Pratique du Shadowing: Reddit's Tree Lawyers Are Losing Their Minds - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo

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Somewhere on Reddit every single week someone posts, My neighbor cut down my tree and sent me a bill.

What are my options?

And then thousands of seemingly normal, affable hobbyist gardeners suddenly become John Wick.

Install cameras.

Get a photo of him with a chainsaw.

Call the police.

Get a restraining order.

File a lawsuit.

Listen people, tree law is no joke.

It's the only legal specialty other than bird law that has its own fandom.

And people don't just follow tree law, they root for it.

I'll see myself out.

But today is special because we're looking at some of the most fascinating tree log cases of the last few months, including a case that hits close to home, or at least the home of friend of the channel, Phil DeFranco.

And these cases are particularly interesting because sometimes these people might be right to seek their vengeance.

For example, in 2024, a woman from Bowie, Maryland, left town for a work trip.

While she was gone, a neighbor left a note in her mailbox saying he intended to cut nine trees down on her property.

She didn't see the note until she got home when the trees were already gone.

The tree trimming company said that they were within their rights to trust a neighbor that the trees were on his property.

And the internet had a different opinion.

And as it turns out, so did a jury.

And in 2026, jurors awarded her one of the largest verdicts in tree law history, $933,000.

Because here's what Reddit has figured out, and what your neighbor with a chainsaw usually hasn't.

Trees are some of the most aggressively protected pieces of property in American law.

If you tend someone's car, you pay for the damage.

But if you destroy the wrong tree, in many states the law lets a judge multiply your damages.

And suddenly that mistake can cost six or seven figures.

And that brings us to today's stories.

Now imagine coming home to find that nearly 200 mature trees on your property have been cut down.

Okay, obviously no one sent a dragon, but these homeowners arrived home to find their property irrevocably changed.

These trees weren't just damaged or trimmed, they were gone.

All that was left was just stumps.

I'll put some more pictures in here of like how beautiful it was.

And how safe it felt.

And now we're just like completely exposed.

And that was like decades, if not centuries, of like tree growth.

This is what happened to Lindsay DeFranco and her spiky-haired YouTuber husband Phil, in their hometown of Milton, Georgia.

And the saga they called TreeGate blew up on TikTok, which means that lots of people had different opinions.

But here's a timeline as laid out across the DeFranco's own social posts and then in the pleadings of their eventual lawsuit.

The DeFrancos moved from Los Angeles to Milton, Georgia in the summer of 2024, and part of the appeal of their new place was a thick line of trees between their yard and the neighbors, giving them maximum privacy.

And in my professional opinion as a lawyer, I say those trees look cool as hell.

But in September 2024, the neighbor, Dr. Leo Elizer, mentioned that he wanted to expand his yard.

He told us that he wanted to extend his backyard

and fill in this retention pond area so that he could extend his backyard further out, which included cutting down some trees on his property.

And according to the complaint, they told him that privacy was the entire point of those trees, and they made a deal.

We told him that we want to be able to maintain our privacy.

We do not want all of these trees cut down.

And he agreed, and he said, okay, here's what we'll do.

We will mark the trees that we will want to cut down, and we will let you know before we do that.

We said, fine, it'll just be a couple trees.

He said, yes, it'll just be a couple trees.

And eventually, the two sides agreed that he could cut down a few marked trees, but only after giving them notice.

And in 2025, Eliza moved ahead, reconstructing a detention pond near the property line.

Lindsay says that that's when he finally came back around asking for approval to start.

She didn't get the chance to answer before the cutting began.

And she initially reported more than 100 trees gone, with the stumps ground out, which made counting them difficult.

And an arborist later put the number above 200.

According to the DeFrancos, the neighbor claimed the city required removal of all the trees to complete the pond project.

According to Lindsay's account, however, the homeowners association later advised that the city permit did not include the DeFranco property.

But we do know how much money the DeFranco's asked for.

A certified arborist appraised the removed trees at $236,900, and a separate firm put the ecological restoration at $263,760.

Now, the defendants tell a different story.

They deny that the work was unauthorized.

