Pratique du Shadowing: The impact of sugar | 60 Minutes Archive - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
Choisissez un mode d'entraînement
Chaque mode ouvre une salle d'entraînement en plein écran.
179 phrases
Si les phrases sont trop courtes ou trop longues, cliquez sur Edit pour les ajuster.
1
The chances are good that sugar is a bigger part of your daily diet than you may realize, which is why our story tonight is so important.
2
New research coming out of some of America's most respected institutions is starting to find that sugar, the way many people are eating it today,
3
is a toxin and could be a driving force behind some of this country's leading killers, including heart disease.
4
As a result of these findings, an anti -sugar campaign has sprung up, led by Dr. Robert Lustig,
5
a California endocrinologist, who believes the consumption of added sugars has plunged America into a public health crisis. Is sugar toxic?
6
I believe it is.
7
Do you ever worry that that just sounds a little bit over the top?
8
Sure.
9
All the time.
10
But it's the truth.
11
Dr. Robert Lustig is a pediatric endocrinologist at the University of California san francisco
12
and a pioneer in what is becoming a war against sugar
13
deep breaths motivated by his own patients too many sick
14
and obese children dr lustig has concluded
15
that sugar more than any other substance is to blame what are all these various diseases
16
that you say are linked to sugar
17
obesity type 2 diabetes hypertension and heart disease itself lustig says the american lifestyle is killing us.
18
And most of it, you say, is preventable.
19
75 % of it is preventable.
20
While Dr. Lustig has published a dozen scientific articles on the evils of sugar, it was his lecture on YouTube called Sugar,
21
the Bitter Truth, that brought his message to the masses.
22
I'm standing here today to recruit you in the war against bad food.
23
By bad food, Dr. Lustig means the obvious things such as table sugar, honey, syrup, sugary drinks and desserts,
24
but also just about every processed food you can imagine where sugar is often hidden.
25
Yogurts and sauces, bread, even peanut butter.
26
And what about the man -made, often vilified sweetener, high fructose corn syrup?
27
Is it worse than just table sugar?
28
No, because it's the exact same.
29
They are basically equivalent problem is they're both bad they're both
30
equally toxic since the 1970s sugar consumption has gone down nearly 40 %
31
but high fructose corn syrup has more than made up the difference dr. lustig says they are both toxic
32
because they both contain fructose that's what makes them sweet
33
and irresistible we love it we go out of our way to find it
34
and I think one of the reasons evolutionarily is
35
because there is no foodstuff on the planet that has fructose
36
that is poisonous to you it is all good so
37
when you taste something that's sweet it's an evolutionary Darwinian signal
38
that this is a safe food we were born this way
39
we were born this way central to dr. Lustig's theory is
40
that we used to get our fructose mostly in small amounts of fruit
41
which came loaded with fiber that slows absorption and consumption.
42
After all, who can eat 10 oranges at a time?
43
But as sugar and high fructose corn syrup became cheaper to refine and produce, we started gorging on them.
44
Americans now consume 130 pounds per person a year.
45
That's a third of a pound every day.
46
Dr. Lustig believes those sweeteners are helping fuel an increase in the most deadly disease in America, heart disease.
47
For years, he's been a controversial voice.
48
Here is our oral isotope.
49
But now studies done by Kimber Stanhope, a nutritional biologist at the University of California, Davis, are starting to back him up.
50
She's in the middle of a groundbreaking five -year study
51
which has already shown strong evidence linking excess high fructose corn
52
syrup consumption to an increase in risk factors for heart disease
53
and stroke that suggests calories from added sugars are different than calories from other foods the mantra
54
that you hear from most nutritionists is
55
that a calorie is a calorie is a calorie
56
and i think the results of the study showed clearly
57
that is not true stanhope's conclusions weren't easy to come by nutrition studies are expensive
58
and difficult stanhope has paid groups of research subjects to live
59
in this hospital wing for weeks at a time under a sort of 24 -hour lockdown.
60
They undergo scans and blood tests.
61
Every calorie they ingest meticulously weighed and prepared.
62
They're never out of our sight.
63
So we do know that they are consuming exactly what we need them to consume.
64
And they're not sneaking any candy bars on the side.
65
Yeah, exactly.
