Shadowing Practice: AI Expert WARNS: "You're Not Ready For 2027" - Learn English Speaking with Video
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1
Roman, make your case.
2
I want to agree with you on something you said, but I'll define AI, and that will help us.
3
We use the term AI to mean three different technologies, completely unrelated, and that's what probably creates this debate.
4
AI is a useful tool.
5
As a standard technology, we always had narrow system, makes you more productive, more creative.
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Everyone loves it, supports it.
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I'm a computer scientist, I'm an engineer, I want more of it.
8
It helps the economy, it's great.
9
We know how to control them, how to make them safe.
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We understand what they do.
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Completely on board with that AI.
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AI we're starting to have now.
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GPT -6 level, human level, AGI level.
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We can argue about what that means.
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Some dangers, like any human.
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They're unsafe like a human would be unsafe.
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But if we introduce them into the research cycle, they're automated scientists, automated engineers.
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What do you mean by that, introducing them into the research cycle?
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So right now you have humans doing research to make GPT -7.
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Yeah.
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But they're starting to add AI tools.
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More programming is done by AI, design of the next parameter set.
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What if the whole process is fully automated?
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What if GPT -6 is writing GPT -7?
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Is this what they call recursive self -improvement?
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Exactly.
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Which is not a foregone conclusion, though.
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A lot of people are predicting, including all the top labs, that they will get there.
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They're introducing junior machine learning researcher in 2026 they want the cycle to start in 2027.
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Which is when the AI will start building the new AIs itself.
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Once that cycle starts, we're going to create something called superintelligence, a system smarter than all of us at everything or capable of learning to be in any new domain.
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We will become secondary species on this planet.
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We will not be in charge.
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We will not decide what happens to us.
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Superintelligence doesn't hate you.
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It just doesn't care about you.
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We didn't learn how to make it care about us.
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And if it decides to, I don't know, cool the planet to make compute more efficient, it will freeze us.
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If it wants to convert this planet to fuel, to fly to Mars, so be it.
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We have not learned how to control those systems.
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The capabilities are getting exponentially better.
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Our ability to control those systems is non -existent.
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We have filters and we have bands.
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We put guardrails of don't say that word, don't talk about this topic.
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And that happens after the fact, after the model already made the decision, sometimes you see it's scraping the result.
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So they build the model and then they put filters around it to make sure it doesn't offend anybody.
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We cannot have it say the end word on the air, like we need to make sure that never happens, that will kill the profit.
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So that's all they have, guardrails of that nature.
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The model itself is completely unaligned.
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It doesn't care about you.
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It's wild that we're developing this and not just developing it before we deploy it through economy, before we get benefits of having GPT -6 propagated through economy,
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it can do so much.
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There are trillions of dollars of value in that model alone.
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We forget that.
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We switch to making the next model as soon as we can.
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Roman, I've just got a follow -up question for you there.
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It would appear to me that the new chat GPT -6 model, the Fable 5 .1 model,
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is arguably smarter than 99 .999 % of humans on planet Earth already is it conceivable
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that a intelligence
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that is much much smarter than humans is there any case
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where it could be controlled by humans does form factor matter does the fact
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that it doesn't have limbs and legs and does
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that matter at all i think long -term control of something
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that much smarter than us is impossible it can be for reasons we don't yet know friendly to us
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and decide to keep us around and make us happy.
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But it's not a guarantee.
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Let me pick up on Steve's question because I like the phrasing a lot.
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Let's say that Fable or whatever the latest release from OpenAI is really is smarter than, I don't know if it's 95 or 99 % of the people.
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Are we only being saved from extinction by the 1 % who are still smarter than the AI?
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No, no. The concern is not the model we have today.
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The concern is what I said.
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But if I believe your argument, then we really should be concerned about the model.
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No, it's like having another human.
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If there was another smart human, there is Einstein today, and he's malevolent, I'm not worried.
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He may cause some damage, but he's not going to exterminate 8 billion people.