They allege that their engineer gave the DeFranco's a complete set of plans showing the clearing

and grading to be performed on the DeFranco property, and that on June 10th, 2025, Philip DeFranco approved those plans in writing.

That's during the time period Lindsay said that they heard nothing back from the defendant.

Eliza's wife, Dina, told the Daily Mail, quote, we got all the proof from the city and everything before we did anything, and we got approval from the neighbor in writing as well.

And they assert affirmative defenses based on consent license waiver estoppel and delay in objecting.

And they've also counterclaimed alleging that DeFrancos breached their original agreement

and halted the project after the defendants had sunk substantial money into it.

Now, a common refrain on this channel is get things in writing.

And this is a somewhat unusual tree law case because one of the parties is claiming that something is writing.

And I'm gonna go out on a limb, pun intended, that Phil DeFranco did not consent to removing hundreds of trees that provided privacy to his backyard.

Don't be stupid, stupid.

But the starting point for all tree law disputes is whether the neighbor had the right of self-help, which is a rule that says that when some parts of a tree encroach your property, you don't have to wait, you can remove them yourself.

Now, states generally take one of three approaches to self-help when a neighbor's tree crosses the property line.

The so-called Massachusetts rule says you can trim encroaching branches or roots yourself at your own expense.

The Hawaii rule goes farther.

If the encroachment causes actual or imminent harm, the tree owner may be liable for both the damage and the cost of removing the encroachment.

Many other states, like California, follow a reasonableness approach, allowing self-help only to the extent it is reasonably necessary under the circumstances.

Now, Georgia hasn't clearly adopted any of these frameworks, but its cases point in the same direction on one critical point.

Self-help does not mean you can walk onto your neighbor's property and cut down their trees.

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Now we don't know exactly what was in those plans, but here's why the neighbors should probably be sweating either way, because Georgia has the strongest wrongful cutting statute we've found anywhere.

Georgia Code section 51-12-50 is a civil tort statute written broadly to apply to any defendant who cuts

or carries away timber without authorization.

It does not matter if the person is a commercial logging company

or a residential neighbor or a utility worker or a land developer.

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And Georgia's wrongful cutting statute provides for treble damages, meaning multiplied by three, when a plaintiff recovers for timber that was,

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quote, cut or cut and carried away.

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Triple damages are the tree law subreddit's favorite topic of conversation, and for good reason.

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Treble damages means the court triples the amount of actual or compensatory damages awarded to the prevailing party.

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So it is meant to punish as well as compensate.

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And Georgia law permits recovery of three times the fair market value of the trees as they stood, three times the diminished fair market value of the trees incidentally harmed,

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reasonable reforestation costs, and attorney's fees and litigation expenses.

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The statute does not expressly limit its application to commercial timber or logging operations, so a residential homeowner could be on the hook for a lot of money.

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And it gets worse for the neighbor because Georgia's timber trespass statute is also harsh.

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Under Georgia Code section 51-12-51, a person who wrongfully cuts or carries away another person's trees may owe three times the value of the timber,

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along with certain additional damages and litigation expenses, meaning a few chainsaw cuts can become a very expensive legal mistake.

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And quote, when the defendant is a willful trespasser, The plaintiff may also recover punitive damages.

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And those are separate from the statutory trouble value remedy for wrongful cutting.

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What you doing in my tree stump, buddy?

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Your tree stump?

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Your tree stump?

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Mister, I am the Lorax.

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I speak for the...

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Forget it.

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I don't really need the stump.

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You can have it, little fellow.

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Yes, the Lorax was basically warning us about George's wrongful cutting and timber trespass statutes because they pack a one-two punch.

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The ordinary damage statute compensates the owner for the loss caused by destroying their trees.

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The timber trespass statute can multiply those damages when someone wrongfully

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or willfully cuts and carries away the timber that isn't theirs to take.

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Now, whether a timber trespass was willful or innocent is a fact question.

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An honest boundary mistake may mean no punitive damages, but a good faith mistake wouldn't eliminate the underlying liability for injury to trees located on another's property.

