Shadowing Practice: Learn English Tenses: PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS - Learn English Speaking with Video

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Welcome to this class on the Past Perfect Continuous Tense, which is also called the Past Perfect Progressive Tense.

Now, this class is part of a series created by engVid

to help you learn to use the different English verb tenses and to communicate more effectively in English.

Okay?

Now, this tense is an advanced tense and we use it to talk about the past in a lot of interesting ways, and you'll see what they are.

But most of all, you can learn it easily and naturally, and I think you will be using it in that way by the end of this class.

So, are you ready?

Let's get started.

So, the past perfect continuous tense, which is what I'm going to call it, every time I'm not going to say both names, okay?

I'll just say one name.

So, the past perfect continuous Continuous tense is used to talk about something

that started in the past and continued in the past, but everything is in the past.

You also know that because it has the word past in it, so it's about the past, and it has the word continuous in it,

which means something continued, right?

So that's a big clue.

But, let's understand it a little bit better by looking at some examples.

So, we can use this tense to talk about something that had been happening in the past.

For example, let's look at the timeline.

This is now, and this is the past.

So, if I talk about this period, from the first x to the second x, I could say, I had been during...

Sorry, during that period, I had been living in Florida, right?

During this period, from this time to this time, everything in the past, I had been living in Florida.

Or, I can also use it to describe something that had been happening and then something else happened.

For example, I could say, I had been living in Florida before I moved to California.

So let's say that at this point I moved to California, right?

But before that, I had been living in Florida, okay?

And there is a reason, which you will understand as we go forward, why we're using that continuous form, alright?

So that's some basic idea of how it's being used.

Now let's look at the structure a little bit.

So basically we take the subject, I, you, we, they, he, she, or it it,

we add had been, and then we take the verb and add ing.

We use the continuous form.

For example, I had been living in Florida.

I had been working hard in Florida.

I had been saving a lot of money.

Why?

Because I was planning to move to California.

Okay?

So, you could use all of these.

I had been living, I had been working hard, I had been saving.

Okay?

So, this is the past perfect continuous tense.

Now let's look at when we use the past perfect continuous tense.

So, we can use it to talk about a past activity that had been happening.

Okay?

Just that.

That's one way.

Okay, for example, we could say, it had been snowing all week.

We're just saying that this activity that started in the past, continued in the past, and which part is the past perfect continuous?

Here.

It had been snowing all week, alright?

We can use it like that.

Now, another way.

We can use it to describe an activity in the past that had been happening before another activity happened.

So, another activity happened, and our past perfect continuous activity had been happening.

Okay?

It had been happening before another activity happened.

So, let's look at the example example, we had been playing golf before it started to rain.

So, this part...

Had been playing is our past perfect continuous tense, so we had been playing and then it started to rain.

Started is not past perfect continuous,

that's just past simple, but this part shows us that this activity had been happening until this one happened.

Alright, we can also use this tense to talk about a past activity or action that had been happening,

and we want to say the duration or how long it had been happening.

For example, they had been working on that project for six months,

or they had been working on that project since January.

Okay?

So, had been working, this is our past perfect continuous, and how do we know the duration or how long,

with these key words which are often used with this tense.

They had been working on that project for six months,

or the other word, they had been working on that project since January.

These are very common words that you will see being used with this tense.

Alright, next, we can use it to describe activities that had been happening in the past

and they had some kind of pattern or routine.

For example, we had been going to the gym regularly, okay?

So here, had been going.

Maybe people are telling you that

because they want to tell you we had been going to the gym regularly before it closed.

Now we have to find a new gym, okay?

Okay?

So, that's one way to describe some sort of a regular pattern that had been going on in the past.

Okay?

Are you with me?

You've got it.

Next, we can also use it to describe an activity that had been happening plus the reason or cause for that.

For example, we can connect it to a cause.

We could say, she was tired.

Why?

because she had been studying all night.

So, this had been studying, right?

This is our tense, but we say we're connecting it to a cause.

She was tired because she had been studying.

She was exhausted because she had been studying.

She was sleepy because she had been studying.

Okay?

So, sometimes this tense is used to give us a cause, or sometimes it can be a result.

All right?

And what's really important is not just when to use it, which is what we looked at so far, but also when not to use it.

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So, as in many of our continuous verbs, we cannot use some stative verbs with this tense.

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With some continuous tenses, you cannot use any of the stative verbs or only in a particular way.

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In this case, we can't use some of them or most of them with this tense.

