Shadowing Practice: A.I. ‐ Humanity's Final Invention? - Learn English Speaking with Video
בחר מצב תרגול
כל מצב פותח חדר תרגול במסך מלא.
184 משפטים
אם המשפטים קצרים או ארוכים מדי, לחץ על ערוך כדי להתאים אותם.
1
Humans rule Earth without competition.
2
But we're about to create something that may change that.
3
Our last invention, the most powerful tool, weapon or maybe even entity, artificial superintelligence.
4
This sounds like science fiction.
5
So let's start at the beginning.
6
Intelligence is the ability to learn, reason, acquire knowledge and skills, and use them to solve problems.
7
Intelligence is power and we're the species that exploited it the most.
8
So much so that humanity broke the game of nature and took control.
9
But the journey there wasn't straightforward.
10
For most animals, intelligence costs too much energy to be worth it.
11
Still, if we track intelligence in the tree of species over time, we can see lots of diverse forms of intelligence emerge.
12
The earliest brains were in flatworms 500 million years ago.
13
Just a tiny cluster of neurons to handle basic body functions.
14
It took hundreds of millions of years for species to diversify and become more complex.
15
Life conquered new environments, gained new senses and had to contend with fierce competition over resources.
16
But in nature all that matters is survival and brains are expensive.
17
So for almost all animals a narrow intelligence fit for a narrow range of tasks was enough.
18
In some environments, animals like birds, octopuses and mammals evolved more complex neural structures.
19
For them, it paid off to have more energy-consuming skills like advanced navigation and communication.
20
Until 7 million years ago, the hominins emerged.
21
We don't know why, but their brains grew faster than their relatives.
22
Something was different about their intelligence.
23
Very slowly, it turned from narrow to general, from a screwdriver to a multi-tool multi-tool, able to think about diverse problems.
24
Two million years ago, Homo erectus saw the world differently from anyone before, as something to be understood and transformed.
25
They controlled fire, invented tools and created the first culture.
26
We probably emerged from them around 250,000 years ago with an even larger and more complex brain.
27
It enabled us to work together in large groups and to communicate complex thoughts.
28
We used our intelligence to improve our lives, to ask how things work and why things are the way they are.
29
With each discovery, we asked more questions and pushed forward, preserving what we learned, outpacing what evolution could do with genes.
30
Knowledge builds on knowledge.
31
Progress was slow at first and then sped up exponentially.
32
Agriculture, writing, medicine, astronomy or philosophy exploded into the world.
33
200 years ago science took off and made us even better at learning about the world and speeding up progress.
34
35 years ago the internet age began.
35
Today we live in a world made to suit our needs, created by us, for us.
36
This is incredibly new.
37
We forget how hard it was to get here, how enormous the steps on the intelligence ladder were, and how long it took to climb them.
38
But once we did, we became the most powerful animal in the world in a heartbeat.
39
But we may be in the process of changing this.
40
We're building machines that could be better at the very thing that gave us the power to conquer the planet.
41
Humanity's final invention.
42
Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence, or AI, is software that performs mental tasks with a computer.
43
Code that uses silicon instead of neurons to solve problems.
44
In the beginning, AI was very simple.
45
Lines of code on paper, mere proofs of concept to demonstrate how machines could perform mental tasks.
46
Only in the 1960s did we start seeing the first examples of what we would recognize as AI.
47
A chatbot in 1964, a program to sort through molecules in 1965.
48
Slow, specialized systems requiring experts to use them.
49
Their intelligence was extremely narrow, built for a single task inside a controlled environment.
50
The equivalent of flatworms 500 million years ago doing the minimum amount of mental work.
51
Progress in AI research paused several times when researchers lost hope in the technology.
52
But just like changing environments create new niches for life, the world around AI changed.
53
Between 1950 and 2000, computers got a billion times faster while programming became easier and widespread.
54
In 1972, AI could navigate a room.
55
In 1989, it could read handwritten numbers.
56
But it remained a fancy tool, no match for humans.
57
Until in 1997, an AI shocked the world by beating the world champion in chess, proving that we could build machines that could surpass us.