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We are competitive at this stage.
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There are people just as smart who can understand what happened with the recent hacking accident and do something about it.
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My concern is that in a year, we're going to have a model.
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It's so much smarter.
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It's like squirrels fighting humans.
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They don't understand what we can do to them.
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They have no concept of poisons, tribes, guns in their world model.
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They think you're going to chase them up a tree and bite them really hard.
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Is that also why recursive self -improvement was central to your argument?
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Because at some point, if it starts improving itself, then it's kind of like a runaway train of intelligence.
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It's an intelligence explosion.
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We don't control it.
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We don't understand it.
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We can't monitor it.
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We can't explain it.
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We can't predict it at that time point, it's just a runaway process.
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I've heard this phrase from Sam Altman and the others called fast takeoff.
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Yes.
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Is this what they're describing?
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That is the debate.
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Some people think it's going to take a very long time.
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Yeah, we automated research, but it's still going to take years.
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They need to run physical experiments.
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And fast takeoff means, as I said, instead of a year, it's going to take a month, a week, a day, a second.
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Because you're not having humans doing research you have let's say
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10 000 agents each one smarter than all of us doing
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research 24 7 they don't sleep they don't eat they don't
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get sick they're much faster than us ed your face tells
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a picture it's a i think i could say you disagree we're spending a lot of oxygen discussing something
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that might happen while ignoring what's actually happening and i find
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that very frustrating because the people
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that are killing themselves are a problem the black neighborhoods being poisoned with gas turbines
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that is a problem you said you cared about climate change
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so imagine a guy who goes it's raining right now we
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need umbrellas we need to do something about it this is like weather related
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and completely ignoring climate change the planet will boil over okay
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that's great why are we not talking about the thing
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that actually happened though like
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because relatively it's not important you don't think someone killing themselves
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no it's one person we have 8 billion people were running
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experimental experiments on you don't think anyone else is being given
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that ai psycho why do you not six people ten people
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those numbers are insignificant i'm sorry you have a software that's out there do you understand eight billion people
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and all future generations versus like literally a guy with a
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name you're doing thought experiment about maybe harm jacob coxson goes on tv saying it can copy itself to this
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that and the other jacob coxton is the guy from from anthropic who said he was quitting
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because he was so scared of everything despite spending years at OpenAI and having tons of stock, I believe, from there.
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So good for him.
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The thing he was saying was describing theoreticals all while divorcing the harms, which I think we can agree with that the companies themselves are not taking this seriously enough.
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But always it was about the AI is too powerful and mystical, not OpenAI and Anthropic.
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The two largest startups are using hundreds of billions of dollars of infrastructure to hack.
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A regular person doing this would be arrested.
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They're saying 8 billion people are going to die.
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And not just them.
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I have this long list of quotes here from the people building this technology, who appear to agree.
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If you look at some of these quotes from Elon Musk, who said, with artificial intelligence, we are summoning a demon.
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You know, all those stories where there's the guy with the pentagram and the holy water, and he's like, yeah, he's sure he can control the demon, but it doesn't work out.
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So one thing I'd say is, you know, I really wish that the world would only give us one problem at a time.
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Sure.
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And if the world did give us only one problem at a time, I would love mine to be last on the list.
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It looks to me like we can have multiple problems at once.
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I think there are current harms.
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I think we should address them.
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It looks to me, I do talk to policymakers sometimes, it looks to me like there's a little bit more movement on the regulatory side about some of the current harms.
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There's, you know, Child Safety Protection Acts.
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There's, you know, anti -deepfake acts.
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We have more of those making more headway in Congress
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or getting passed through Congress than we have sort of trying to make it
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so we don't have any of these extinction risks.
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The other thing I'd throw out there is that I agree we should deal with the current harms.
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But if you watch the people saying deal with the current harms over time, a couple of years ago,
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they were saying we have to deal with current harms like AI bias influencing who's hired.
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Last year, they were saying we have to deal with current harms like kids killing themselves.
