Shadowing Practice: What's next for mainframes and AI? - Learn English Speaking with Video
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A trillion web transactions daily.
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More than 300 billion inference requests in a single day.
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A million plus transactions in a second.
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The modern mainframe can handle all that and more with ease.
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Welcome to AI Academy.
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I'm Lou Folia, a writer and journalist.
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And I'm here with Christian Jacoby, IBM Fellow and CTL of Systems Development at IBM.
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On average, Visa processes around 8 ,500 global transactions every second.
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A mainframe which can handle one million transactions per second would be able to process more than 100 times Visa's volume.
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So, Christian, to you, what makes the mainframe remarkable?
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And what makes them key to AI's next big breakthrough?
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Is it the hardware?
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Is it the software?
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Is it somewhere in between?
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It's really the hardware and the software together.
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When we design the next generation of the mainframe, we're enhancing the performance, the scalability, availability features.
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But we're doing this in conjunction as a hardware team.
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We're working closely with the firmware team and software team to make sure
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that we end up with a stack optimized end -to -end solution that clients can use to run their workloads.
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IBM has been thinking about AI on mainframes for a long time now, right?
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This isn't something we've recently come to.
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Ten years at least.
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And the IBM Telum processor includes an on -chip AI accelerator.
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Why is that important, having the accelerator on chip?
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And how does it enhance AI performance?
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Yeah, as you're running workloads on the processor, of course, a lot of the data resides within the chip.
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And within the chip, we can communicate between different components of the chip, literally in nanoseconds, right?
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Nanoseconds is a tiny sliver of time, of course.
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Versus if you go off -chip and go to a separate card, you're talking microseconds.
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And if you go to a different system, you might be talking milliseconds, right?
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And so by putting AI acceleration directly onto the processor chip, we could achieve the lowest possible latency for some of those traditional models.
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And then now with the Spire acceleration card that goes into the IO subsystem,
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we can run generative AI also with very low latency without needing to cross system boundaries and go into a separate system.
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It matters how big that slice of the second is.
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It matters big time.
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Absolutely.
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When you're running millions of transactions every second
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and the latency requirements from a business perspective is that transactions need to finish within a handful of milliseconds,
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then you really don't want to waste milliseconds and traveling the data between here and some other system for AI inferencing.
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Let's drill in on that a little bit.
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So what makes mainframes so pivotal for AI?
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Their hardware capabilities, their software capabilities, What is it that sort of makes it perfectly suited for AI?
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Yeah, so clients are running mission -critical central workloads for their corporations.
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They run the central ledger of a bank or they run insurance claims processing on mainframes.
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That's where a lot of the data resides.
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That's where the transactions get processed.
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And of course, you can use AI to increase the sort of business value
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of each transaction by checking for fraud on an insurance claim
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or on a banking transaction and being able to integrate that directly into the workload, detect fraud, for example,
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in the instant of time where the transaction is getting processed is of huge value to clients compared to,
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for example, doing it in a cloud a few minutes or an hour after the transaction has already completed.
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By doing it directly in the mainframe box itself, you cut out all that latency and that's how you get to the milliseconds of latency for, for example, fraud detection.
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You already have all the data, all the transaction processing happening in the mainframe system by doing the AI directly in the processor for traditional models
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or in the I .O subsystem on a Spire accelerator for generative models.
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You can maintain low latency, get the good throughput and performance that the mainframe is known for,
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but also preserve the security capabilities by not needing to send the data to a separate system.
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When you're sending the data out into the world, it's slowing things down and it's creating security risk.
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Correct.
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Exactly.
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You're sending it somewhere else that inherently takes time and you're moving the data out of the highly secure mainframe environment.
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So now it gets exposed to different attack surfaces that hackers could exploit.
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What should organizations consider when choosing AI -ready infrastructure?
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And how do mainframes address those needs better than other platforms?
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When clients embark on AI journeys in the context of the mission -critical workloads, We often talk to them about the readiness of the data,
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the readiness of the models.
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Do they have the capabilities in the data science departments to kind of train their own data into the models
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that they will be using?
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And then also look at, you know, what latency requirements do you have?
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What throughput requirements?
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How many inferences per second do you need to run in that workload?
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And by working with clients through those considerations early on,
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we can make sure that clients are actually successful in deploying AI solutions, not just developing them, and then kind of getting surprised about how hard it is to scale them to actual deployment.
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So we're in a room that has seen a lot of mainframe history.
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You spent the bulk of your career working on mainframes.
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What excites you about the future of mainframes?
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We've been already developing the next generation and the generation after that.
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We're always working on three mainframe generations at the same time.
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So it's your job to think about what the future's going to look like and build a machine that serves it.
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And that's exciting and a lot of fun.
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Could you talk a little bit about some of the use cases that may have surprised you?
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Yeah, I'll give you an example.
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There's one client who's actually using mainframes to analyze imagery of seagrass, satellite images.
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Like seagrass, like on the beach seagrass?
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Yes, yeah.
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And they see beach grass dying in certain areas, and they use that information
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that they obtained from the AI models to then do ecological measures to protect more of the seagrass.
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So when you start designing something, and then you see where it goes, like protecting seagrass, like how cool is that for you to see the expanse?
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That is super exciting.
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Like we have, when we design the hardware and the software, we have use cases in mind that we're optimizing for.
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And then once it's in the hands of our customers, their innovation starts and how they can use all these capabilities for use cases we would have never imagined.