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And if a defendant has reason to doubt the boundary but proceeds without obtaining clarification, a jury can treat the decision to remove the trees as willful.

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Now, if we go by the DeFranco's account, the tree removal was not an isolated or accidental encroachment.

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They wanted to preserve the privacy provided by the trees, but the neighboring owner agreed to identify any trees believed necessary for removal,

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and that the advance notice would be provided before cutting occurred on their property.

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Though, I really hope they got all of that in writing, or at least in text.

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They also deny giving the neighbor approval for broad removal of 200 trees.

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They also say no final group of marked trees was approved, and no advance notice was given before the clearing.

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And if they have evidence that the defendants or contractors knew the work would extend across the boundary,

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understood that additional permission was required or preceded when there were still questions about the scope of the permits or agreement, that could definitely be construed as willful conduct.

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And the alleged scale of the clearing also matters.

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Removing more than 200 trees, basically clear-cutting it after discussions focused on notice and identifying only necessary trees,

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I would say supports an inference that the work materially exceeded a narrow authorization to begin pond reconstruction.

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Though I'm sure the defendants will argue that the DeFranco's approved engineering plans that disclosed clearing, grading, and work to be performed on the DeFranco property.

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And the defendants may also argue that Phil DeFranco approved the project directly through communications with the engineer.

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So a lot of this case depends on whether the approved plans clearly identified the relevant trees, access routes, limits of disturbances, and proposed clearing.

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But that's how a court would decide whether the work fell within the scope of the consent.

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But the DeFrancos alleged that the location of the trees mattered because they marked the boundary between the two properties.

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Georgia does not treat a tree on the property line as one giant piece of shared property.

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Instead, each owner owns the portion of the tree that sits on their side of the line, but neither owner can use their portion in a way that unreasonably damages or destroys the entire tree.

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So the location of each trunk legally matters.

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Trees standing entirely on the DeFranco property would belong to the DeFrancos, while trees physically straddling the line would require a tree-by-tree analysis of the portions located on each parcel

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and whether the cutting impaired the DeFrancos' support rights.

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But here, the trees are pretty skinny, and the DeFrancos alleged that more than 200 trees were removed, not merely encroaching branches or roots.

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And if those trees stood entirely on their property, it's clear that Georgia law doesn't allow wholesale removal unless the homeowner consents.

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And even if some of the trees straddled the boundary or an easement existed, any cutting would still have to respect DeFranco's ownership rights and remain reasonably necessary within the authorized area.

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And a big part of this case is that a team of people entered the DeFranco property, and those people could be liable for civil trespass and conversion.

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And when we talk about trespass and conversion here, we mean civil tort liability, not the crimes of trespassing or theft.

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Trespass is an illegal entry and conversion is when someone exercises unlawful control over someone else's property.

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But a person who directs or authorizes workers to enter adjoining property

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and cut trees may be liable for trespass even if that person does not personally perform the cutting.

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The relevant questions are who instructed the contractors, who established the clearing limits,

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and what the workers were told about the boundary and whether the neighboring owner approved or ratified the work.

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And the authority to reconstruct

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or maintain the detention pond would not necessarily authorize entry beyond the project area

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or removal of trees outside of the scope of the plans or the consent.

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And conversion may also apply because Georgia recognizes that unauthorized removal and use of residential trees can constitute dominion over another's property, even when the trees were not harvested for commercial timber.

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But one of the reasons this story may have caught fire is that not only does it involve tree law, but it also involves one of the other villains of Reddit, HOAs.

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Because defendants maintain that the work was authorized by a city permit and HOA approval.

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Neither, however, independently creates a private right to enter another person's property.

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Under Georgia law, an easement or permit authorizes only work reasonably necessary within its express scope

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and cannot be expanded unilaterally beyond its location or purpose.

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And the town of Milton's Unified Development Code similarly requires tree removal

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and land disturbance to conform to approved plans and expressly provides

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that permit approval does not relieve a person from liability for damage to another person's property.

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And Georgia courts likewise recognize that governmental approval does not eliminate private liability to adjoining landowners.

