Pratique du Shadowing: The Menstrual Cycle Explained: A Guide to the 4 Phases & Hormones - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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Around age 9 to 13, girls enter puberty and have their very first period. From this day forward, their hormone levels fluctuate, affecting their body, brain and behavior — a phenomenon known as the menstrual cycle.
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The menstrual cycle is divided into 4 phases: Menstruation, follicular phase, ovulation with a fertile window, and the luteal phase. The length of the cycle is, on average, 28 days. However, for most women it ranges somewhere between 22 and 35 days and can be regular or not. Since menstruation is a consequence of changes that happen before it, we will start our story with the follicular phase.
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During the Follicular phase, the hormone estrogen increases steadily and Leah starts to feel happy, is physically stronger, and is generally on top form.
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Inside her body, her uterine lining starts to thicken and in the ovaries, her follicles mature. Inside one of them is a tiny cell that's about to become an egg. At the end of this phase, Leah notices a change in her discharge.
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During Ovulation the ovary releases the egg, which makes its way towards the uterus and then implants itself inside the lining. For about 5 days, Leah could potentially get pregnant.
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The high levels of estrogen make Leah more interested in boys than she used to be, which is why she is more conscious about her appearance. Her senses are heightened and she hears, sees, tastes and smells more acutely.
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In the Luteal phase, her body temperature rises slightly. Leah has more sensitive, swollen breasts, and occasional joint pain, which makes skateboarding harder.
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Like just about every other woman, Leah can now experience premenstrual syndrome. If it's bad, she wants to be alone, feels moody, and can have thoughts that keep her up at night.
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If there is no pregnancy, Leah’s uterus sheds her thickened lining. As a result she experiences bleeding and often painful cramps. This marks the first day of menstruation.
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Leah is now exhausted. She has trouble concentrating, is not motivated, and can’t do sports, which annoys her a lot. But soon after she starts feeling better and the cycle continues.
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Every young woman experiences a different version of the menstrual cycle, with periods ranging from little to no discomfort, to heavy bleeding and intense pain. And about 1 in 10 girls will have to deal with what’s known as endometriosis.
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Endometriosis is a condition where tissue grows outside the uterus.
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This can lead to severe and lasting pain during their menses, intercourse, or on the toilet. And eventually it can even lead to infertility.
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What do you think? How does the menstrual cycle influence your life, or the life of your partner or friend? And how can society support women and girls who experience regular periods of pain and fatigue? Share your thoughts in the comments below!
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau B2 s’appuie sur la vidéo « The Menstrual Cycle Explained: A Guide to the 4 Phases & Hormones ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : Leah, phase, cycle, menstrual, pain. Cette vidéo contient 15 phrases et 481 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 3:37. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 133 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. Seuls 77 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant. 3 de ses 15 phrases sont des questions : un bon entraînement pour l’intonation interrogative et les réponses courtes.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| menstrual adjectif | /ˈmɛn.stɹu.əl/ | menstruel |
| follicular adjectif | folliculaire | |
| menstruation nom | /ˌmɛnstɹuˈeɪʃən/ | menstruation, règles |
| endometriosis nom | /ˌɛndoʊˌmiːtɹiˈoʊsɪs/ | endométriose |
| estrogen nom | /ˈɛstɹəd͡ʒən/ | œstrogène |
| luteal adjectif | lutéal | |
| ovulation nom | /ɑvjəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ | ovulation |
| thicken verbe | /ˈθɪkən/ | épaissir |
| bleed verbe | /ˈbliːd/ | saigner |
| hormone nom | /ˈhoɹmoʊn/ | hormone |
| fluctuate verbe | /ˈflʌkt͡ʃu.eɪt/ | fluctuer |
| follicle nom | /ˈfɑlɪkəl/ | follicule |
| heighten verbe | /ˈhaɪ̯.tən/ | hausser |
| implant verbe | /ɪmˈplɑːnt/ | implanter |
| premenstrual adjectif | /pɹiˈmɛnztɹ(əw)əl/ | prémenstruel |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| « Used to » used to + verbe — une habitude ou un état passé qui n’est plus vrai | used to be |
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | is divided · are heightened |
| Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose | egg, which makes · pain, which makes |
Prononciation à surveiller
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: menstruation /ˌmɛnstɹuˈeɪʃən/, ovulation /ɑvjəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/, occasional /əˈkeɪʒ(ə)nəl/, conscious /ˈkɑn.ʃəs/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: menstruation /ˌmɛnstɹuˈeɪʃən/, endometriosis /ˌɛndoʊˌmiːtɹiˈoʊsɪs/, ovulation /ɑvjəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/, premenstrual /pɹiˈmɛnztɹ(əw)əl/, occasional /əˈkeɪʒ(ə)nəl/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme menstrual, follicular, menstruation.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.