シャドーイング練習: Beginner → Intermediate → Advanced: Upgrade Your English Sentences with “ALTHOUGH” - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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Are you tired of using short, choppy sentences in English?

Do you wish that you could use longer, smoother sentences to express your ideas and your thoughts?

Well, there are many ways to do that in English, and in this lesson, I'm going to show you one extremely effective,

powerful way to do that with one word, although.

Alright?

So, are you ready?

Let's get started.

So, let's look at these three sentences first.

The first one says, it was raining.

We went outside.

Perfectly correct sentence.

It is what it is.

The second sentence, it was raining, but we went outside.

The third sentence, although it was raining, we went outside.

So all three sentences conveyed the same information, but in very different ways, right?

You could see that.

You could hear it.

You could feel it.

So, basically, if we analyze these sentences in terms of grammar, in terms of vocabulary and so on.

The first one is more basic, right?

It's more basic because it has two simple sentences which are correct, but they're two short simple sentences.

Okay?

So, that's, for example, a beginner level.

The second one says, it was raining, but we went outside.

Now, the two ideas are connected to show that even though it was raining, we went outside.

So this is a little bit better.

So this is more at an intermediate level, shall we say.

Okay?

This is actually called a compound sentence.

I'm going to explain that in a minute.

And the last one says, although it was raining, we went outside.

So, now this one is actually a more advanced sentence.

So the first was beginner level, the second was intermediate level, and the third is more advanced level.

So, I'm going to show you, in case you're here or you're here, how to go to this higher level.

Alright?

So, what are we also saying here?

Let's understand.

So, now you know beginner, intermediate, advanced, right?

Let's also analyze these three sentences in terms of what they are grammatically.

The first one is basically an example of two simple sentences.

What do I mean by a simple sentence?

It has a subject and it has a verb.

It was raining.

Okay?

So, they're fine, but they're just two short, simple sentences.

This one is called a compound sentence.

In a compound sentence, we have a proper full sentence here, and we have a full sentence here,

like, it was raining, we went outside.

This has a subject, has a verb, has a subject, has a verb, right?

So you're good, but it's connected with a word, but, to show contrast, to show something different,

something unexpected on the other side of the sentence.

So, this one is called a compound sentence.

Two simple sentences connected by particular words, okay, which we call coordinating conjunctions, but don't worry about that right now.

Just look at it as what it is.

And the last one says, although it was raining, we went outside.

So that more advanced sentence is actually called a complex sentence because we have used a particular word like although,

which in grammar is called a subordinating conjunction, but again, don't worry about it, just start using it in the proper way, which you'll learn today.

And we say, although it was raining, we went outside.

Now, what do you see here?

We went outside is a simple sentence, it's a full sentence, but this part is not,

so So we're going to understand that on the next board, how those sentences with although have to be constructed a little bit differently.

And you'll get it 100%.

We're going to look at lots of examples.

Let's look at the next set of sentences.

Time was short.

She finished the exam.

Right?

Two ideas.

There wasn't enough time time, time was short, but she finished the exam, which is what we said here.

Time was short, but she finished the exam.

We see the contrast, we see the opposite ideas, we see the unexpected thing on the second side, right?

that there wasn't enough time, but she finished the exam.

Not bad.

That was our compound sentence.

Now let's take it even one step higher to the complex sentence.

Although time was short, comma, she finished the exam.

So here also, we are seeing contrast.

Time was short, she finished anyway, right?

We're seeing something unexpected, but this is a complex sentence.

It's considered more advanced.

If you use this kind of sentence in your English exams or English papers and assignments,

it will show that you have a better command of English.

If you use these kind of sentences in a meeting, it will also convey that you're communicating at a higher level in English.

All right?

So, that's the second example.

Let's look at one more.

He was qualified.

He didn't get the job.

So, here, again, we're seeing the contrast.

What does qualified mean?

He was qualified means he had experience, he had the education they were looking for, the experience that they were looking for,

but still, he didn't get the job.

Okay?

So, here we're seeing the contrast.

