Shadowing Practice: Crypto Agility Explained: Protect Data from Quantum Computing Threats - Learn English Speaking with Video

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I want you to remember four words.

If you remember nothing else out of this video than these four, I'll consider it a success.

Here they are.

Harvest now, decrypt later.

What does that mean?

Well, it means the future is coming to steal your data.

Not in some sci -fi movie plot sort of way, but in a very realistic scenario.

It means that you can encrypt all of your sensitive data today, and in the not -too -distant future, it suddenly won't be secret anymore.

If those secrets are time sensitive and won't mean much in a few months or years, then probably you don't need to worry.

But if they do have value going forward, then please listen up as we unpack what those four words mean.

Harvest now, decrypt later.

Okay, let's go back and give some context.

Sensitive data, like an organization's intellectual property or client data, we'll call it personally identifiable information,

or other secrets like that need to be protected from prying eyes.

Only those with a need to know should have access.

So, we use cryptography to protect these secrets.

Plain text like this goes into a crypto algorithm,

and we use a randomly generated key to turn plain text that's readable into ciphertext that is not.

And that ciphertext can then be transmitted over a public network network

or stored in a database without fear that an attacker will be able to read it.

Then when we need to reverse the process for an authorized user, we decrypt the ciphertext and get back to the original message.

Sounds great.

And it all works.

In fact, we rely on this technology every day for all sorts of important personal and business transactions.

Crypto works, though, because there are certain hard mathematical problems built into the algorithms

that we use that even the most powerful supercomputers can't solve in a thousand years.

That's why your secrets are secret.

But a disruptive new technology is on its way

that threatens to upend this arrangement if we aren't careful to prepare for it.

Quantum computers are amazing.

They leverage physical properties that defy conventional logic.

They will literally save lives as we're able to use them to develop more effective drug therapies to treat diseases, and that's really just the beginning.

Put simply, they have the potential to solve in a few hours certain types of problems

that would take many lifetimes to work out on today's classical computers.

Sounds great, right?

Well, one of those hard problems also just happens to be the basis for how our classical crypto works.

In other words, quantum will do great things, but it also has the potential to break all of our existing cryptography.

and that's going to be a problem.

Suddenly the secrets aren't secret anymore.

When will it do this?

Well, nobody really knows for sure.

The consensus in the crypto community seems to be that it will probably be in the next five to ten years, but it could happen tomorrow.

If someone discovers a novel way to use the power of today's quantum systems, then suddenly the whole thing falls.

So don't get too comfortable, because unlike Y2K, this could hit us at any time without warning.

But let's assume that doesn't happen.

Then why bother with this hypothetical now?

Why not just wake you up in a few years when this becomes an actual threat?

Well, because of these words I mentioned at the beginning, harvest now, decrypt later.

In fact, a bad guy could right now make a copy of your encrypted data and just hold on to it.

can't read it, but maybe he sees this as it goes across a network.

Maybe he sees an encrypted database that you have that's a backup and makes a copy of that.

All he has to do is hold on to that and then wait for the future to come to him.

Because in the future you'll be able to use a quantum computer, feed this information in, and be able to read the data,

get back to the plain text that he was actually looking for.

Another way of looking at it is to imagine

if you had a time machine and you could travel into the future

and bring back with you a super powerful quantum system.

Now you would be able to break all the encrypted messages at will.

What would be the impact of such a scenario?

Well, as I mentioned before, sensitive information like intellectual property, PII, things like that, even national secrets would be revealed.

Digital signatures could be forged, electronic records would no longer become reliable, payment systems would be broken,

the security of critical infrastructure like the power grid would be impacted.

A lot of bad stuff would happen, to put it mildly.

The good news is that we have a solution now to this future problem.

In fact, a lot of people have been working on this space for a decade already. In 2024.

That work culminated in the U .S.

National Institute of Standards and Technology, also known as NIST, coming out with four finalist algorithms,

and these four are designed to be quantum -safe cryptography, or also known as post -quantum cryptography.

And the experts believe that these will be resistant to cracking by future quantum computers.

While IBM has been working hard to bring the benefits of quantum computing to the world, We're also working hard to mitigate the risk to crypto as

three of those four finalist algorithms actually had IBM contributors working on them.

And we hired a person who worked on the fourth.

So we have people who understand this space.

And we've also contributed these algorithms to the open source community

so that everyone can benefit from these and use these to make our systems safe.

But that's not the end of the story.

In order for there to be a happy ending, you have to actually implement these new standards in your systems.

That's not going to be easy since some organizations have literally thousands of applications

that leverage cryptography that will need to be updated.

In order to do this, you're going to need people,

process, and technology all working together to transform to this post -quantum era.

And because of the harvest now decrypt later situation I mentioned before, you need to actually start on this, well, yesterday.

So remember that time machine that I mentioned?