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Now, what is a stative verb?

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Remember, in English, there are two kinds of verbs.

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There are the action verbs like run, eat, jump, and there are the stative verbs,

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words, which describe a state or a condition.

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For example, they could be mental states, I believe, I know, I understand.

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Or emotional states, like I love, I hate, I like, I dislike.

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These are examples of stative verbs and you will see a long list in any grammar book or if you check online.

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And with these stative verbs, we should not be using these verbs in the past perfect continuous tense.

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Alright?

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So, this is when to use the tense and also when not to use it.

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Now let's look at the structure of the past perfect continuous tense.

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So, I've divided the board into three parts for a positive sentence, a negative sentence, and a question.

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So, let's start with the first one.

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In a positive sentence, what we basically do is we take the subject plus had been plus the verb plus ing.

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Let's look at an example.

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So, we take the subject, subject could be one of these, I, you, we, they, he, she, or it.

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Then we add had been.

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Then, we add the verb, in this case, work, plus ing.

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Okay?

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So, say it after me.

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I had been working, you had been working,

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we had been working, they had been working,

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he had been working, she had been working, and it had been working.

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Okay?

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Good.

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You've just used this tense.

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Good for you.

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Next, let's look at what happens when we want to make a negative sentence, then basically we're adding the word not, okay?

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This is the only change here, so we could say, I had not been working.

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That's completely correct, but it's a little more formal, all right?

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So in regular conversation, we would probably say, I hadn't been working.

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Hadn't is the contraction or the short form of the two words, had plus not.

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So basically, we cancelled this o, we added an apostrophe, and we shortened it, okay?

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We'll be looking more at contractions in a few minutes.

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So, I hadn't been working,

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you hadn't been working, we hadn't been working, the same thing, okay?

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Okay?

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They hadn't been working, he hadn't been working, she hadn't been working, it hadn't been working.

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It meaning maybe the computer or the phone or something else.

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Okay?

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Next, how do we form a question?

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Well, we have to change the order around a little bit.

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So we start with had, and then the subject, and then been plus the verb plus ing.

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G. So, we could say, had you been working at that time? Had they been working? Had she been working?

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Okay?

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So, just change the order.

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All right?

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Instead of had been, we have to say had, plus the subject, and then been.

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Okay?

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So, also, remember, you can add question words, right?

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Who, what, when, where, why, how, these are our question words generally.

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So, if you need to add a question word before that, then keep this same structure and just put this first.

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So, for example, you could say, where...

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Sorry, where had you been working?

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All right?

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Why had you been working?

159

How long had you been working?

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All right?

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So, if you're going to use one of those question words, put it just before and then continue with the same structure.

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And that's basically how you form sentences and questions in the past perfect continuous tense.

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Now, let's look at how we form contractions using the past perfect continuous tense.

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So basically, contractions, which are those shortened forms, like instead of I had not, we say I hadn't, and so on,

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we use these more in conversation and informal writing writing.

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We do not use them so much in formal business writing or in academic writing, okay?

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So keep that in mind as we learn these.

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So, let's take an example first of the positive sentence.

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That can also be shortened or contracted.

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Let's look at how.

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So, I had been calling.

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This is the full form.

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The short part of that, the contraction, would be I'd been.

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So how did we get this I'd?

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We basically took I had and we cancelled the part of it

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and added an apostrophe in place of where we removed or took out some letters.

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So I had been becomes I'd been.

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Now, when you contract it like that, it's also very important to pronounce it correctly.

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Because if you don't, and if we don't hear that D sound at the end, then somebody else might think that your grammar is incorrect.

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Okay?

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So, that's why we're going to also practice the pronunciation after we look at the form and spelling of the contraction.

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So, for the positive form, I had been becomes I'd been.

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For the negative form, I had not been calling, that becomes I hadn't been, as we saw earlier.

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So I hadn't, right?

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So what happened?

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We took had not, we got rid of the O here,

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we added an apostrophe, and we joined these two words.

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So, I had not...

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Been becomes I hadn't been.

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Again, it's important to say the endings of these words.

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So now, let's practice pronouncing this tense with lots of different variations and different verbs.

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Okay?

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So, you will feel so much more comfortable actually saying it and using it once we reach the end of it here.

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So, repeat after me and try to pay attention to each sound.

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I'd been calling, you'd been writing,

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we'd been cooking, they'd been watching,

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he'd been been studying, and she'd been reading." So,

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we want to hear that d sound at the end, she'd.

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Okay?