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So even if the pond reconstruction was properly permitted and approved by the HOA, defendants would still need to identify a separate property right, such as consent, an easement,

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or a license authorizing entry onto the DeFranco property and the removal of its trees.

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But Phil and Lindsay aren't the only ones having some tree problems these days.

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Now imagine coming home and discovering that your neighbor didn't just trim your prized tree, they erased it entirely.

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And according to an anonymous Reddit post, that's exactly what happened to one Colorado landowner.

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While they were away, a landscaping crew allegedly entered the property

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and cut down a healthy 40 year old Japanese maple that the homeowner says stood entirely on their land.

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The neighbor reportedly admitted ordering the removal offering two justifications, that the tree blocked the mountain view and posed a wildfire risk.

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But what's missing from the story is just as important.

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The homeowner identifies no fire district order, government directive, easement, or other legal authority that would have allowed the neighbor

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or the landscapers to cross the property line and remove the tree.

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And the aftermath only gets stranger, you know, assuming this story is real.

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The homeowner says that the neighbor tried to settle the matter on the spot by offering $200 in cash.

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Seriously?

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200 bucks?

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No low-balling.

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I know what I got.

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Now, obviously, $200 is just a fraction of what an arborist allegedly estimated it would cost to replace that tree.

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According to the Post, that estimate was between $20,000 and $25,000 before even accounting for crane costs,

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and the homeowner's attorney was reportedly exploring whether Colorado law would support treble damages.

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Now, we don't know precisely where this took place, so the story rests almost entirely on the homeowner's account on Reddit, but if those allegations are true,

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they raise some fascinating questions about where property rights end, where self-help becomes trespass, and why tree law has developed the reputation it has.

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Now, the homeowner may have a strong trespass claim if the Japanese maple stood entirely on the homeowner's property, and the neighbor intentionally hired a landscaping crew to remove it without permission.

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This is where Colorado law differs substantially from Georgia law.

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Despite what you've probably read online, Colorado does not appear to have a private timber trespass statute

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that automatically awards triple damages for cutting down a neighbor's residential tree.

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The statutes often cited deal with timber removal from state lands, state forests, or federal public lands, not a Japanese maple in someone's front yard.

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So the homeowner probably cannot just point to a Colorado timber trespass statute and automatically triple the damages.

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But that does not mean enhanced damages are impossible.

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The first question is liability.

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Did the neighbor have a legal right to remove the tree at all?

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If those facts are true, the strongest claim is probably trespass.

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Colorado has long held

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that someone who directs another person to enter land without permission

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can be just as liable as the person who actually crossed the property line.

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And the same principle applies to ordering someone else to cut down trees.

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So if the neighbor hired the landscaping crew and told them to remove the maple, he doesn't avoid liability simply because he wasn't holding the chainsaw himself.

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And there may also be a conversion claim if the tree was hauled away, chipped, sold, or otherwise exercised control over it after it was cut down.

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But unless there is evidence showing what happened to the wood, conversion probably adds less than a trespass claim.

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But neither Colorado law nor local ordinances give homeowners the legal

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right to improve their mountain view by cutting down someone else's tree.

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Benefiting from someone else's tree removal doesn't create permission to enter their property.

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And the wildfire argument isn't much stronger.

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Unless the neighbor can point to an easement, governmental order, emergency consent, or some other legal authority,

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simply believing a tree is a fire hazard does not authorize crossing property line and removing it.

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Even if a fire district or HOA had recommended mitigation, the defendant would still need to show that this tree had to come down and that complete removal,

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not pruning or work from the neighbor's own property, was actually authorized.

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And the final fight is over the tree's value.

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The homeowner's reported $20,000 to $25,000 valuation matters because Colorado law may allow more than just the cost of cutting down the tree.

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Colorado generally measures property damage by a diminution of value, but restoration costs may be available when necessary to make a homeowner whole,

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particularly for residential landscaping with unique value.

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The homeowner also mentioned possible treble damages, but this is where tree law gets tricky.