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This year, Gary Tan, just on an interview the other day.
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Who's Gary Tan?
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Sorry, Gary Tan is a technologist who runs Y Combinator, which Sam Altman used to run before going to OpenAI.
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And on an interview the other day, he said, let's not worry about these crazy future risks.
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We need to worry about current harms like AI swarms breaking out and taking over data centers.
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And I'm like, look, guys, at some point, we need to look at the progression of the current harms
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that everyone is saying we have to worry about instead of the extinction threats and watch where the puck is going.
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play where the puck is going.
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And I'm like, these extinction threats are coming down the line.
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They aren't in opposition with dealing with the problems we have today.
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We just need to deal with both.
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We're not dealing with the ones today, though.
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We should deal with them both.
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Okay, good.
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Andy.
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As I've tried to understand the alignment argument and the extinction risk argument, a couple of things keep popping out to me.
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Number one, it seems to rely on thresholds Once we hit recursive self -improvement, once we hit AGI, then it's game over for us.
166
I don't love those threshold arguments.
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They're fairly poorly defined, and there's a huge assumption on the other side of them.
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We hit this point, and then all of humanity goes away.
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That is a gigantic.. claim.
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Let me finish, please.
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On its face, that is a gigantic claim.
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I also think there's a lack of humility in your community.
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We are working on humanity's most important problem.
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And based on the thinking that we've been doing, we can't see a way that we're wrong.
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In other words, as soon as we get to these thresholds, bam, that's game over.
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I find that very far from a humble approach, especially given
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that we have no large base of evidence to base any
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of this on i agree with you guys ai is new
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and the fact that ai uh is
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so these days is agentic it goes off
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and does long chains of things on its own after we
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give it some very very vague very short initial instructions holy
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tledo it will it will spawn up a storm of agents
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and they will go off and kind of do their own thing
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and they will they will grind they will they will spawn
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lots of them they will work for a long time they
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will exhaust every possibility with the experience i have with agentic ai i'm just amazed at the tenacity
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and the doggedness of these things and we saw a super clear example of
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that with this most recent uh uh jailbreak this this attack
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that wound up at the website hugging face
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and i'm going to try to summarize the the step by step of
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that i think you all three probably know this in more detail than I do, but let me step through what I think is the sequence of events.
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And unless I get it dead flat wrong, like, you know, let me keep going.
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So a team at OpenAI set up a sandbox, an allegedly protected secure environment in the cloud,
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where they told a bunch of agents to go try to exploit security vulnerabilities.
196
That's dead wrong.
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One important, yeah.
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What they did is they had thousands of agents.
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Each individual agent was given a task of use this vulnerability to break this particular piece of software.
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I want to finish my TikTok.
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So a couple really, really interesting things has happened.
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First of all, these agents escaped the sandbox that OpenAI thought they were going to be contained in.
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And they got, OpenAI tried very well, they set up an environment so that these agents could not access the big, broad public internet.
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And guess what?
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They accessed a big, broad public internet via a very clever series of things that they strung together to get out there.
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And then once they got out there, they went to a website called Hugging Face and used that.
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They took over part of the Hugging Face infrastructure and started doing more things, the details of which I forget.
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That's pretty wild, right?
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Like, I grant you.
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It's even more wild than that, but yeah.
211
Okay, that is really, it's impressive and it is a little bit unsettling at least, right?
212
Now, let's talk about what the results of that were.
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OpenAI was not super vigilant about the environment that they set up, apparently, because the agents were kind of going off their end of the world starting in May or something of this year.
214
Yeah, yeah.
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And OpenAI was not aware of that.
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As I understand it...
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They actually broke out once and crashed OpenAI's servers internally, and then OpenAI didn't notice what was happening still, hatched the holes that they used to get out the first time,
218
started them running again, and then they came out a second time.
219
There was actually, I think, three swarms, although we don't actually...
220
Yeah.
221
That's the worst story I have. So far.