This is positive, right?

He was qualified.

This is negative.

Positive, negative.

Contrast.

100

Here, we made it a compound sentence.

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He was qualified, but he didn't get the job.

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And the third one, which is what kind of sentence?

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Complex.

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Good for you.

105

Although he was qualified, he didn't get the job.

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Now we have a complex sentence, and we see that the word although means what?

107

It means in spite of the fact that.

108

It means though.

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It means even though.

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That even if this situation is true, there's something else coming up which is unexpected.

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Alright?

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Now, let's understand how to use the word although.

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In order to understand that very easily, first, make sure you know the meaning of the word clause.

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In grammar, in English grammar, a clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb.

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So, now let's look at some examples.

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In the first sentence, it says, although he didn't study, he passed the test.

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In this case, we have the word although at the beginning, right?

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No problem.

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And this part is called a dependent clause.

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Why?

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Because we can't use this by itself.

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I cannot just say, although he didn't study.

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Although he didn't study what?

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What are you trying to tell me?

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Okay?

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So, this part, he didn't...

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Although he didn't study, cannot be used by itself ever.

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All right?

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So, that is a dependent clause.

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It depends on the second part of the sentence to make sense.

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Okay?

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Or the first part, as we're going to see.

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It depends on another part of the sentence to make sense.

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So, here we have, although he didn't study, dependent clause, and then we have, he passed the test.

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He passed the test is an independent clause because it stands alone as a sentence, it makes sense, and it's fine.

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So, in a sentence with although, you will find two parts.

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You will find a dependent clause, which starts with the word although and a few words after that,

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and then you'll find another part called the independent clause.

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Okay?

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Or, it can be slightly different.

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We could have the independent clause first and then the dependent clause.

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Let's look at this.

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He passed the test although he didn't study.

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Okay?

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So, now this part, although he didn't study, is the dependent clause because I kind of just say although he didn't study.

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Although he didn't study what?

147

Right?

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So, that's the dependent clause.

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And sometimes that can come afterwards.

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We can put although in the middle.

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And then we have the independent clause he passed the test, a regular sentence can be first.

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So, we could switch the order, but if you switch the order, just remember this.

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If you start with the word although, make sure you put a comma between these two parts of the sentence, the dependent and independent.

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And if you put although in the middle, then you need no comma.

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All right?

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That's it.

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All right.

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Next, another point about using the word although.

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So, let's say these were our base sentences, right?

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These were the basic sentences.

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So, basically, although is showing us some kind of contrast, right?

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Some opposite, some result that we didn't expect.

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Like we expected here that if he didn't study, then he might not have passed,

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but he did pass, so there was a surprise on the other side, right?

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So for example, we could have these two sentences, he didn't study, negative, he passed the test.

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Right?

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So, we could say, although he didn't study, he passed the test.

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Positive.

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So we could have a negative and a positive, or the other way around, we could have a positive and a negative.

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For example, he studied, he failed the test.

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Those were the two basic simple sentences.

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If we make them into a complex sentence, what would they be?

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Although he studied, he failed the test.

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Okay?

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So, you could have...

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You will often see this kind of positive and negative or negative and positive in an although sentence.

177

All right?

178

Good.

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Then there are some other vocabulary words which are very close in meaning, almost exactly the same, which you will probably come across,

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and they are though and even though.

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All right?

182

We've already learned although.

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So, what's the difference?

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They mean basically the same thing, okay?

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And they work in the same way.

186

However, though is a little bit mild, although is a little bit stronger, and even though is a little bit...

187

Like, maybe the strongest, okay?

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Even though he didn't study, he passed the test, right?

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People might even say it with a little more power, alright?

190

Alright?

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So, remember, though, although, even though, basically the same meaning and can be used in the same way.

192

Now that you've learned how to use although, let's see how not to use although.

193

So, we have one example on the board which is perfectly correct, and we have three which are perfectly wrong.

194

Okay?

195

So, let's start with the one which is correct.

196

We would be able to say, although it was Sunday, comma, I had to work.