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Unlike some states with specific timber trespass statutes, Colorado does not appear to provide an automatic triple damages remedy for cutting down a residential ornamental tree.

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Colorado's civil theft statute allows recovery of three times actual damages

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and attorney's fees only

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if the homeowner proves the defendant knowingly exercised unauthorized control over property with the intent to permanently deprive the owner of it.

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Now that may depend on facts we do not yet know here, including what happened to the tree after it was removed.

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But even if civil theft cannot be proven, exemplary damages may still be available if the conduct was willful and wanton, meaning a conscious disregard for another person's rights.

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And it was fun researching this particular issue.

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If the homeowner's allegations are accurate, that the neighbor knew the tree was not his, hired a crew to remove it, while the homeowner was away and then offered only $200 afterwards,

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a jury could consider those facts evidence of conscious disregard.

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Now, these two cases are somewhat unusual because most tree law cases deal with a tree on a property line.

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And every time one of these stories hits Reddit, call a lawyer.

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That's $100,000 of damages.

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Your neighbor has committed a felony.

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And sometimes they are actually right.

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But sometimes they're applying the law from the wrong state or the wrong legal concept entirely.

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Because tree law is really two different legal worlds that Reddit constantly mixes together.

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Encroachment is when your neighbor's branches cross the property line, or roots are pushing into your yard, or a hedge is growing over the fence.

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In most states, you generally have some version of self-help to deal with encroaching trees.

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You can usually trim what crosses on your side of the property, but notice the important phrase here, your side of the property.

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Self-help usually means that you can grab the pruning shears.

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It does not permit you to grab a chainsaw, walk across the property line, and remove the entire tree.

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That distinction is where a lot of internet advice goes off the rails, because a neighbor cutting branches that cross the fence is one legal problem,

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but a neighbor hiring a crew to remove 200 trees from your property is a different one entirely.

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But also keep in mind that many states have a rule that even when you're trimming things that are on your property, you cannot endanger the life of the tree.

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It all depends on state law.

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And the second legal rule is trespass and destruction.

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When someone crosses the property line and removes your trees, the question is generally no longer, can I trim an encroachment?

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Now the question becomes, who owned the trees?

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Did someone have permission?

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Did they exceed that permission?

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Did they know they were crossing the line?

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And what were the damages?

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And that's why the DeFranco Tree Gate case is such an interesting one.

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The neighbor's strongest defense is not really self-help, it's actually the DeFrancos gave permission.

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And the same fact pattern can go from unauthorized construction project to wrongful cutting, depending on a few documents and a few conversations.

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And while it is obviously helpful to have things in writing, if there is an agreement and it's not in writing, that doesn't mean the agreement is no longer valid.

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It just means you have a harder time proving that agreement.

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And as we've covered many times in this channel, and actually also very recently, testimony is still evidence.

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But all this is why a Japanese maple in Colorado, a privacy screen in Georgia, and a view-blocking tree in Massachusetts may look identical from your backyard, but the law may see three completely different situations.

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A tree is just where the argument starts.

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Tree law.

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Now, social media can bring us incredible things like disputes between neighbors over an overhanging tree, but it can also do harm.

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And if you or your child has spent years on social media and struggled with anxiety, depression, self-harm, eating disorders, or other serious mental health issues,

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you may be entitled to significant compensation.

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Because a jury recently ordered Meta, the company that owns Facebook and Instagram, to pay damages for their role in designing and promoting addictive platforms.

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And my law firm, the Eagle Team, is suing Meta as well as TikTok and Snapchat, because they knew or should have known that their apps could contribute to anxiety, depression, and body image issues,

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but did not share those risks while prioritizing profits.

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The recent historic verdict underscores the consequences of those decisions.

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And we think it's time to do something about it.

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So my law firm, the Eagle team, is stepping up

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So click on the link below and take a short quiz and get a free case evaluation.

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These companies made billions of dollars from our attention.

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We think it's time they answer for the consequences.

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So click below.