58
But we calmed ourselves because a A chess bot is quite stupid.
59
Not a flatworm, but maybe a bee, only able to perform a specialized narrow task.
60
But within this narrow task, it's so good that no human will ever again beat AI at chess.
61
As computers continued to improve, AI became a powerful tool for more and more tasks.
62
In 2004 it drove a robot on Mars.
63
In 2011 it began recommending YouTube videos to you.
64
But this was only possible because humans broke down problems into easy to digest chunks that computers could solve quickly.
65
Until we taught AIs to teach themselves.
66
Rise of the self-learning machines.
67
This is not a technical video, so we're massively oversimplifying here.
68
In a nutshell, the sheer power of supercomputers was combined with the almost endless
69
data collected in the information age to make a new generation of AI.
70
AI experts began drastically improving forms of AI software called neural networks,
71
enormously huge networks of artificial neurons that start out being bad at their tasks.
72
They then used machine learning, which is an umbrella term for many different training techniques
73
and environments that allows algorithms to write their own code and improve themselves.
74
The scary thing is that we don't exactly know how they do it and what happens inside them,
75
It's just that it works and that what comes out the other end is a new type of AI.
76
A capable black box of code.
77
These new AIs could master complex skills extremely quickly with much less human help.
78
They were still narrow intelligences, but a huge step up.
79
In 2014, Facebook AI could identify faces with 97% accuracy.
80
In 2016, an AI beat the best humans in the incredibly complex game of Go.
81
In 2018, a self-learning AI learned chess in four hours just by playing against itself, and then defeated the best specialized chess bot.
82
Since then, machine learning has been applied to reading, image processing, solving tests and much more.
83
Many of these AIs are already better than humans for whatever narrow task they were trained, but they still remained a simple tool.
84
AI still didn't seem that big of a deal for most people.
85
Then came the chatbot ChatGPT.
86
The work that went into it is massive.
87
It trained on nearly everything written on the internet to learn how to handle language, which it now does better than most people.
88
It can summarize, translate and help with some maths problems.
89
It's incredibly more broad than any other system just a few years ago, not crushing any single benchmark, but all of them at once.
90
Many large tech companies are spending billions to build powerful competitors.
91
AI is already transforming customer service, banking, healthcare, marketing, copywriting, creative spaces and more.
92
AI-generated content has already taken hold of social media, YouTube and news websites.
93
Elections are expected to be inundated by propaganda and misinformation.
94
No one is sure how much good or harm can come from adopting AI everywhere.
95
Change is scary.
96
There will be winners and losers.
97
One of the biggest questions governments and corporations have now is how to manage the transition to an AI-boosted economy.
98
All these potential gains or risks are just the result of today's AI.
99
ChatGPT's intelligence is a major step up, but it remains narrow.
100
While it can write a great essay in seconds, it doesn't understand what it's writing.
101
But what if the AIs stopped being narrow?
102
General AI What makes humans different from current AI is our general intelligence.
103
Humans can technically absorb any piece of knowledge and start working on any problem.
104
We're great at many very different skills and tasks, from playing chess to writing or solving science puzzles.
105
Not equally, of course.
106
Some of us are experts in some fields and beginners in others, but we can technically do all of them.
107
In the past, AI was narrow and able to become good at one skill, but was rather bad in all the others.
108
Simply by building faster computers and pouring more money into AI training will get us new, more powerful generations of AI.
109
But what if the next step for AI is to become a general intelligence like us?
110
An AGI.
111
If the AI improvement process continues as it has been, it's not unlikely that AGI could be better in most or even all skills that humans can do.
112
We don't know how to build AGI, how it will work, or what it will be able to do.
113
Since narrow AIs today are capable of mastering one mental task quickly, AGI might be able to do the same with all mental tasks.
114
So even if it starts out stupid, an AGI might be able to become as smart and capable as a human.
115
While this sounds like science fiction, most AI researchers think this will happen sometime this century, maybe already in a few years.
116
Humanity is not ready for what will happen next, not socially, not economically, not morally.
117
Earlier we defined intelligence as the ability to learn, reason, acquire knowledge and skills and use them to solve problems,
118
all things humans excel at.