66
For the first few days, participants eat a diet low in added sugars, so baseline blood levels can be measured.
67
So remember, you guys have to finish all your Kool -Aid.
68
Then 25 % of their calories are replaced with sweetened drinks, and Stanhope's team starts drawing blood every 30 minutes around the clock.
69
And those blood samples?
70
They revealed something disturbing.
71
And what are you starting to see?
72
We found that the subjects who consumed high -fructose corn syrup had increased blood levels of LDL cholesterol
73
and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
74
How quickly did these changes occur?
75
Within two weeks.
76
Kimber Stanhope's study suggests that when a person consumes too much sweet stuff, the liver gets overloaded with fructose and converts some of it into fat.
77
Some of that fat ends up in the bloodstream and helps generate a dangerous kind of cholesterol called small dense LDL.
78
These particles are known to lodge in blood vessels, form plaque and are associated with heart attacks.
79
Did it surprise you when you first got these results back?
80
I would have to say I was surprised because
81
when I saw our data I started drinking and eating a whole lot less sugar.
82
I would say our data surprised me.
83
So imagine, for these healthy young people, drinking a sweetened drink might be just as bad for their
84
hearts as the fatty cheeseburgers we've all been warned about since the 1970s.
85
That's when a government commission mandated that we lower fat consumption to try and reduce heart disease.
86
Major coronary risk factors.
87
So with the best of intentions, they say, time to reduce fat in the American diet.
88
Exactly.
89
And we did.
90
And guess what?
91
So heart disease, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and death are skyrocketing.
92
Dr. Lustig believes that's primarily because we replaced a lot of that fat with added sugars.
93
When you take the fat out of the food, it tastes like cardboard.
94
And the food industry knew that, so they replaced it with sugar.
95
This idea that sugar increases this particularly bad LDL, the small, dense particles that are associated with heart disease.
96
Do most doctors, do they know this?
97
No, they do not know this.
98
This is new.
99
And it turns out, sugar has become a major focus in cancer research, too.
100
Lewis Cantley is looking at the connection.
101
If you limit your sugar, you decrease your chances of developing cancer.
102
Absolutely.
103
Cantley, a Harvard professor and the head of the Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, says when we eat or drink sugar, it causes a sudden spike in the hormone insulin,
104
which can serve as a catalyst to fuel certain types of cancers.
105
What we're beginning to learn is that insulin can cause adverse effects in various tissues.
106
And a particular concern is cancer.
107
Why?
108
Nearly a third of some common cancers, including breast and colon cancers, have something called insulin receptors on their surface.
109
Insulin binds to these receptors and signals the tumor to start consuming glucose.
110
So this is your body eating...
111
Every cell in our body needs glucose to survive, but the trouble is these cancer cells also use it to grow.
112
So if you happen to have a tumor that has insulin receptors on it, then it will get stimulated to take up the glucose that's in the bloodstream.
113
So rather than going into the fat or the muscle, the glucose now goes into the tumor and the tumor uses it to grow.
114
So you've just seen that tumor turn blue, which is essentially reflective of the glucose going into it.
115
And that's right.
116
So these cancers, much in the same way that muscle will say, hey, I'd like some of that glucose.
117
The fat says, I would like some of that glucose.
118
The cancers have learned how to do this themselves as well?
119
Yes.
120
So they have evolved the ability to hijack that flow of glucose that's going by in the bloodstream into the tumor itself.
121
Lewis Cantley's research team is working on developing drugs
122
that will cut off the glucose supply to cancer cells and keep them from growing.
123
But until there's a breakthrough, Cantley's advice, don't eat sugar.
124
And if you must, keep it to a minimum.
125
In fact, I live my life that way.
126
I rarely eat sugar.
127
When you see a sugary drink, or if I were to offer you one, with all that you know, what's going through your mind?
128
I probably would turn it down and get a glass of water.
129
But for most of us, that's easier said than done.
130
It turns out sugar is much more addictive than I think we had sort of realized early on.
131
Eric Stice, a neuroscientist at the Oregon Research Institute, is using functional MRI scanners to learn how our brains respond to sweetness.
132
Sugar activates our brain in a special way that's very reminiscent of drugs like cocaine.
133
That's right cocaine.
134
All right, let's give it a shot.
135
I climbed into the MRI scanner to see how my brain would respond.