That's going to come in handy because all you have to do is build one of those, go back in time, re -encrypt all your data with these new algorithms, and you're set.

Well, okay, until the time machine technology is perfected, here's what you actually can do now.

The goal here is this thing we call crypto agility.

In other words, I want to future -proof my cryptographic implementations.

So that if we have to make changes again in the future, I don't have a brittle system that I have to go back and do all this pain again with.

That I can just snap something else in and continue going.

And we're going to need some tools in order to get there.

Oh, and the great thing here that I need to underscore is

that you don't need a quantum computer to use quantum cryptography.

All the tools and algorithms that will make you quantum safe run on today's classical computers.

So, we'll take that technology, and what we then need to do is apply these steps.

Discover, manage, and remediate.

So let's start with the discovery part of this.

And NIST gives us some guidance.

They have said organizations should create a cryptographic inventory that offers visibility into how the organization leverages cryptography.

That sounds like sound advice to me.

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So what that means is if I'm going to create that inventory, I need a way to find it.

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And if you try to do it manually, I guarantee you'll miss some.

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So what you want to do is have a system that has some automated scanning capability, where it goes and looks across your source code,

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it looks across the network, and it looks for all implementations of cryptography in your environment.

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There was one major bank that when they did this type of exercise,

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they found that they had more than 4 ,000 applications with cryptography built into them.

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That's a lot.

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Stop and think for just a second.

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If they did a conversion, a migration of every one of those, let's say they could do one a day, that actually would be pretty aggressive.

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If they did one a day, how long is it going to take them to get to full blown crypto agility and crypto safe, quantum safe?

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The number is more than 10 years.

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So this is why, again, the problem is a now problem that we have to start working on.

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We can't wait for the future on this.

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And then once you've done that, another thing you want to take a look at is if I know where all of this stuff is, I want to find out where the vulnerable crypto is.

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Probably it's most of it today, but I'm going to create that list and catalog what kinds of algorithms are being used in each one of these cases.

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And then ultimately the goal is to create this thing, a C -bomb, a cryptographic bill of materials.

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That's where we're going to have this whole list that we've now discovered.

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And now with that, we can move into the next step.

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The next step involves managing all of this.

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And with the management, I'm going to start with policy.

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So I need to spell out as an organization, in other words, define what is our crypto policy.

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What What levels of strength do we need?

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What kinds of things need to be encrypted?

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What kinds of things need to be done?

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That sort of thing.

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And I want to be able to do some enforcement of whatever that policy is.

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Ultimately, this is a massive project.

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Again if we're talking 4 ,000 implementations and yours might be smaller but it's still going to be a large project, I need to also figure out what are the priorities.

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I need to prioritize each one of these, and then once I've picked out, because since I can't do all of them at once, pick the ones that are the most impactful,

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that have the most sensitive information in them, and then go after those.

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Then I need to track the results of all of this.

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This is a massive multi -year project.

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I need to see where I am, in fact, on this journey, because it is, in fact, going to be a journey.

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Then we start moving into the remediation phase.

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This is where we're going to start moving from our classical crypto into the quantum safe crypto or the post quantum

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post quantum crypto PQC That's the stuff that we ultimately are trying to get to Well,

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if I can't convert all of these things in an instant I can't just snap my fingers and make it happen.

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What could I do in order to get there?

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Well one thing that would give some level of protection today would be to use a proxy

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crypto proxy that sits in and does some of this conversion for me.

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Now here's how it would work.

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Let's say we have a user who out here is on a browser and their browser, let's say it's already been updated to be crypto safe.

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It's using one of these new algorithms, but our back -end legacy app over here has not.

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In fact, we might be afraid to even crack this thing open

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because we don't know how many lines of code are in there

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and they were written a million years ago and all that kind of thing.

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But we can't afford, this has got keys to the kingdom, we can't afford just to have it vulnerable.

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So what I could do is stand up a proxy in the middle.

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This proxy would be communicating, it understands the quantum safe crypto algorithms.

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So it's doing quantum safe crypto between the browser and the proxy,

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and then the proxy continues with the normal classical algorithms back to the backend application.

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So that way, we at least encrypt, if this is the part that's over the public network, we at least have strengthened that part without having to make changes to the back end.

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And this part all maintains within our very private network where the risk is lower.

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So that's an important capability that allows us to move at least

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while we're in the migration phase and be able to tolerate and work with these new algorithms.

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Another thing that we're going to want to do is test the performance.

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So, these algorithms, we believe, are going to be highly performant, but it all depends on the individual implementation that you're using.

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And if you have a poor implementation, well, you might end up in a mess.

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So what we need to be able to do is make sure we have something that works well.

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And you want to be able to test and make sure that those things work.