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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon

Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau B2 s’appuie sur la vidéo « Reddit's Tree Lawyers Are Losing Their Minds ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : tree, property, neighbor, damage, Defranco. Cette vidéo contient 279 phrases et 4381 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 20:35. Le locuteur parle vite, environ 213 mots par minute : attendez-vous à des liaisons et à des sons réduits. Seuls 78 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.

Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo

Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :

Mot	Prononciation	Sens
neighbour nom	/ˈneɪbɚ/	voisin, voisine
timber nom	/ˈtɪmbɚ/	bois, arbres
statute nom	/ˈstæt͡ʃuːt/	statut
defendant nom	/dɪˈfɛnd.ənt/	inculpé, inculpée
authorize verbe	/ˈɔθəɹaɪz/	autoriser
stump nom	/stʌmp/	souche, moignon
trim verbe	/ˈtɹɪm/	tailler
pond nom	/pɑnd/	étang, mare
boundary nom	/ˈbaʊndɹi/	frontière, limite
liability nom	/laɪəˈbɪlɪti/	responsabilité, dette
chainsaw nom	/ˈt͡ʃeɪnˌsɔ/	tronçonneuse, scie à chaîne
easement nom	/ˈizmənt/	servitude
maple nom	/ˈmeɪpl̩/	érable
backyard nom	/bækˈjɑːd/	arrière-cour
liable adjectif	/ˈlaɪ̯əbəl/	responsable

Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez

Mot	Sens
cut down verbe	abattre
get off verbe	descendre, faire descendre
carried away adjectif	emballé
check out verbe	mater, regarder
come back verbe	revenir
come down verbe	descendre, tomber
figure out verbe	cerner
go off verbe	exploser

Des phrases à répéter

Des phrases courtes et complètes de la vidéo, à réutiliser dans la conversation de tous les jours :

What are my options?
We said, fine, it'll just be a couple trees.
What you doing in my tree stump, buddy?
I don't really need the stump.
We think it's time they answer for the consequences.

La grammaire de cette vidéo

Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :

Structure	Dans la vidéo
Present perfect continu have/has been + -ing — une action commencée avant et toujours en cours	I've been playing · I've been using
Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant	has figured · have been cut · they've also counterclaimed
Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait	have been cut · weren't just damaged · was left
Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose	TikTok, which means · help, which is · person who wrongfully

Prononciation à surveiller

Le locuteur utilise 43 contractions et formes réduites, comme don't, doesn't, didn't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.

Les sons « th »: authorize /ˈɔθəɹaɪz/, theft /θɛft/, authorization /ˌɔːθəɹaɪˈzeɪʃən/
Les sons « sh » et « zh »: allegation /ˌæl.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən/, authorization /ˌɔːθəɹaɪˈzeɪʃən/, litigation /ˌlɪtɪˈɡeɪ̯ʃən/, reconstruction /ˌɹiːkənˈstɹʌkʃən/, detention /dɪˈtɛnʃn̩/
Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: liability /laɪəˈbɪlɪti/, reasonably /ˈɹiː.zən.ə.bli/, allegation /ˌæl.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən/, authorization /ˌɔːθəɹaɪˈzeɪʃən/, governmental /ˌɡʌvɚnˈmɛnt(ə)l/

Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :

/tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: statute /ˈstæt͡ʃuːt/, chainsaw /ˈt͡ʃeɪnˌsɔ/, encroachment /ɪŋˈkɹoʊt͡ʃmənt/, allege /əˈlɛd͡ʒ/, encroach /ɪŋˈkɹəʊtʃ/
/r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: trespass /ˈtɹɛspæs/, authorize /ˈɔθəɹaɪz/, trim /ˈtɹɪm/, boundary /ˈbaʊndɹi/, encroachment /ɪŋˈkɹoʊt͡ʃmənt/
/ŋ/ final — sans prononcer de /g/ après: adjoining /əˈd͡ʒɔɪ.nɪŋ/, neighboring /ˈneɪbəɹɪŋ/

Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo

Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme neighbour, timber, statute.

Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?

Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.

Technique du shadowing : lire le guide complet étape par étape →

Pratique du Shadowing: Reddit's Tree Lawyers Are Losing Their Minds - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo

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