136
That's a straw that's been rigged to deliver a tiny sip of soda into my mouth.
137
Stay as still as you can, okay?
138
Just as it hit my tongue, the scanner detected increased blood rushing to certain regions of my brain.
139
In these images, the yellow area show that my reward region is responding to the sweet taste.
140
Dopamine, a chemical that controls the brain's pleasure center, is being released, just as it would in response to drugs or alcohol.
141
So dopamine's released, that sort of makes me feel good, I'm experiencing some pleasure from having this kid.
142
Right, that euphoric effect.
143
So far be it for people to realize this, because sugar is everywhere, but you're saying this is one of the most addictive substances possibly that we have.
144
It certainly is very good at firing the reward regions in our brain.
145
Eric Stice says by scanning hundreds of volunteers,
146
he's learned that people who frequently drink sodas or eat ice cream or other sweet foods may be building up a tolerance, much like drug users do.
147
As strange as it sounds, that means the more you eat, the less you feel the reward.
148
The result?
149
You eat more than ever.
150
If you overeat these on a regular basis, it causes changes in the brain that basically Basically, it blunts your reward region response to the food,
151
so then you eat more and more to achieve the same satisfaction you felt originally.
152
With all this new science emerging, we wanted to hear from the sugar industry.
153
So we visited Jim Simon, who's on the board of the Sugar Association, at a sugarcane farm in Louisiana.
154
Would it surprise you that almost every scientist
155
that we talked to in researching this story told us they are eliminating all added sugars.
156
They're getting rid of it because they're concerned about the health impacts.
157
To say that the American consuming public is going to completely eliminate sweeteners out of their diet,
158
I don't think gets us there.
159
Simon cautions that eliminating sugar wrongly vilifies one food, rather than working toward the long -term solution of reducing calories and exercising.
160
You know, a lot of people, Jim, are saying that sugar is different.
161
It is bad for your heart and causing a lot of the problems that we are talking about.
162
It is addictive and in some cases might even fuel cancers.
163
What would you, I mean you've looked at this, you must have looked at some of these studies.
164
What do you say about that?
165
Science is not completely clear here.
166
But some of these studies exist.
167
I mean what is a consumer, what are they to make of all that?
168
Well I would say to them that they've got to approach their diet in balance.
169
Dr. Robert Lustig agrees.
170
We need a balanced diet.
171
But his idea of balance is a drastic reduction in sugar consumption. To that end,
172
he co -authored an American Heart Association report recommending men should consume no more than 150 calories of added sugars a day.
173
And women, just 100 calories.
174
That's less than the amount in just one can of soda.
175
Ultimately, this is a public health crisis.
176
And when it's a public health crisis, you have to do big things and you have to do them across the board.
177
Tobacco and alcohol are perfect examples.
178
We have made a conscious choice that we're not going to get rid of them, but we are going to limit their consumption.
179
I think sugar belongs in this exact same wastebasket.
Télécharger l'application
Tout pour parler couramment
Prononciation IAChaque phrase notée
Phonétique (IPA)Maîtrisez chaque son
VocabulaireEnrichissez votre lexique
Jeu de vocabulaireApprenez en jouant
Même chaîne
C11
Sen. Tillis warns that without checks and balances, U.S. democracy is at risk | 60 Minutes
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
Why Christopher Nolan shot "The Odyssey" on IMAX film
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
Alysa Liu: The 60 Minutes Interview
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B2Conan O'Brien on 60 Minutes in 2010
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B22
Barack Obama: The 2020 60 Minutes interview
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B22
Shot Down Over Iran, The Pardon Economy, Battering Ram | 60 Minutes Full Episodes
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B24
Eminem rhymes the word orange | 60 Minutes Archive
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
2012: SpaceX: Elon Musk's race to space
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B22
Brené Brown: Vulnerability, not over-sharing
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B27
In 2011 Taylor Swift told 60 Minutes she feels like an outsider
TeensDaily ConversationHigh School Students
B21
Cillian Murphy: The 60 Minutes Interview
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepInterview English
B2Extended Interview: Air Force officer shot down in Iran on surviving behind enemy lines