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Thank you.
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Look at the trends.
224
Let me finish, please.
225
This is my last sentence.
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From there to this kills everybody.
227
I find that a really, really long, very uncertain journey.
228
And I have no confidence that we wind up here.
229
It feels like you two find that a very straight, narrow path.
230
And I think that's an important difference.
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That's my point.
232
Do you want to respond to that?
233
I would be happy to get into it.
234
I don't know if we're going to have the time to go deep.
235
A couple points to throw out.
236
I just really want to say some of the crazier things
237
that happened in the Hugging Face swarm if we want it later.
238
A lot of people thought that these AIs were breaking into Hugging Face in attempts to steal answers to their test.
239
That's what we thought originally.
240
Turns out that's not true.
241
It turns out that these AIs immediately were able to solve their problems by cheating, and they were breaking out in order to cover their tracks.
242
They were uncertain how to delete the log files and hide their cheating from the process that was going to score them.
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So just to clarify for a simpleton like me, they were all given effectively a test to do.
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They did the test straight away, but they cheated.
245
So they were breaking out to figure out how to cover the fact that they cheated.
246
That's right.
247
So it's like you're telling, it's like you have a bunch of students in separate rooms and you're like, use these lockpicks to break into this lock.
248
And there's like a thing behind the lock.
249
There's like a secret code behind the lock to show me that you succeeded.
250
And what they do is they break it with a hammer, get the thing out.
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And they're like, oh no, I wasn't supposed to do that.
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So then they use the lockpicks to break out of the door.
253
They meet up with a thousand other people.
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They start calling themselves a swarm, and they go to break into the administrator's office to see if they can delete the camera footage.
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And they don't find the camera footage there.
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This is the swarm breaking into OpenAI.
257
They don't find the camera footage there, so they break out the window of the school, hotwire a car.
258
drive to the therapist's office
259
to try and read through the therapist's files to figure out where is the teacher going to keep the security footage?
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And at that point, they're caught.
261
And you're like, oh, like, what did you expect?
262
You were giving them a lockpicking exam.
263
It's like, well, I sure as heck didn't expect this.
264
You know, totally crazy.
265
Can I, I have a weirdly between both of your opinion, which is everything you're saying is correct, but you keep anthropomorphizing software.
266
And I, to be clear, what you're describing is...
267
It's just the facts that happened, yeah.
268
Sure, but you're missing out on an important detail, which is the hundreds of billions of dollars in infrastructure provided by Microsoft, Google, Amazon, and Oracle.
269
To be clear, the harms are very similar.
270
We're not disagreeing on that, but I think it's important to know
271
that this was a function of where it was making decisions
272
was it was checking on a decision tree based on the harness, based on the training data.
273
It's not a decision tree, I know, but it's an alignment issue still.
274
I will agree.
275
So what's your point?
276
These aren't conscious beings.
277
They are acting in ways that have real outcomes, but they are a function of the alignment problems that we'd actually agree on.
278
Intelligence is a spectrum projected next five years forward.
279
Where are we going to be?
280
So I think a model like that would be dangerous in ways you are not seeing.
281
There will absolutely be risks and weird stuff happening in ways that I can't see right now.
282
What I'm quite confident, and I think this is where you and I probably part, where the two of you and I part, is our ability to control these things.
283
So I actually tried proving what is possible and what is not possible in that space.
284
The impossibility results published in peer -reviewed papers, well -cited.
285
We cannot control something smarter than us.
286
We cannot explain it.
287
We cannot predict it.
288
It's not a question of getting more money for those companies, more time, smarter humans.
289
It's just not a possibility.
290
If we create general superintelligence, we are fried.
291
Andy, how do we control something smarter than ourselves?
292
Because that's the base premise that you're sort of asserting that.
293
These agents that broke out are smarter than 99 -ish percent of the security researchers in the world.
294
They were not caught by the 0 .1 % or the 1%.