119
An AGI as intelligent as even an average human would already disrupt modern civilization
120
because they are not bound by the same limitations as we are.
121
Today's These AIs like ChatGPT already think
122
and solve the tasks they were made for at least 10 times faster than even very skilled humans.
123
Maybe HEI will be slower, but it may also be faster, maybe much faster.
124
And since HEIs are software, you could copy them endlessly as long as you have enough storage and run them in parallel.
125
There are 8 million scientists in the world.
126
Now imagine an HEI copied a million times and put to work.
127
One million scientists working 24-7, thinking 10 times faster than humans, without being distracted, only focused on the task they've been given.
128
What if, suddenly, AGI could do all intelligence-based jobs in the world, from interpreting law, to coding, to creating animated YouTube videos,
129
better, faster and much cheaper than humans?
130
Would whoever controls this AGI suddenly own the economy?
131
And thinking bigger, human progress is our intelligence applied to problems.
132
So what could a million AGI's achieve?
133
Solve fundamental questions of science, like dark energy.
134
Invent new technology that gives us limitless energy, fix climate change, cure aging and cancer.
135
But then again, sadly, humans apply their intelligence not just for the benefit of all.
136
What if the AGI's are tasked to guide drones or pull the triggers in war?
137
Or to engineer a virus that only kills people with green eyes?
138
Or to create the most profitable social media so addictive that people starve in front of their screens?
139
The creation of AGI could reasonably be as big of an event as taming fire
140
or electricity and give whoever invents it equally as much power.
141
But now let's go one step further.
142
What if the potential of AGI doesn't stop here?
143
Intelligence Explosion.
144
Intelligence and knowledge build and accelerate each other, but humans are limited by biology and evolution.
145
Once we evolved the right hardware, our software outpaced evolution by orders of magnitude, and within a heartbeat we ruled this planet.
146
But our software basically hasn't changed much since then, which is why we have obesity and destroy the climate for short-term gains.
147
Since AGI is software on a computer, once it's smart enough to do AI research, the rate of AI progress should speed up a lot.
148
And that results in better AI that's better at AI research without much human involvement.
149
It may even be possible that AI could learn how to directly improve itself, in which case some experts fear this feedback loop could be incredibly fast.
150
Maybe just months or years after the first self-improving AGI is switched on.
151
Maybe it would actually take decades.
152
We simply don't know.
153
This is all speculative.
154
But such an intelligence explosion might lead to a true super-intelligent entity.
155
We don't know what such a being would look like, what its motives or goals would be, what would go on in its inner world.
156
We could be as laughably stupid to a super-intelligence as squirrels are to us, unable to even comprehend its way of thinking.
157
This hypothetical scenario keeps many people up at night.
158
Humanity is the only example we have of an animal becoming smarter than all others, and we have not been kind to what we perceive as less intelligent beings.
159
AGI might be the last invention of humanity.
160
It's possible that it could become the most intelligent and therefore most powerful being on Earth.
161
A god in a box that could exercise its power to bring unimaginable wealth and happiness to humans while securing our future.
162
it could subvert civilization and bring about our end, with humanity unable to come up with a way to stop it.
163
We'll look at some of these potential futures in more videos, but for now, let's wrap up.
164
The only thing we know for sure is that today, right now, many of the largest and richest companies in the world are racing to create ever more powerful AIs.
165
Whatever our future is, we are running towards it.
166
Who knows how long we have until we must confront our AI future.
167
Luckily, you still have plenty of time to prepare for it, if you're learning on Brilliant, that is.
168
Brilliant will make you a better thinker and problem solver in just minutes a day,
169
with thousands of bite-sized, hands-on lessons on just about anything you may be curious about, including AI.
170
Their latest course, How LLMs Work, takes you under the hood of real language models models.
171
It demystifies technologies like ChatGPT with interactive lessons on everything from how models build vocabulary to how they choose their next word.
172
You'll learn how to tune LLMs to produce output with exactly your desired tonality, whether it's poetry or a cover letter.
173
And you'll understand why training is really everything by comparing models trained on Taylor Swift lyrics
174
and the legal speech of Big Tech's terms and conditions.
