to make when using this tense.

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So, these changes are made in the base form of the verb.

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When we add the ing, sometimes we need to change the spelling, so let's look at what those changes are.

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So, for most verbs, we just need to add ing.

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For example, help becomes helping.

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Dream, dreaming, right?

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Okay?

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All we did is we added ing, and that will be the case for most verbs, but not all verbs.

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Okay?

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So, sometimes for verbs ending in e, there what we do is we have to drop the e, right?

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Cancel the e, and then add the ing.

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For example, the verb hire.

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So, what do we do?

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We cancel the e and make it hiring.

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What does it mean to hire someone?

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To go give someone a job.

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All right?

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Or the verb make becomes making.

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Again, we got rid of this e, and we added ing.

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Good.

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Now, for verbs that end in ie,

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what we need to do is to change the ie to a y.

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Let me show you why. So, die becomes dying.

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So, we need to cancel this, right?

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Cancel the ie and change it to a y and then add ing.

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All right?

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So, die becomes dying, tie becomes tying.

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Good.

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And then, in some cases, for verbs ending in C, V, C, what do I mean by that?

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Consonant, vowel, consonant.

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So, then we need to double the last letter.

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Let me show you what I mean.

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You look at the verb, let's take this verb, swim, you look look at the verb from the end.

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So, we see consonant, vowel, consonant.

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Remember, a vowel is A, E, I, O, or U, and all the other letters in English are consonants.

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So, if you see this pattern, not all the time, but most of the time, if you look at the verb from the end and you see consonant,

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vowel, consonant, then we need to...

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very often, double that last letter.

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So, swim becomes swimming.

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Control, see here?

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CVC, right, looking this way, becomes...

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Control becomes controlling.

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Alright?

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So, these are the basic changes that you need to keep in mind.

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Of course, English has a lot of variations in spelling, and sometimes you have, you're going to have several exceptions, which you'll pick up as you go along.

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Now, let's look at how to give a short, easy answer when someone asks you a question using this tense.

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So, suppose someone says, had he been waiting for a long time?

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So this is the past perfect continuous tense, right?

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But instead of repeating everything again, we can just say, yes, he had, or no, he hadn't.

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Let's go over that again.

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Someone asks, had he been waiting for a long time?

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So you say, yes, he had, you take that from here, from the question itself.

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The question begins with had, and your answer will include some form of had had.

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So, had he been waiting?

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Yes, he had, or no, he hadn't.

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All right?

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Now, what's important?

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Here, we do use the contraction, but in this one, in the short answer, we do not...

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In the positive short answer, we do not use a contraction.

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You cannot use a contraction.

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So, in other words, you cannot say, yes, he'd.

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That's not possible.

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Okay?

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You have to say, yes, he had, or no, he hadn't.

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Good.

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Let's look at another one.

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Had you been considering that offer?

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Let's say it was a job offer or something else.

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Okay?

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Had you been considering that offer?

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What does considering mean?

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Thinking it...

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Thinking about it?

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Okay?

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Okay?

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Alright?

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So, again, it starts with had, so your answer will include some form of had.

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So, had you been considering it?

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Yes, I had, or no, I hadn't.

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Again, no contraction possible in the positive answer.

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Next, had they been planning a trip?

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What can you say?

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Yes, they had, or no, they hadn't.

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Okay?

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Again, no contraction possible in that positive response, okay?

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And this is usually in conversational English.

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We use a lot of these short answers because it saves time

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and you don't need to repeat the entire information that was in the question, okay?

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Okay?

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So, if I ask you, for example, had you been planning to study this tense today?

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You could say, either one of these, yes I had, or no I hadn't, but I'm so glad I did.

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Okay.

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Now, let's do some practice together using the past perfect continuous tense.

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So, we'll make some positive sentences, some negative sentences, and some questions, okay?

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So, let's start with number one.

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I think of ordering pizza.

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So, I've given you the verb, now we're going to change that into the past perfect continuous.

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So, I, what, if the verb is think, then we have to say,

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I had been thinking, right?