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Now, I didn't put it.

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Sometimes you will hear people saying that, it had been a long time, but it's a little bit tricky to say, and so if it's not clear,

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sometimes it's better to kind of avoid it and just say it had been from your side, but you can understand and you should know that people might use that form.

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It's actually used a lot more in the negative form, but let's look at some basic negative forms first.

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So, repeat after me again.

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I hadn't been checking.

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You hadn't been playing.

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We hadn't been talking.

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They They hadn't been going.

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He hadn't been attending.

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And the last one, she hadn't been listening.

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Not like you, you were listening.

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Okay?

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So, this is how we contract and pronounce these contractions in the past perfect continuous tense.

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Now let's look at some spelling changes we need to make when using this tense.

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So, these changes are made in the base form of the verb.

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When we add the ing, sometimes we need to change the spelling, so let's look at what those changes are.

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So, for most verbs, we just need to add ing.

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For example, help becomes helping.

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Dream, dreaming, right?

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Okay?

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All we did is we added ing, and that will be the case for most verbs, but not all verbs.

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Okay?

223

So, sometimes for verbs ending in e, there what we do is we have to drop the e, right?

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Cancel the e, and then add the ing.

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For example, the verb hire.

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So, what do we do?

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We cancel the e and make it hiring.

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What does it mean to hire someone?

229

To go give someone a job.

230

All right?

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Or the verb make becomes making.

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Again, we got rid of this e, and we added ing.

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Good.

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Now, for verbs that end in ie,

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what we need to do is to change the ie to a y.

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Let me show you why. So, die becomes dying.

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So, we need to cancel this, right?

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Cancel the ie and change it to a y and then add ing.

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All right?

240

So, die becomes dying, tie becomes tying.

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Good.

242

And then, in some cases, for verbs ending in C, V, C, what do I mean by that?

243

Consonant, vowel, consonant.

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So, then we need to double the last letter.

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Let me show you what I mean.

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You look at the verb, let's take this verb, swim, you look look at the verb from the end.

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So, we see consonant, vowel, consonant.

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Remember, a vowel is A, E, I, O, or U, and all the other letters in English are consonants.

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So, if you see this pattern, not all the time, but most of the time, if you look at the verb from the end and you see consonant,

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vowel, consonant, then we need to...

251

very often, double that last letter.

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So, swim becomes swimming.

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Control, see here?

254

CVC, right, looking this way, becomes...

255

Control becomes controlling.

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Alright?

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So, these are the basic changes that you need to keep in mind.

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Of course, English has a lot of variations in spelling, and sometimes you have, you're going to have several exceptions, which you'll pick up as you go along.

259

Now, let's look at how to give a short, easy answer when someone asks you a question using this tense.

260

So, suppose someone says, had he been waiting for a long time?

261

So this is the past perfect continuous tense, right?

262

But instead of repeating everything again, we can just say, yes, he had, or no, he hadn't.

263

Let's go over that again.

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Someone asks, had he been waiting for a long time?

265

So you say, yes, he had, you take that from here, from the question itself.

266

The question begins with had, and your answer will include some form of had had.

267

So, had he been waiting?

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Yes, he had, or no, he hadn't.

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All right?

270

Now, what's important?

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Here, we do use the contraction, but in this one, in the short answer, we do not...

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In the positive short answer, we do not use a contraction.

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You cannot use a contraction.

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So, in other words, you cannot say, yes, he'd.

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That's not possible.

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Okay?

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You have to say, yes, he had, or no, he hadn't.

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Good.

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Let's look at another one.

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Had you been considering that offer?

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Let's say it was a job offer or something else.

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Okay?

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Had you been considering that offer?

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What does considering mean?

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Thinking it...

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Thinking about it?

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Okay?

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Okay?

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Alright?

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So, again, it starts with had, so your answer will include some form of had.

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So, had you been considering it?

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Yes, I had, or no, I hadn't.

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Again, no contraction possible in the positive answer.

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Next, had they been planning a trip?

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What can you say?

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Yes, they had, or no, they hadn't.

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Okay?

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Again, no contraction possible in that positive response, okay?

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And this is usually in conversational English.

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We use a lot of these short answers because it saves time

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and you don't need to repeat the entire information that was in the question, okay?

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Okay?

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So, if I ask you, for example, had you been planning to study this tense today?

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You could say, either one of these, yes I had, or no I hadn't, but I'm so glad I did.

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Okay.

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Now, let's do some practice together using the past perfect continuous tense.