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And that is one of the most fascinating parts to see how this sometimes evolves.
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Yeah, totally.
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So that's the future.
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But even today, just think about it.
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Every time you pay using a credit card, withdraw cash from an ATM, make reservations with any airline,
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file your taxes or access your medical records or basically do a thousand other things, it's likely you are being served by a mainframe.
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Now, imagine a day without mainframes.
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Mainframes are without a doubt integral to enterprise IT.
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And today, with new integrations and enhancements, they are redefining their role in modern IT.
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So, to answer the question we started with, what makes the mainframe unique?
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It's the hardware and the software and everything in between.
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It's how the end -to -end stack is optimized from the Silicon App for mission -critical workloads.
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And I think that we could both agree that that's what makes the mainframe so remarkable.
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And that's what makes it great for AI.
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אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה
שיעור הדיבור הזה ברמה C1 מבוסס על הסרטון “What's next for mainframes and AI?”. המילים שחוזרות הכי הרבה: mainframe, transaction, latency, workload, chip. בסרטון הזה יש 104 משפטים ו-1305 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 7:15. הדובר מדבר מהר, כ-180 מילים בדקה, אז צפו לצלילים מחוברים ומקוצרים. רק 79% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית, כך שאוצר המילים מאתגר. 23 מתוך 104 המשפטים שלו הם שאלות, כך שזה תרגול טוב לאינטונציה של שאלות ולתשובות קצרות.
אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה
15 המילים המתקדמות ביותר בסרטון, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:
| מילה | הגייה | משמעות |
|---|---|---|
| excite פועל | /ɪkˈsaɪt/ | הלהיב, עורר |
| readiness שם עצם | /ˈɹɛdinəs/ | מוּכָנוּת |
| reside פועל | /ɹɪˈzaɪd/ | גָּר |
| acceleration שם עצם | /əkˌsɛl.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ | האצה |
| stack שם עצם | /stæk/ | ערמה |
| firmware שם עצם | קושחה | |
| microsecond שם עצם | מיקרושניה | |
| ecological שם תואר | /ˌiːkəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkl̩/ | אֶקוֹלוֹגִי |
| breakthrough שם עצם | /ˈbɹeɪk.θɹuː/ | פריצת־דרך |
| conjunction שם עצם | /kənˈd͡ʒʌŋk.ʃn̩/ | מִלַּת קִשּׁוּר |
| integral שם תואר | /ˈɪntəɡɹəl/ | אִינְטֶגְרָלִי |
| slice שם עצם | /slaɪs/ | פְּרוּסָה, נֵתַח |
| airline שם עצם | /ˈɛɹˌlaɪn/ | חֶבְרַת תְּעוּפָה |
| detect פועל | /dɪˈtɛkt/ | גילה, זיהה |
| drill שם עצם | /dɹɪl/ | מקדחה |
משפטים שכדאי לחזור עליהם
משפטים קצרים ושלמים מהסרטון שאפשר להשתמש בהם בשיחה יומיומית:
- This isn't something we've recently come to.
- Let's drill in on that a little bit.
- What excites you about the future of mainframes?
דקדוק בסרטון הזה
המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:
| מבנה | בסרטון |
|---|---|
| הווה מושלם (Present perfect) have/has + past participle — פעולה שקרתה בעבר ועדיין יש לה חשיבות או השפעה עכשיו | we've recently come · has already completed · has seen |
| סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה | is known · being served · is optimized |
הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה
הדובר משתמש ב-19 קיצורים וצורות מקוצרות, כמו we're, you're, I'm. אמרו אותם בצורה הקצרה, כפי שאתם שומעים אותם.
- הצלילים של “th”: throughput /ˈθɹuː.pʊt/, breakthrough /ˈbɹeɪk.θɹuː/, withdraw /wɪðˈdɹɔ/
- הצלילים של “sh” ו-“zh”: acceleration /əkˌsɛl.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, conjunction /kənˈd͡ʒʌŋk.ʃn̩/, reservation /ˌɹɛz.ɚˈveɪ.ʃən/, detection /dɪˈtɛk.ʃən/
- מילים ארוכות — שימו לב להטעמה: capability /ˌkeɪ.pəˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/, millisecond /ˈmɪlɪˌsɛkənd/, accelerator /əkˈsɛl.əˌɹeɪ.tɚ/, generative /ˈd͡ʒɛnəɹətɪv/, acceleration /əkˌsɛl.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/
צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:
- /æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: seagrass /ˈsiˌɡɹæs/, enhance /ɪnˈhæns/, stack /stæk/, expanse /ɪkˈspæns/, fascinate /ˈfæsɪneɪt/
- /r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: mainframe /ˈmeɪnˌfɹeɪm/, seagrass /ˈsiˌɡɹæs/, processor /ˈpɹɑˌsɛsɚ/, accelerator /əkˈsɛl.əˌɹeɪ.tɚ/, generative /ˈd͡ʒɛnəɹətɪv/
- עיצור קולי בסוף מילה — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ בלי להפוך אותם לאטומים: millisecond /ˈmɪlɪˌsɛkənd/, optimize /ˈɑptɪmaɪz/, generative /ˈd͡ʒɛnəɹətɪv/, reside /ɹɪˈzaɪd/, evolve /ɪˈvɑlv/
איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה
- הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
- התחילו במהירות 0.75×, תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט, וחזרו למהירות רגילה כשזה מרגיש קל.
- הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו excite, readiness, reside.
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.