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I had been thinking of ordering pizza.

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Okay?

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Good.

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Now, here I wrote the full form one.

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We might not always use the full form, we could also use the contraction.

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All right.

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Number two, he hoped to get a promotion.

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What is a promotion?

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It means a higher position at work, okay?

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In your job.

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So, how would we change that into the past perfect continuous? is,

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he, yes, had been hoping.

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Now, let's contract it.

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So, then we would say, he'd been hoping, right?

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He had been hoping or he'd.

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he'd been hoping to get a promotion.

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All right?

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You can say that too, and definitely in more informal conversation.

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All right.

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Number three, they look for the key.

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This time, let's say the full form, not the contraction.

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They had been...

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What?

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Look becomes looking, right?

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They had been looking for the key.

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Good.

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There is a G here, okay?

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Remember that.

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Good.

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Number Number four.

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She miss her family.

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This time, let's shorten it.

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So, what would it be?

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She'd been missing her family.

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Okay?

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Very good.

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Good.

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Number five, Jose prepare for his exam.

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Let's use the full form,

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Jose had been preparing for his exam.

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Okay?

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You got it.

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Very good.

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All right.

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Now, let's make them negative.

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He exercised regularly.

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So, we want to say that he didn't do that.

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So, how can we say that?

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He hadn't been exercising regularly.

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Okay?

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He had not been exercising regularly, Or, he hadn't been exercising regularly.

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Good.

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That's the basic format.

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Let's apply it now.

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Number seven, we check our voicemail.

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Make it negative.

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We hadn't been checking our voicemail.

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Well, we hadn't been checking our voicemail, alright?

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Number eight, I sleep well.

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Make it negative and pass perfect continuous,

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I hadn't been sleeping well.

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I hadn't been sleeping well.

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Okay?

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Excellent.

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Excellent.

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Now, for the last two, we're going to make them into questions.

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Are you ready? Had he feel unwell?

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So, what would we say, in what order?

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Had he been feeling unwell? well.

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Had he been feeling unwell?

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Okay?

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Good.

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And the last one, had you text each other?

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Text today is very much used as a verb, so how would we change that?

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Had you been texting each other.

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Okay?

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Had you been texting each other?

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Okay?

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That's it.

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Now you've practiced some sentence -positive sentences, some negative sentences, some questions,

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and I hope you're feeling a lot more confident about using this tense correctly and easily.

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Now let's look at some common mistakes that are sometimes made when using the past perfect continuous tense, and let's see how we can fix them.

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So, the first mistake that's sometimes made is that the wrong tense is actually used or chosen.

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So, let me give you a situation.

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Suppose John was looking for a job and then he found one.

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Okay?

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So, how would we convey that information in English?

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Which tense would we use?

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I'll read two of the possibilities to you.

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John has been looking for a job, or John had been looking for a job.

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Think about it for a second.

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So, in this case, the correct answer is the second one, which is, in fact, our tense,

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the past perfect continuous, had been looking, why?

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Because this describes a situation where John was doing something, it continued for some time,

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and then it stopped because he found a job.

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So, we can use correctly the past perfect continuous.

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John had been looking for a job in the past.

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He started looking, he was looking and looking and looking, and then he stopped because he found a job, right?

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So, that is the perfect use of our tense that we've been learning.

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But sometimes by mistake, students mix that up with another tense, sentence, which is this one, John has been looking for a job.

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Do you remember which tense that is?

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That's the present perfect continuous tense.

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So, John has been looking for a job means what?

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It means that he started looking and he's still looking, but that's not the situation here, right?

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John found one, so he finished looking.

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So, this was the correct choice here, but sometimes students confuse the present perfect continuous with the past perfect continuous.

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So make sure that you understand these two tenses clearly, understand the differences, and that you choose the past perfect continuous at the right time.

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Okay, the next mistake with this tense is the use of the stative verb.

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As I mentioned, very often and most of the time, we do not use stative verbs with this tense.