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So, we'll make some positive sentences, some negative sentences, and some questions, okay?

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So, let's start with number one.

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I think of ordering pizza.

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So, I've given you the verb, now we're going to change that into the past perfect continuous.

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So, I, what, if the verb is think, then we have to say,

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I had been thinking, right?

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I had been thinking of ordering pizza.

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Okay?

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Good.

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Now, here I wrote the full form one.

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We might not always use the full form, we could also use the contraction.

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All right.

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Number two, he hoped to get a promotion.

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What is a promotion?

321

It means a higher position at work, okay?

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In your job.

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So, how would we change that into the past perfect continuous? is,

324

he, yes, had been hoping.

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Now, let's contract it.

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So, then we would say, he'd been hoping, right?

327

He had been hoping or he'd.

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he'd been hoping to get a promotion.

329

All right?

330

You can say that too, and definitely in more informal conversation.

331

All right.

332

Number three, they look for the key.

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This time, let's say the full form, not the contraction.

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They had been...

335

What?

336

Look becomes looking, right?

337

They had been looking for the key.

338

Good.

339

There is a G here, okay?

340

Remember that.

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Good.

342

Number Number four.

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She miss her family.

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This time, let's shorten it.

345

So, what would it be?

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She'd been missing her family.

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Okay?

348

Very good.

349

Good.

350

Number five, Jose prepare for his exam.

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Let's use the full form,

352

Jose had been preparing for his exam.

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Okay?

354

You got it.

355

Very good.

356

All right.

357

Now, let's make them negative.

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He exercised regularly.

359

So, we want to say that he didn't do that.

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So, how can we say that?

361

He hadn't been exercising regularly.

362

Okay?

363

He had not been exercising regularly, Or, he hadn't been exercising regularly.

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Good.

365

That's the basic format.

366

Let's apply it now.

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Number seven, we check our voicemail.

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Make it negative.

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We hadn't been checking our voicemail.

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Well, we hadn't been checking our voicemail, alright?

371

Number eight, I sleep well.

372

Make it negative and pass perfect continuous,

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I hadn't been sleeping well.

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I hadn't been sleeping well.

375

Okay?

376

Excellent.

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Excellent.

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Now, for the last two, we're going to make them into questions.

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Are you ready? Had he feel unwell?

380

So, what would we say, in what order?

381

Had he been feeling unwell? well.

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Had he been feeling unwell?

383

Okay?

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Good.

385

And the last one, had you text each other?

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Text today is very much used as a verb, so how would we change that?

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Had you been texting each other.

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Okay?

389

Had you been texting each other?

390

Okay?

391

That's it.

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Now you've practiced some sentence -positive sentences, some negative sentences, some questions,

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and I hope you're feeling a lot more confident about using this tense correctly and easily.

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Now let's look at some common mistakes that are sometimes made when using the past perfect continuous tense, and let's see how we can fix them.

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So, the first mistake that's sometimes made is that the wrong tense is actually used or chosen.

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So, let me give you a situation.

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Suppose John was looking for a job and then he found one.

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Okay?

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So, how would we convey that information in English?

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Which tense would we use?

401

I'll read two of the possibilities to you.

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John has been looking for a job, or John had been looking for a job.

403

Think about it for a second.

404

So, in this case, the correct answer is the second one, which is, in fact, our tense,

405

the past perfect continuous, had been looking, why?

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Because this describes a situation where John was doing something, it continued for some time,

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and then it stopped because he found a job.

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So, we can use correctly the past perfect continuous.

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John had been looking for a job in the past.

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He started looking, he was looking and looking and looking, and then he stopped because he found a job, right?

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So, that is the perfect use of our tense that we've been learning.

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But sometimes by mistake, students mix that up with another tense, sentence, which is this one, John has been looking for a job.

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Do you remember which tense that is?

414

That's the present perfect continuous tense.

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So, John has been looking for a job means what?

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It means that he started looking and he's still looking, but that's not the situation here, right?

417

John found one, so he finished looking.

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So, this was the correct choice here, but sometimes students confuse the present perfect continuous with the past perfect continuous.

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So make sure that you understand these two tenses clearly, understand the differences, and that you choose the past perfect continuous at the right time.

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Okay, the next mistake with this tense is the use of the stative verb.

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As I mentioned, very often and most of the time, we do not use stative verbs with this tense.

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For example, these are all wrong, by the way, okay?

423

Most of these things here are wrong, so let's look at what's wrong with them.