175
It's an immersive AI workshop allowing you to experience and harness the mechanics of today's most advanced tool.
176
We've also partnered with Brilliant to create a series of lessons to take your scientific knowledge to the next level.
177
These lessons let you further explore the topics in our most popular videos, from rabies and mammalian metabolism to climate science and supernovae.
178
Each lesson on Brilliant is interactive, like a one-on-one version of a Kurzgesagt video.
179
And you can get started whenever, wherever, right from whatever device you'd like.
180
To get hands-on with Kurzgesagt lessons and explore everything Brilliant has to offer, from AI and programming to maths,
181
science and beyond, start your free 30-day trial by signing up at brilliant.org slash nutshell.
182
There's even an extra perk for Kurzgesagt viewers.
183
Anyone signing up through our link will get 20% off an annual membership once their trial ends.
184
Thank you.
הורד אפליקציה
כל מה שאתה צריך כדי לדבר בשטף
הגיית AIציון לכל משפט
תרגול IPAשלוט בכל צליל
אוצר מיליםבנה את מאגר המילים שלך
משחק אוצר מיליםלמד תוך כדי משחק
אותו ערוץ
C1118
Could Humans Evolve Flight?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C14
How Caffeine Works
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C111
You Will Only Like Half of This Video
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C112
Would You Upload Your Mind?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C15
We Traveled Back in Time. Now Physicists Are Angry.
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
Your Brain on Magic Mushrooms
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C136
Why Ebola Keeps Coming Back
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C226
We Made A New Channel!
University StudentsWorking Adults
C121
Queen Ant Clones Another Species
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
3 Reasons Why Nuclear Energy Is Awesome! 3/3
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C118
What Falling in Love Does to You
University StudentsWorking Adults
B26
YOU Own the Moon. And Mars. And Venus.
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
What Is Life? Is Death Real?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1149
How Antidepressants Work
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B238
Your Brain Peaked at Birth
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C173
We Won’t Explore the Galaxy...
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B26
Dozens of Nukes Are Missing. Why? HOW?
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C1153
Something Travels Faster than Light
University StudentsWorking Adults
C14
How to Destroy a Black Hole
University StudentsWorking Adults
C14
Why Beautiful Things Make us Happy – Beauty Explained
University StudentsWorking Adults
FOR YOU
המלץ על סרטון
![Understand AI in 14 minutes – with Anthropic's Chloe Lubinski [ARC 2026]](https://img.youtube.com/vi/aBUniZHgCnE/mqdefault.jpg)
C14
179 משפטים
Understand AI in 14 minutes – with Anthropic's Chloe Lubinski [ARC 2026]
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C14
234 משפטים
Why Did Human Progress Explode 10,000 Years Ago After 300,000 Years of Nothing? (11 Min Explainer)
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
105 משפטים
What If Humanity Became Type 7 Civilization?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B28
96 משפטים
This Is How Geniuses Train Their Mind — IQ Is Not Fixed
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C13
457 משפטים
MIT Explains the 12 Possible Endings for AI
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C14
204 משפטים
The Insane Biology of: The Octopus
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B2142
24 משפטים
Is technology making us lazy and less intelligent? #FOREsight | MOTIVATIONAL BOOKS
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
402 משפטים
Before We Became the Last Humans:The Lost Species That Once Shared Our World|Prehistoric Documentary
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C14
269 משפטים
ENGLISH SPEECH | ELON MUSK & JACK MA: Elon Musk & Jack Ma: Billionaires Debate (English Subtitles)
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C14
76 משפטים
The Limitless AI Lie. The Bubble Is Slowly BURSTING.
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C16
54 משפטים
Did Google just kickstart the intelligence explosion?
American AccentBusiness EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה
שיעור הדיבור הזה ברמה C1 מבוסס על הסרטון “A.I. ‐ Humanity's Final Invention?”. המילים שחוזרות הכי הרבה: intelligence, task, Agi, narrow. בסרטון הזה יש 184 משפטים ו-2575 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 16:42. הדובר מדבר בקצב טבעי של כ-154 מילים בדקה, קרוב לשיחה יומיומית. רק 81% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית, כך שאוצר המילים מאתגר.
אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה
15 המילים המתקדמות ביותר בסרטון, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:
| מילה | הגייה | משמעות |
|---|---|---|
| chess שם עצם | /t͡ʃɛs/ | שַׁחְמָט |
| emerge פועל | /ɪˈmɝd͡ʒ/ | צץ, התגלה |
| invention שם עצם | /ɪnˈvɛnʃən/ | הַמְצָאָה |
| conquer פועל | /ˈkɑŋkɚ/ | כָּבַשׁ |
| civilization שם עצם | /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ | צִיוִילִיזַצְיָה, ציוויליזציה |
| transform פועל | /tɹænsˈfɔɹm/ | לשנות |
| mammal שם עצם | /ˈmæməl/ | יוֹנֵק |
| addictive שם תואר | /əˈdɪktɪv/ | ממכר |
| astronomy שם עצם | /əˈstɹɑ.nə.mi/ | אַסְטְרוֹנוֹמְיָה |
| accelerate פועל | /ɪkˈsɛl.əˌɹeɪt/ | האיץ |
| molecule שם עצם | /ˈmɑ.lɪ.kjul/ | מוֹלֵקוּלָה |
| harness פועל | /ˈhɑɹ.nəs/ | רָתַם |
| navigate פועל | /ˈnæv.ɪ.ɡeɪt/ | נִוֵּט |
| distract פועל | /dɪˈstɹækt/ | הסיח את הדעת |
| digest פועל | /daɪˈd͡ʒɛst/ | עיכל, עִכֵּל |
Phrasal verbs שתשמעו
| מילה | הגייה | משמעות |
|---|---|---|
| come out פועל | /ˌkʌm ˈaʊt/ | יָצָא |
| take off פועל | הֵסִיר, הוֹרִיד |
דקדוק בסרטון הזה
המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:
| מבנה | בסרטון |
|---|---|
| סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה | be understood · was combined · has been applied |
| הווה מושלם (Present perfect) have/has + past participle — פעולה שקרתה בעבר ועדיין יש לה חשיבות או השפעה עכשיו | has been applied · has already taken · has been |
| משפטי זיקה (Relative clauses) who / which + clause — מידע נוסף על אדם או דבר | learning, which is · then, which is |
הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה
הדובר משתמש ב-22 קיצורים וצורות מקוצרות, כמו don't, we're, doesn't. אמרו אותם בצורה הקצרה, כפי שאתם שומעים אותם.
- הצלילים של “th”: hypothetical /ˌhaɪpəˈθɛtɪkəl/, algorithm /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/
- הצלילים של “sh” ו-“zh”: specialize /ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪz/, invention /ɪnˈvɛnʃən/, nutshell /ˈnʌt.ʃɛl/, civilization /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, benchmark /ˈbɛn(t)ʃmɑːk/
- מילים ארוכות — שימו לב להטעמה: civilization /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, interactive /ˌɪn.tɚˈæk.tɪv/, hypothetical /ˌhaɪpəˈθɛtɪkəl/, astronomy /əˈstɹɑ.nə.mi/, accelerate /ɪkˈsɛl.əˌɹeɪt/
צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:
- /w/ — שפתיים מעוגלות, לא /v/: flatworm /ˈflæt.wəɹm/, straightforward /ˌstɹeɪtˈfɔː(ɹ)wə(ɹ)d/
- /æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: chatbot /ˈtʃætbɑt/, flatworm /ˈflæt.wəɹm/, transform /tɹænsˈfɔɹm/, interactive /ˌɪn.tɚˈæk.tɪv/, animate /ˈæn.ə.mət/
- /r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: neuron /ˈn(j)ʊɹɑn/, flatworm /ˈflæt.wəɹm/, heartbeat /ˈhɑɹtˌbit/, neural /ˈnʊɹəl/, researcher /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/
איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה
- הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
- התחילו במהירות 0.75×, תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט, וחזרו למהירות רגילה כשזה מרגיש קל.
- הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו chess, emerge, invention.
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.