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepDaily Conversation
FOR YOU
Vidéo recommandée
B25
18 phrases
Robert Lustig reveals foods with loads of hidden sugar
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B26
46 phrases
What is Public Health? Episode 1 of "That's Public Health"
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B26
310 phrases
Why Scientists Are Warning Us About Everyday Plastics | 60 Minutes Australia
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
240 phrases
Was passiert wirklich, wenn du auf Zucker verzichtest? | Quarks
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B23
22 phrases
A look at the Trump administration’s new dietary guidelines, what Robert F. Kennedy Jr. has to say
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C1182 phrases
Everyday Foods that Feed CANCER Cells
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
59 phrases
Should Social Media Be Banned for Kids Under 16? | The Debate You Need to Hear
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B27
45 phrases
The Truth About Sugar and Wheat
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B25
263 phrases
"Coffee" is just Dessert Now
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C1384
14 phrases
What Happens When You Eat Too Much Sugar? According To A Sugar Expert
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
148 phrases
Statin Misinformation: Mayo Clinic Radio
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
127 phrases
We Left the USA -- Something is Very Wrong with the Food in America
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale s’appuie sur la vidéo « The impact of sugar ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : sugar, cancer, lustig, calorie, disease. Cette vidéo contient 179 phrases et 2183 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 13:31. Le locuteur parle à un rythme naturel d’environ 162 mots par minute, proche d’une conversation courante. Seuls 80 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| calorie nom | /ˈkæləɹi/ | calorie |
| glucose nom | /ˈɡluː.kəʊz/ | glucose |
| consume verbe | /kənˈsum/ | consommer |
| consumption nom | /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/ | consommation |
| tumor nom | /tuː.məɹ/ | tumeur |
| syrup nom | /ˈsɪɹ.əp/ | sirop |
| corn nom | /ˈkɔːn/ | maïs |
| insulin nom | /ˈɪnsəlɪn/ | insuline |
| reward nom | /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/ | récompense, salaire |
| toxic adjectif | /ˈtɒk.sɪk/ | toxique |
| eliminate verbe | /ɪˈlɪm.ɪ.neɪt/ | éliminer |
| receptor nom | /ɹɪˈsɛp.tə/ | récepteur |
| addictive adjectif | /əˈdɪktɪv/ | addictif, qui rend accro |
| scanner nom | /ˈskænə/ | scanneur, scanner |
| muscle nom | /ˈmʌs.əl/ | muscle |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| turn out verbe | se finir, se terminer | |
| build up verbe | s'accumuler, s'entasser | |
| cut off verbe | /ˌkʌt ˈɔf/ [ˌkɐɾ ˈɔf] | tailler, couper |
| go down verbe | descendre | |
| go through verbe | traverser | |
| make up verbe | /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/ | constituer, composer |
Des phrases à répéter
Des phrases courtes et complètes de la vidéo, à réutiliser dans la conversation de tous les jours :
- They're never out of our sight.
- Did it surprise you when you first got these results back?
- All right, let's give it a shot.
- I don't think gets us there.
- What do you say about that?
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | has sprung · has plunged · has concluded |
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | are linked · is often hidden · were born |
| Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose | realize, which is · blue, which is · people who frequently |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 19 contractions et formes réduites, comme they're, don't, I'm. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: consumption /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/, rush /ɹʌʃ/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, conclusion /kənˈkluːʒən/, reduction /ɹɪˈdʌk.ʃən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: eliminate /ɪˈlɪm.ɪ.neɪt/, cholesterol /kəˈlɛstəɹɒl/, primarily /ˈpɹaɪ.mə.ɹə.li/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, controversial /ˌkɑn.tɹəˈvɝ.ʃəl/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: honey /ˈhʌni/, hormone /ˈhoɹmoʊn/, hijack /ˈhaɪ.d͡ʒæk/, hypertension /ˌhaɪ.pɚˈtɛn.ʃən/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: functional /ˈfʌŋkt͡ʃənəl/, generate /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ə.ɹeɪt/, lecture /ˈlɛk.t͡ʃə/, lodge /lɑd͡ʒ/, emerge /ɪˈmɝd͡ʒ/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: calorie /ˈkæləɹi/, tumor /tuː.məɹ/, syrup /ˈsɪɹ.əp/, reward /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/, receptor /ɹɪˈsɛp.tə/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme calorie, glucose, consume.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.