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You can't go back in time to prevent past cases of harvesting of your encrypted data,

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But you can start now on the path to crypto agility with the right people process

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and technology You can mitigate the risk of harvest now decrypt later at least until you build that time machine

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אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה

שיעור הדיבור הזה ברמה C1 מבוסס על הסרטון “Crypto Agility Explained: Protect Data from Quantum Computing Threats”. המילים שחוזרות הכי הרבה: quantum, crypto, algorithm, cryptography, secret. בסרטון הזה יש 162 משפטים ו-2278 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 12:55. הדובר מדבר בקצב טבעי של כ-176 מילים בדקה, קרוב לשיחה יומיומית. 85% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית; כדאי ללמוד את השאר לפני שמתחילים.

אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה

15 המילים המתקדמות ביותר בסרטון, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:

מילה	הגייה	משמעות
quantum שם עצם	/ˈkwɑntəm/	קְוַנְט
algorithm שם עצם	/ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/	אַלגוֹרִיתְם
encrypt פועל	/ɪnˈkɹɪpt/	הצפין
proxy שם עצם	/ˈpɹɑk.si/	שָׁלִיחַ
harvest שם עצם	/ˈhɑɹ.vəst/	קְצִירָה, אָסִיף
leverage שם עצם	/ˈlɛv.(ə.)ɹɪd͡ʒ/	הנפה
finalist שם עצם		פַיְנָלִיסְט
authorize פועל	/ˈɔθəɹaɪz/	הסמיך
contributor שם עצם	/kənˈtɹɪb.jə.tɚ/	תורם, תורמת
tolerate פועל	/ˈtɑ.lə.ɹeɪt/	סָבַל
catalogue שם עצם	/ˈkæt.əˌlɔɡ/	קָטָלוֹג
threaten פועל	/ˈθɹɛt.n̩/	איים
transform פועל	/tɹænsˈfɔɹm/	לשנות
strengthen פועל	/ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/	חִזֵּק
mathematical שם תואר	/ˌmæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪ.kəl/	מָתֵמָטִי

Phrasal verbs שתשמעו

מילה	משמעות
figure out פועל	הֵבִין, מצא תשובה
stand up פועל	קָם

משפטים שכדאי לחזור עליהם

משפטים קצרים ושלמים מהסרטון שאפשר להשתמש בהם בשיחה יומיומית:

That's why your secrets are secret.
We can't wait for the future on this.
What could I do in order to get there?

דקדוק בסרטון הזה

המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:

מבנה	בסרטון
הווה מושלם ממושך (Present perfect continuous) have/has been + -ing — פעולה שהתחילה בעבר ועדיין נמשכת עכשיו	have been working · has been working
סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה	be protected · be transmitted · would be revealed
הווה מושלם (Present perfect) have/has + past participle — פעולה שקרתה בעבר ועדיין יש לה חשיבות או השפעה עכשיו	we've also contributed · have said · you've done
משפטי זיקה (Relative clauses) who / which + clause — מידע נוסף על אדם או דבר	person who worked · people who understand · ones that are

הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה

הדובר משתמש ב-42 קיצורים וצורות מקוצרות, כמו can't, we're, don't. אמרו אותם בצורה הקצרה, כפי שאתם שומעים אותם.

הצלילים של “th”: algorithm /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/, authorize /ˈɔθəɹaɪz/, hypothetical /ˌhaɪpəˈθɛtɪkəl/, threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/, strengthen /ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/
מילים ארוכות — שימו לב להטעמה: cryptography /kɹɪpˈtɒɡ.ɹə.fi/, agility /əˈd͡ʒɪl.ɪ.ti/, capability /ˌkeɪ.pəˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/, prioritize /pɹaɪˈɒɹ.ə.taɪz/, remediation /rɪˌmiːdiˈeɪʃn/

צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:

/æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: algorithm /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/, impactful /ˈɪmpæktfəl/, unpack /ʌnˈpæk/, attacker /əˈtækɚ/, transmit /tɹænsˈmɪt/
/r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: crypto /ˈkɹɪptoʊ/, algorithm /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/, cryptography /kɹɪpˈtɒɡ.ɹə.fi/, encrypt /ɪnˈkɹɪpt/, decrypt /dɪˈkɹɪpt/
עיצור קולי בסוף מילה — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ בלי להפוך אותם לאטומים: leverage /ˈlɛv.(ə.)ɹɪd͡ʒ/, authorize /ˈɔθəɹaɪz/, disruptive /dɪsˈɹʌptɪv/, prioritize /pɹaɪˈɒɹ.ə.taɪz/, forge /fɔɹd͡ʒ/

איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה

הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
התחילו במהירות 0.75×, תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט, וחזרו למהירות רגילה כשזה מרגיש קל.
הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו quantum, algorithm, encrypt.

מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?

שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.

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Shadowing Practice: Crypto Agility Explained: Protect Data from Quantum Computing Threats - Learn English Speaking with Video

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