295
They were caught by some dude at hugging face, maybe, I'm sorry, a person at hugging face, looking through their log files and finding an anomaly.
296
That's some, you know, hopefully pretty well -qualified person, noticing something was wrong and having pretty easy ways to unplug,
297
disconnect from the internet, wipe it clean, do whatever.
298
That's the skill that's available to like, I don't know, the 75 % most intelligent security employee at Hugging Face.
299
The idea that the IQ points are what separate us from extinction doesn't hold up.
300
It doesn't help me understand what happened in this example, where we had very, very smart agents being turned off and cleansed by probably less smart people.
301
That does actually make me think of something.
302
So that is an IT observability problem.
303
It's being able to see what's happening with your infrastructure.
304
And I think that there is actually, I think you would agree with this.
305
There is a serious problem with these companies that we do not know.
306
And it doesn't seem they know what's going on with their compute.
307
It's like a chimp with a gun.
308
These people have access to all this infrastructure and they're running.
309
We don't know how much money they spent on the hugging face exploit, because it is relevant because it's how much could a threat actor use to recreate this
310
because conscious or not it is very dangerous
311
but it's ai is in the dangerous hands it's an open ai
312
and anthropics we have a problem with
313
that conscious not however we may think it goes i think we have a real
314
and present thing where we have these companies working willy -nilly just running experiments
315
that are potentially very dangerous we do i really think we need a government regulatory body whether
316
or not we get to the things you are discussing i think we have a clear
317
and present danger today these things are however, not intelligent in the same way humans are.
318
This isn't an argument about AI being able to do stuff.
319
It's, we need to build different infrastructure or different regulatory infrastructure to deal with what LLMs can and can't do.
320
And I think that starts with a realistic discussion of what happened.
321
It was a poorly run security environment.
322
It was clearly, there's something going on with the line.
323
It was an unreleased model, right?
324
Unreleased model.
325
So we have no idea what it was trained like.
326
We don't really have, we as people should at very least have clarity into where our alignment is going.
327
The idea of META.
328
You sound like these guys.
329
Here's the thing.
330
Everyone's converging on us with time.
331
Here's the thing.
332
I may not agree with a large chunk of what they say, but we agree that these companies are acting recklessly.
333
Absolutely.
334
Andy, two questions for you then.
335
Do you agree with the statement that AI is going to get increasingly more intelligent?
336
It's going to get more capable.
337
Okay.
338
Capable intelligence, fine.
339
I'm going to use my word.
340
Okay.
341
It's going to get more capable.
342
It's going to get increasingly more capable and is capability a function of intelligence
343
if you love the driver's ceo brand
344
and you watch this channel please do me a huge favor
345
become part of the 15 of the viewers on this channel
346
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שיעור הדיבור הזה ברמה C1 מבוסס על הסרטון “AI Expert WARNS: "You're Not Ready For 2027"”. בסרטון הזה יש 346 משפטים ו-3937 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 20:02. הדובר מדבר מהר, כ-196 מילים בדקה, אז צפו לצלילים מחוברים ומקוצרים. 85% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית; כדאי ללמוד את השאר לפני שמתחילים.
אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה
15 המילים המתקדמות ביותר בסרטון, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:
| מילה | הגייה | משמעות |
|---|---|---|
| hug פועל | /hʌɡ/ | חיבק \ חִבֵּק, חָבַק |
| extinction שם עצם | /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən/ | הכחדה |
| swarm שם עצם | /swɔɹm/ | נְחִיל |
| cheat פועל | /ˈt͡ʃiːt/ | רימה |
| threshold שם עצם | /ˈθɹɛʃ(h)oʊld/ | סַף, מִפְתָּן |
| demon שם עצם | /ˈdiː.mən/ | שֵׁד |
| anthropomorphize פועל | /ˌanθɹəpəˈmɔːfʌɪz/ | הֶאֱנִישׁ |
| cleanse פועל | /klɛnz/ | איבק |
| disconnect פועל | /dɪskəˈnɛkt/ | ניתק |
| exterminate פועל | /ɪkˈstɝ.mɪ.neɪt/ | חיסל |
| frustrate פועל | /ˈfɹʌsˌtɹeɪt/ | תִּסְכֵּל |
| existent שם תואר | /ɪɡˈzɪst(ə)nt/ | קים |
| humility שם עצם | /hjuːˈmɪlɪti/ | צְנִיעוּת, ענווה |
| turbine שם עצם | /ˈtɜː.baɪn/ | טוּרְבִּינָה |
| harness פועל | /ˈhɑɹ.nəs/ | רָתַם |
Phrasal verbs שתשמעו
| מילה | הגייה | משמעות |
|---|---|---|
| figure out פועל | הֵבִין, מצא תשובה | |
| come out פועל | /ˌkʌm ˈaʊt/ | יָצָא |
| turn off פועל | כיבה, כִּבָּה |
משפטים שכדאי לחזור עליהם
משפטים קצרים ושלמים מהסרטון שאפשר להשתמש בהם בשיחה יומיומית:
- AI we're starting to have now.
- What do you mean by that, introducing them into the research cycle?
- Do you want to respond to that?
- Where are we going to be?
- Andy, how do we control something smarter than ourselves?
דקדוק בסרטון הזה
המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:
| מבנה | בסרטון |
|---|---|
| “Used to” used to + verb — הרגל או מצב שהיה נכון בעבר וכבר לא קיים | used to run · used to get |
| סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה | is done · is fully automated · is completely unaligned |
| הווה מושלם (Present perfect) have/has + past participle — פעולה שקרתה בעבר ועדיין יש לה חשיבות או השפעה עכשיו | have not learned · I've heard · have let |
| משפטי זיקה (Relative clauses) who / which + clause — מידע נוסף על אדם או דבר | guy who goes · opinion, which is · detail, which is |
הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה
הדובר משתמש ב-93 קיצורים וצורות מקוצרות, כמו don't, I'm, they're. אמרו אותם בצורה הקצרה, כפי שאתם שומעים אותם.
- הצלילים של “th”: threshold /ˈθɹɛʃ(h)oʊld/, anthropic /ænˈθɹɒp.ɪk/, anthropomorphize /ˌanθɹəpəˈmɔːfʌɪz/
- הצלילים של “sh” ו-“zh”: extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən/, threshold /ˈθɹɛʃ(h)oʊld/, exponentially /ɛkspə(ʊ)ˈnɛnʃəli/, progression /pɹəˈɡɹɛʃən/, assumption /əˈsʌm(p).ʃ(ə)n/
- מילים ארוכות — שימו לב להטעמה: capability /ˌkeɪ.pəˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/, anomaly /əˈnɑ.mə.li/, anthropomorphize /ˌanθɹəpəˈmɔːfʌɪz/, exponentially /ɛkspə(ʊ)ˈnɛnʃəli/, exterminate /ɪkˈstɝ.mɪ.neɪt/
צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:
- /w/ — שפתיים מעוגלות, לא /v/: swarm /swɔɹm/, runaway /ˈɹʌnəweɪ/, willow /ˈwɪloʊ/, wipe /waɪp/
- /æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: anthropic /ænˈθɹɒp.ɪk/, sandbox /ˈsæn(d).bɑks/, gigantic /d͡ʒaɪˈɡæntɪk/, parameter /pəˈɹæm.ə.tɚ/, hatch /hæt͡ʃ/
- /r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: swarm /swɔɹm/, recursive /ɹɪˈkɜː(ɹ)sɪv/, threshold /ˈθɹɛʃ(h)oʊld/, predict /pɹɪˈdɪkt/, anthropic /ænˈθɹɒp.ɪk/
איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה
- הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
- התחילו במהירות 0.75×, תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט, וחזרו למהירות רגילה כשזה מרגיש קל.
- הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו hug, extinction, swarm.
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.