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That's absolutely fine.

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Starts with although, although it was Sunday, and then the comma, and then the rest of it.

199

Right?

200

That was the contrast, everything is fine.

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Dependent clause, independent clause, everything is good.

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Let's look at this one.

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See if you can figure out what the mistake is.

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Yes.

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This one says, although it was Sunday, period, or full stop.

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What's wrong there?

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Yes, I heard you.

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This is wrong, and also, what's next, right?

209

This is not a sentence.

210

Although it was Sunday is what?

211

You know now, it's a dependent clause.

212

So where's the second part?

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Or where's the first part?

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Where's another part that makes this sentence make sense?

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It isn't there.

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It's missing.

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So, that is not a correct sentence or a correct usage of the word although at all.

218

And you understand that now.

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So, you won't make that mistake.

220

All right?

221

Next.

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This is also wrong.

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You tell me what's wrong.

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Although it was Sunday, but I had to work.

225

Can you find the mistake?

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Yes, yes, right.

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This.

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If we say although, we do not need to say but.

229

Right?

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That was a different kind of sentence.

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If we have although, we don't need to say but.

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So, we just say although it was Sunday, comma, I had to work.

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That's it.

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We cannot use although and but in the same sentence.

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Next, this one says, although it was Sunday, I had to work.

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Can you find the mistake?

237

It's kind of obvious.

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Yeah, this, right?

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Spelling, it's not two words.

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Although is not two words, it's one word.

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It should be spelt like this, or like this, or like this, but not as two words.

242

Okay?

243

That's it.

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So, these are the three most common mistakes that people make sometimes when they start using although, but not you.

245

Do you remember that when we started this lesson, we took two simple sentences?

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which we said were at a basic level, and we transformed them into a complex advanced sentence using although, right?

247

That's what we've been learning.

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So now, you're going to do that with me so that you can be sure that you're using although correctly.

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So, on the board, we have six sentences.

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All of them have two sentences, and we're going to make them into one sentence using although like this.

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We're going to start with although something, the first part sentence, and then if you were writing it,

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you'd put a comma, and then you would say the second part.

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And this although would be, of course, as you know now, the dependent clause because we cannot say it alone,

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and this part is the independent clause.

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Okay?

256

Are you ready?

257

Okay?

258

Let's do it.

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So, first I'm going to read the two sentences, and then we'll say them as one long sentence using although.

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Her essay was short.

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It was excellent.

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Now, use although.

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If you want to pause the video, go ahead.

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If not, let's do it together.

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Although her essay was short, comma, it was excellent.

266

Got it?

267

That's it.

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If you were writing it, we would put the comma, so that's why I'm saying the comma.

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Obviously, you would not say it.

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Number two, I called, he didn't answer.

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Use the same pattern.

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Although I called, he didn't answer.

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Great.

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Now I'm going to say it without the comma so

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that you can actually say it the way you would say it in real life, but please understand that after the first part,

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if you were writing it, you would put a comma.

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Ready?

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Number three, there were some technical issues.

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The presentation went well.

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So we would say, say it with me, although there were some technical issues, the presentation went well.

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This is good news.

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All right.

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Number four, the flight left late.

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It arrived on time.

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Let's make one sentence with although.

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Although the flight left late, it arrived on time.

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Great.

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You've got it, see?

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Maybe you were sure or a little unsure in the beginning, but now you can do it.

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Great.

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Number five.

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The salary was low, he took the job.

293

Although the salary was low, he took the job.

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Next, the subject was difficult.

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I understood it.

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Although the subject was difficult, I understood it.

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That's it.

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Great.

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You've done it.

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Okay?

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So, congratulations on mastering how to use although.

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Sometimes you see that making one small change or learning one small point can make a huge difference to your English, right?

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The level of your English, your confidence, and the results in the professional world, in the academic world, in the social world.

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So if you'd like to learn how to improve your English by correcting small errors

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that make a big difference when you get them right, please check my online course, Correct Your English Errors in 10 minutes a day.