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They had been knowing each other for many years.

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What's wrong with that?

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It's the fact that a stative verb is being used.

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Which stative verb? verb, the verb know.

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Okay?

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We cannot use that in the continuous form, so we would have to not use this tense.

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There is no way we can continue to use the past perfect continuous with this verb.

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You just can't use it because there is no way to correctly say knowing in each other as a verb.

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So, here, we would have to say, they had, for example, known...

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They had known each other for many years, which is just the past perfect and not the past perfect continuous.

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All right?

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So, if you have a stative verb to use in this kind of context of a past action,

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you're probably going to have to switch back to the past perfect tense and not the continuous one, alright?

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Next, spelling mistakes.

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These are quite common.

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Let's look at the first one.

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She hadn't been attending classes, so look carefully at the board and tell me where's the spelling mistake.

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I'll give you a clue.

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It's in the contraction here, right?

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Alright?

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So, the apostrophe is in the wrong place.

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It should be she hadn't.

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Hadn't been attending and the apostrophe should be where the O was removed and not here.

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Okay?

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Alright.

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The next one, also a spelling mistake.

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The traffic hadn't been moving.

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What's wrong there? there, this time the contraction is okay, but the verb itself is wrong when we add ing.

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Why?

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Do you remember the rule?

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We had some of these examples in our practice, in fact, so how do we fix it?

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We cancel this e, all right?

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So when the base form of the verb ends with an e, like the verb move, we cancel the e and we add ing.

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So, the correct spelling would be moving, okay, without the e.

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The traffic hadn't been moving, it was stuck.

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Alright, the next one, also a spelling mistake.

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They had been chatting.

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That's what the person wanted to say.

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They had been chatting for a long time, or they had been chatting for an hour.

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But the spelling says c -h -a -t -i -n -g right now,

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and that's incorrect because let's look at our base verb, okay, chat. So, we have...

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Consonant, vowel, consonant, and that means that in this case, we doubled the last letter.

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And did the student do that?

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No. Okay?

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So, let's fix it.

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They had been chatting, okay?

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They had been chatting for a long time, or chatting, that's another way to pronounce it.

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Okay?

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Okay?

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Next, sometimes a lot of mistakes are made with these words since and for.

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Let's look at a mistake right now.

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The police had been looking for him since two months.

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So that is completely wrong.

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You don't want to make that mistake, not in an exam, not while speaking, not while writing a business letter,

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in no situations, okay, because this is not a good mistake to make.

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It's a pretty basic mistake.

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So, we should say, in this case, the police had been looking for him for two months.

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Why?

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Because we use for plus the period of time, and we use since plus a point in time.

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Okay?

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Okay?

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So, we could say since January 15th or since January,

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but for two months, for six months, like that.

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Okay?

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So, these are some of the common mistakes to avoid when using this tense.

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So, to review now, you know the past perfect continuous tense when you know when to use it, when not to use it,

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and how to use it.

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All of which we have covered in this class, and of course, you can go back, you can watch any particular area that you want to review,

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and that's always a good idea, okay?

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But what does it mean to actually know how to use it?

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It means to be able to make a positive sentence, a negative sentence, and a question, right?

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For example, they had been learning English.

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English.

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The negative, they hadn't been learning English.

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The question, had they been learning English?

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All right?

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And also, you should be able to add those question words when necessary before the question.

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For example, where had they been learning English?

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How long had they been learning English?

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Why had they been learning English?

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Okay?

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So, when you can do that comfortably and move between positive and negative questions, then you've got it.

506

And if you have reached this stage and you are learning the past perfect continuous tense, and you watched this class all the way through,

507

I know that you are a serious learner and you are someone who achieves your goals in life.

508

I have been teaching for 30 years and I know the people who make it to this stage are winners, and you are one of them.

509

Congratulations, really.

510

Now, when you're ready, remember, this is a series, so go on to watch the next video in the series so that you can continue to improve.

511

And if you'd like to do some more practice, then you can do a quiz on engVid.

512

Thanks very much for watching, and all the best with your English.