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For example, these are all wrong, by the way, okay?

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Most of these things here are wrong, so let's look at what's wrong with them.

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They had been knowing each other for many years.

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What's wrong with that?

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It's the fact that a stative verb is being used.

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Which stative verb? verb, the verb know.

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Okay?

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We cannot use that in the continuous form, so we would have to not use this tense.

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There is no way we can continue to use the past perfect continuous with this verb.

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You just can't use it because there is no way to correctly say knowing in each other as a verb.

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So, here, we would have to say, they had, for example, known...

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They had known each other for many years, which is just the past perfect and not the past perfect continuous.

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All right?

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So, if you have a stative verb to use in this kind of context of a past action,

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you're probably going to have to switch back to the past perfect tense and not the continuous one, alright?

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Next, spelling mistakes.

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These are quite common.

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Let's look at the first one.

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She hadn't been attending classes, so look carefully at the board and tell me where's the spelling mistake.

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I'll give you a clue.

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It's in the contraction here, right?

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Alright?

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So, the apostrophe is in the wrong place.

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It should be she hadn't.

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Hadn't been attending and the apostrophe should be where the O was removed and not here.

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Okay?

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Alright.

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The next one, also a spelling mistake.

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The traffic hadn't been moving.

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What's wrong there? there, this time the contraction is okay, but the verb itself is wrong when we add ing.

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Why?

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Do you remember the rule?

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We had some of these examples in our practice, in fact, so how do we fix it?

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We cancel this e, all right?

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So when the base form of the verb ends with an e, like the verb move, we cancel the e and we add ing.

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So, the correct spelling would be moving, okay, without the e.

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The traffic hadn't been moving, it was stuck.

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Alright, the next one, also a spelling mistake.

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They had been chatting.

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That's what the person wanted to say.

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They had been chatting for a long time, or they had been chatting for an hour.

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But the spelling says c -h -a -t -i -n -g right now,

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and that's incorrect because let's look at our base verb, okay, chat. So, we have...

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Consonant, vowel, consonant, and that means that in this case, we doubled the last letter.

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And did the student do that?

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No. Okay?

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So, let's fix it.

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They had been chatting, okay?

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They had been chatting for a long time, or chatting, that's another way to pronounce it.

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Okay?

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Okay?

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Next, sometimes a lot of mistakes are made with these words since and for.

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Let's look at a mistake right now.

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The police had been looking for him since two months.

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So that is completely wrong.

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You don't want to make that mistake, not in an exam, not while speaking, not while writing a business letter,

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in no situations, okay, because this is not a good mistake to make.

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It's a pretty basic mistake.

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So, we should say, in this case, the police had been looking for him for two months.

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Why?

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Because we use for plus the period of time, and we use since plus a point in time.

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Okay?

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Okay?

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So, we could say since January 15th or since January,

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but for two months, for six months, like that.

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Okay?

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So, these are some of the common mistakes to avoid when using this tense.

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So, to review now, you know the past perfect continuous tense when you know when to use it, when not to use it,

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and how to use it.

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All of which we have covered in this class, and of course, you can go back, you can watch any particular area that you want to review,

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and that's always a good idea, okay?

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But what does it mean to actually know how to use it?

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It means to be able to make a positive sentence, a negative sentence, and a question, right?

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For example, they had been learning English.

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English.

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The negative, they hadn't been learning English.

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The question, had they been learning English?

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All right?

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And also, you should be able to add those question words when necessary before the question.

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For example, where had they been learning English?

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How long had they been learning English?

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Why had they been learning English?

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Okay?

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So, when you can do that comfortably and move between positive and negative questions, then you've got it.

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And if you have reached this stage and you are learning the past perfect continuous tense, and you watched this class all the way through,

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I know that you are a serious learner and you are someone who achieves your goals in life.

508

I have been teaching for 30 years and I know the people who make it to this stage are winners, and you are one of them.

509

Congratulations, really.

510

Now, when you're ready, remember, this is a series, so go on to watch the next video in the series so that you can continue to improve.

