Shadowing Practice: How Fossilization Works ๐Ÿค” - Learn English Speaking with Video

ื‘ื—ืจ ืžืฆื‘ ืชืจื’ื•ืœ

ื›ืœ ืžืฆื‘ ืคื•ืชื— ื—ื“ืจ ืชืจื’ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืกืš ืžืœื.

7 ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื
ืื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืื• ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ืžื“ื™, ืœื—ืฅ ืขืœ ืขืจื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืื•ืชื.
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When an animal dies and is rapidly buried underneath the ground,
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it eventually gets so deep that the oxygen in the air is prevented from reaching it.
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This significantly slows the decay of the animal,
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and over a long period of time,
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special minerals from the earth seep into the animal's body and gradually replace its organic material cell by cell.
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This process slowly changes it into stone,
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which is how some fossils are formed.

ื”ื•ืจื“ ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื”

ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื˜ืฃ

ื”ื’ื™ื™ืช AIืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ืžืฉืคื˜
ืชืจื’ื•ืœ IPAืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฆืœื™ืœ
ืื•ืฆืจ ืžื™ืœื™ืื‘ื ื” ืืช ืžืื’ืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœืš
ืžืฉื—ืง ืื•ืฆืจ ืžื™ืœื™ืืœืžื“ ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืžืฉื—ืง
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ืื•ืฆืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ื™ื” ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืจืžื” C1 ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ โ€œHow Fossilization Works ๐Ÿค”โ€. ื‘ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื™ืฉ 7 ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื•-75 ืžื™ืœื™ื ืœืชืจื’ื•ืœ Shadowing. ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื ืžืฉืš 0:30.

ืื•ืฆืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”

8 ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ, ืขื ื”ื”ื’ื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ:

ืžื™ืœื”ื”ื’ื™ื™ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช
organic ืฉื ืชื•ืืจ/ษ”หหˆษกรฆnษชk/ืื•ึนืจึฐื’ึธึผื ึดื™
oxygen ืฉื ืขืฆื/หˆษ‘ksษชdอกส’ษ™n/ื—ึทืžึฐืฆึธืŸ
mineral ืฉื ืขืฆื/หˆmษชn.ษ™.ษนษ™l/ืžึดื™ื ึถืจึธืœ, ืžึทื—ึฐืฆึธื‘
fossil ืฉื ืขืฆื/หˆfษ‘slฬฉ/ืžึฐืื•ึผื‘ึธึผืŸ, ืžึฐืึปื‘ึธึผืŸ
bury ืคื•ืขืœ/หˆbษ›ษนi/ืงึธื‘ึทืจ
decay ืฉื ืขืฆื/diหˆkeษช/ื“ืขื™ื›ื”
slowly ืชื•ืืจ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ/หˆsloสŠli/ืœืื˜
replace ืคื•ืขืœ/ษนษชหˆpleษชs/ื”ึถื—ึฐืœึดื™ืฃ

ื“ืงื“ื•ืง ื‘ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”

ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื”, ืขื ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื•ืช ืžื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ:

ืžื‘ื ื”ื‘ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ
ืกื‘ื™ืœ (Passive voice) be + past participle โ€” ื”ื“ื’ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื”, ืœื ืขืœ ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื”is rapidly buried ยท is prevented ยท are formed

ื”ื’ื™ื™ื” ืฉืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืืœื™ื”

ืฆืœื™ืœื™ื ืฉื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืžืชืงืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื:

  • /รฆ/ โ€” ืคืชื•ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”-โ€œืึถโ€ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ืœื ื›ืžื• โ€œaโ€ ื‘-โ€œcupโ€: organic /ษ”หหˆษกรฆnษชk/, rapidly /หˆษนรฆpษชdli/, gradually /หˆษกษนรฆdอกส’uษ™li/
  • /r/ โ€” ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืœื ื ื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื, ืœื ื”-โ€œืจโ€ ื”ื’ืจื•ื ื™ืช: rapidly /หˆษนรฆpษชdli/, gradually /หˆษกษนรฆdอกส’uษ™li/, mineral /หˆmษชn.ษ™.ษนษ™l/, bury /หˆbษ›ษนi/, replace /ษนษชหˆpleษชs/

ืื™ืš ืœืชืจื’ืœ ืขื ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”

  1. ื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ื• ืœื›ืœ ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ืจืฉืžื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืืชื ืœื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื.
  2. ืชืจื’ืœื• Shadowing ืžืฉืคื˜ ืื—ืจ ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื”, ื•ื—ื–ืจื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžืฉืคื˜ ืขื“ ืฉื”ืงืฆื‘ ืฉืœื›ื ืชื•ืื ืืช ื”ื“ื•ื‘ืจ.
  3. ื”ืงืœื™ื˜ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ื•ื”ืฉื•ื• ืœืžืงื•ืจ, ืชื•ืš ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืœืžื™ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• organic, oxygen, mineral.

ืžื”ื™ ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงืช ื”ืฉืื“ื•ืื™ื ื’?

ืฉืื“ื•ืื™ื ื’ ื”ื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงืช ืœืžื™ื“ืช ืฉืคื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืžื“ืข ืฉืคื•ืชื—ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื”ื›ืฉืจืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื ื™ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ื•ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื’ืœื•ื˜ ื“"ืจ ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ืืจื’ื•ืืœืก. ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืืš ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ืช: ืืชื” ืžืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœืื•ื“ื™ื• ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ืช ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืจื ืžื™ื“ โ€” ื›ืžื• ืฆืœ ื”ืขื•ืงื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขื ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ 1โ€“2 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื”ืื–ื ื” ืคืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ืื• ืชืจื’ื™ืœื™ ื“ืงื“ื•ืง, ืฉืื“ื•ืื™ื ื’ ืžื›ืจื™ื— ืืช ื”ืžื•ื— ื•ื”ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืคื” ืœืขื‘ื“ ื•ืœืฉื—ื–ืจ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืจืื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืžืฉืคืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืืช ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื”ื’ื™ื™ื”, ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื•ื ืฆื™ื”, ื”ืงืฆื‘, ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ, ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ืขื” ื•ืฉื˜ืฃ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ โ€” ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืื—ืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื›ื ื” ืœIELTS Speaking ื•ืœืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™.

ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงืช Shadowing: ืงืจื ืืช ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ืžืœื ืฉืœื‘ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœื‘ โ†’