306

We have over 150 such errors, and you can make that change change, you can make that improvement for sure, okay?

307

You can move no matter what your level is, you can move to a higher level with confidence.

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So check out the online course if you're interested.

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I think you'll find it very, very helpful.

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And it's these kind of small changes that make a huge difference in your English.

311

All right?

312

Thanks very much for watching.

313

Bye for now.

314

All the best with your English.

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Beginner → Intermediate → Advanced: Upgrade Your English Sentences with “ALTHOUGH”」を教材にしています。繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：sentence, word, clause, English, study。この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が314文、単語が2633語あります。音声の長さは19:02です。話す速さは1分あたり約138語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。単語の89%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれるため、語彙は分かりやすいです。全314文のうち77文が疑問文なので、疑問文のイントネーションや短い受け答えの練習に向いています。

この動画の重要語彙

動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語	発音	意味
clause 名詞	/klɔːz/	節
dependent 形容詞	/dɪˈpɛndənt/	次第, 依存する
compound 名詞	/ˈkɑmpaʊnd/	化合物
examination 名詞	/ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/	診察, 検査
unexpected 形容詞	/ʌnɪkˈspɛktɪd/	予想外の, 想定外の
grammar 名詞	/ˈɡɹæm.ə(ɹ)/	文法
verb 名詞	/vɝb/	動詞
connect 動詞	/kəˈnɛkt/	繋げる
beginner 名詞	/bəˈɡɪnɚ/	ビギナー, 新参
lesson 名詞	/ˈlɛs.ən/	授業, 学科
arrive 動詞	/əˈɹaɪv/	着く, 到着する
salary 名詞	/ˈsæləɹi/	サラリー, 給料
presentation 名詞	/ˌpɹɛzn̩ˈteɪʃn̩/	贈呈
essay 名詞	/ˈɛs.eɪ/	エッセイ, 随筆
depend 動詞	/dɪˈpɛnd/	依存する

動画に出てくる句動詞

単語	発音	意味
check out 動詞		試験する, 検査する
come up 動詞		上がる, 登る
go ahead 動詞	/ˌɡoʊ əˈhɛd/	どうぞお先に

繰り返し練習したい文

動画に出てくる短く完結した文です。日常会話でそのまま使えます。

I'm going to explain that in a minute.
What do I mean by a simple sentence?
What are you trying to tell me?
Can you find the mistake?
You've got it, see?

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型	動画での表現
条件文 if + 節, will/would + 動詞 — 条件とその結果	If you were writing it, we would put · if you were writing it, you would put
受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる	are connected · is actually called · is called
関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える	sentences which are · exam, which is · one, which is
現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している	We've already learned · you've learned · You've done

注意したい発音

話し手はdidn't, we're, you'reなど、短縮形や弱形を65回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。

「sh」と「zh」の音: contrast /kənˈt(ʃ)ɹæst/, examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, presentation /ˌpɹɛzn̩ˈteɪʃn̩/, conjunction /kənˈd͡ʒʌŋk.ʃn̩/, congratulations /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/
長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, unexpected /ʌnɪkˈspɛktɪd/, intermediate /ɪn.tə(ɹ)ˈmi.di.ət/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, congratulations /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/

日本語話者が苦手な音：

/r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: salary /ˈsæləɹi/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, congratulations /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/, correctly /kəˈɹɛk(t).li/
/v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: verb /vɝb/, arrive /əˈɹaɪv/, convey /kənˈveɪ/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/
/f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: qualify /ˈkwɑ.lɪ.faɪ/, helpful /ˈhɛlp.fl̩/, afterwards /ˈæf.tɚ.wɚdz/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/, transform /tɹænsˈfɔɹm/

この動画での練習方法

まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。clause, dependent, compoundなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

シャドーイング練習: Beginner → Intermediate → Advanced: Upgrade Your English Sentences with “ALTHOUGH” - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

この動画の重要語彙

動画に出てくる句動詞

繰り返し練習したい文

この動画の文法

注意したい発音

この動画での練習方法

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由