511

And if you'd like to do some more practice, then you can do a quiz on engVid.

512

Thanks very much for watching, and all the best with your English.

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

このB2レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Learn English Tenses: PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS」を教材にしています。繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：tense, verb, continuous, perfect, example。この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が512文、単語が4715語あります。音声の長さは38:28です。話す速さは1分あたり約123語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。単語の87%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれるため、語彙は分かりやすいです。全512文のうち161文が疑問文なので、疑問文のイントネーションや短い受け答えの練習に向いています。

この動画の重要語彙

動画の中で特に難しい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語	発音	意味
tense 名詞	/tɛns/	時制
verb 名詞	/vɝb/	動詞
contraction 名詞	/kənˈtɹækʃ(ə)n/	収縮
spelling 名詞	/ˈspɛl.ɪŋ/	綴り字, 綴り
consonant 名詞	/ˈkɑn.sə.nənt/	子音
cancel 動詞	/ˈkæn.sl̩/	取り消す, 取り止める
apostrophe 名詞	/əˈpɑs.tɹə.fi/	アポストロフィー, アポストロフ
vowel 名詞	/ˈvaʊ.əl/	母音
shorten 動詞	/ˈʃɔɹtn̩/	縮める, 短くする
litter 名詞	/ˈlɪt.ɚ/	ごみ
voicemail 名詞		ボイスメール, ヴォイスメール
informal 形容詞	/ɪnˈfɔɹ.m(ə)l/	非公式の, 日常の
incorrect 形容詞	/ˌɪn.kəˈɹɛkt/	間違った
variation 名詞	/ˌvɛəɹiˈeɪʃn̩/	変動, 変化
duration 名詞	/dʒʊˈɹeɪ.ʃən/	期間, 存続

動画に出てくる句動詞

単語	意味
go back 動詞	戻る, 帰る
pick up 動詞	拾う, 拾い上げる
take out 動詞	取り出す

繰り返し練習したい文

動画に出てくる短く完結した文です。日常会話でそのまま使えます。

Next, how do we form a question?
Sorry, where had you been working?
Why had you been working?
How long had you been working?
Had you been considering that offer?

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型	動画での表現
現在完了進行形 have/has been + -ing — 以前に始まり今も続いている動作	has been looking · we've been learning · have been teaching
関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える	Tense, which is · words which are · contractions, which are
受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる	is also called · be shortened · are made
現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している	I've divided · I've given · you've practiced

注意したい発音

話し手はhadn't, we're, he'dなど、短縮形や弱形を91回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。

「sh」と「zh」の音: contraction /kənˈtɹækʃ(ə)n/, shorten /ˈʃɔɹtn̩/, variation /ˌvɛəɹiˈeɪʃn̩/, duration /dʒʊˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, conversational /ˌkɒnvə(ɹ)ˈseɪʃənəl/
長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: apostrophe /əˈpɑs.tɹə.fi/, conversational /ˌkɒnvə(ɹ)ˈseɪʃənəl/, pronunciation /pɹəˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/

日本語話者が苦手な音：

/r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: informal /ɪnˈfɔɹ.m(ə)l/, conversational /ˌkɒnvə(ɹ)ˈseɪʃənəl/, learner /ˈlɜɹnəɹ/
/v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: verb /vɝb/, stative /ˈsteɪtɪv/, vowel /ˈvaʊ.əl/, variation /ˌvɛəɹiˈeɪʃn̩/, conversational /ˌkɒnvə(ɹ)ˈseɪʃənəl/
/f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: apostrophe /əˈpɑs.tɹə.fi/, informal /ɪnˈfɔɹ.m(ə)l/, confuse /kənˈfjuːz/, comfortably /ˈkʌmftɚbli/

この動画での練習方法

まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。tense, verb, contractionなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

シャドーイング練習: Learn English Tenses: PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

この動画の重要語彙

動画に出てくる句動詞

繰り返し練習したい文

この動画の文法

注意したい発音

この動画での練習方法

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由