Uygulamayı İndir

Akıcı konuşmak için ihtiyacınız olan her şey

AI TelaffuzHer cümleyi puanla

IPA AlıştırmasıHer sesi ustalaştır

Kelime BilgisiKelime bankanızı oluşturun

Kelime OyunuOynarken öğrenin

QR Tara

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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları

Bu B2 seviyesindeki konuşma dersi “Learn English Tenses: PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS” videosuna dayanıyor. En çok tekrarlanan kelimeler: tense, verb, continuous, perfect, example. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 512 cümle ve 4715 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 38:28 sürüyor. Konuşmacı dakikada yaklaşık 123 kelimelik dengeli bir hızla konuşuyor; gölgeleme için rahat bir tempo. Kelimelerin %87’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında, bu yüzden kelime dağarcığını takip etmek kolay. 512 cümlenin 161 tanesi soru; soru tonlaması ve kısa cevaplar için iyi bir alıştırma.

Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler

Videodaki en ileri düzey 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:

Kelime	Telaffuz	Anlam
tense isim	/tɛns/	zaman
verb isim	/vɝb/	fiil, eylem
spelling isim	/ˈspɛl.ɪŋ/	yazım, imla
consonant isim	/ˈkɑn.sə.nənt/	ünsüz, sessiz
cancel fiil	/ˈkæn.sl̩/	iptal etmek
apostrophe isim	/əˈpɑs.tɹə.fi/	kesme işareti
vowel isim	/ˈvaʊ.əl/	ünlü, sesli
litter isim	/ˈlɪt.ɚ/	altlık
informal sıfat	/ɪnˈfɔɹ.m(ə)l/	teklifsiz
variation isim	/ˌvɛəɹiˈeɪʃn̩/	varyasyon, çeşitleme
duration isim	/dʒʊˈɹeɪ.ʃən/	süre
grammar isim	/ˈɡɹæm.ə(ɹ)/	dil bilgisi, gramer
clue isim	/kluː/	ipucu
pronunciation isim	/pɹəˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/	telaffuz, okunuş
confuse fiil	/kənˈfjuːz/	karıştırmak

Duyacağınız deyimsel fiiller

Kelime	Anlam
take out fiil	çıkarmak

Tekrar etmeye değer cümleler

Videodan, günlük konuşmada yeniden kullanabileceğiniz kısa ve tam cümleler:

Next, how do we form a question?
Sorry, where had you been working?
Why had you been working?
How long had you been working?
Had you been considering that offer?

Bu videodaki dil bilgisi

Konuşmacının en çok kullandığı yapılar, videodaki sözcüklerin aynısıyla:

Yapı	Videoda
Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — önceden başlayıp hâlâ süren bir eylem	has been looking · we've been learning · have been teaching
İlgi cümlecikleri who / which + cümle — bir kişi ya da şey hakkında ek bilgi	Tense, which is · words which are · contractions, which are
Edilgen yapı be + fiilin üçüncü hâli — kimin yaptığı değil, ne olduğu önemli	is also called · be shortened · are made
Present perfect have/has + fiilin üçüncü hâli — geçmişte olan ama şimdi de önemli olan bir eylem	I've divided · I've given · you've practiced

Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar

Konuşmacı hadn't, we're, he'd gibi kısaltılmış biçimleri 91 kez kullanıyor. Bunları duyduğunuz gibi kısa söyleyin.

“sh” ve “zh” sesleri: contraction /kənˈtɹækʃ(ə)n/, shorten /ˈʃɔɹtn̩/, variation /ˌvɛəɹiˈeɪʃn̩/, duration /dʒʊˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, conversational /ˌkɒnvə(ɹ)ˈseɪʃənəl/
Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: apostrophe /əˈpɑs.tɹə.fi/, conversational /ˌkɒnvə(ɹ)ˈseɪʃənəl/, pronunciation /pɹəˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/

Türkçe konuşanların zorlandığı sesler:

/w/ — dudaklar yuvarlak, /v/ değil: unwell /ʌnˈwɛl/, quiz /kwɪz/
Kelime başındaki ünsüz kümesi — araya ünlü eklemeyin: stative /ˈsteɪtɪv/, spelling /ˈspɛl.ɪŋ/, pronounce /pɹəˈnaʊns/, grammar /ˈɡɹæm.ə(ɹ)/, clue /kluː/
/æ/ — “e”den daha açık: contraction /kənˈtɹækʃ(ə)n/, cancel /ˈkæn.sl̩/, grammar /ˈɡɹæm.ə(ɹ)/

Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır

Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
Normal hızda cümle cümle tekrar edin; ritminiz konuşmacıyla aynı olana kadar her cümleyi yineleyin.
Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; tense, verb, spelling gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.

Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?

Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.

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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları

Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler

Duyacağınız deyimsel fiiller

Tekrar etmeye değer cümleler

Bu videodaki dil bilgisi

Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar

Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır

Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?