Shadowing Practice: P2 什么是机器学习【2024公认最好的 | 吴恩达机器学习 | 教程 | Machine Learning Specialization(超爽中英!)】 - Learn English Speaking with Video
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So what is machine learning?
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In this video you learn a definition of what it is
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and also get a sense of when you might want to apply it.
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Let's take a look together.
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Here's the definition of what is machine learning that is attributed to Arthur Samuel.
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He defined machine learning as the field of study that gives computers the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed.
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Salva's claim to fame was that back in the 1950s he wrote a checkers playing program.
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And the amazing thing about this program was that Arthur Samuel himself wasn't a very good checkers player.
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What he did was he had programmed a computer to play maybe tens of thousands of games against himself.
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And by watching what sorts of board positions tended to lead to wins and what positions tended to lead to losses,
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the checkers playing program learned over time what are good or bad board positions.
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By trying to get to good and avoid bad positions, his program learned to get better and better at playing checkers.
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Because the computer had the patience to play tens of thousands of games against itself,
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it was able to get so much checkers playing experience that eventually it became a better checkers player than author Samuel himself.
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Now, throughout these videos, besides me trying to talk about stuff,
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I'll occasionally ask you a question to help make sure you understand the content here's one about what happens
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if the computer had played far fewer games please take a look
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and pick whichever you think is a better answer thanks for looking at the quiz and so
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if you had selected this answer would have made it worse
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then you got it right in general the more opportunities you give a learning algorithm to learn, the better it will perform.
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If you didn't select the correct answer the first time, that's totally okay too.
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The point of these quiz questions isn't to see if you can get them all correct on the first try.
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These questions are here just to help you practice the concepts you're learning.
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Author Samuel's definition was a rather informal one, but in the next two videos, we'll dive deeper together into what are the major types types of machine learning algorithms.
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In this class, you learn about many different learning algorithms.
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The two main types of machine learning are supervised learning and unsupervised learning.
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We'll define what these terms mean more in the next couple videos.
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Of these two, supervised learning is the type of machine learning that is used most in many real -world applications,
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and that has seen the most rapid advancement and innovation.
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In this specialization, which has three causes in total, the first and second causes will focus on supervised learning,
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and the third will focus on unsupervised learning.
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You might have also heard of reinforcement learning.
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This is another type of machine learning algorithm that I'll talk about briefly,
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but by far the two most used types of learning algorithms today are supervised learning and unsupervised learning.
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That's why we'll spend most of this class talking about them.
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The other thing we're going to spend a lot of time on in this specialization is practical advice for applying learning algorithms.
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This is something I feel pretty strongly about.
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Teaching about learning algorithms is like giving someone a set of tools
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and equally important
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or even more importance than making sure you have great tools is making sure you know how to apply them
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because you know what good is it
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if someone were to give you a state -of -the -art hammer
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or a state -of -the -art hand drill
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and say good luck now you have all the tools you
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need to build a three -story house It doesn't really work like that.
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And so too in machine learning, making sure you have the tools is really important.
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And so it's making sure that you know how to apply the tools of machine learning effectively.
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So that's what you get in this class, the tools as well as the skills in applying them effectively.
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I regularly visit with friends and teams in some of the top tech companies.
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And even today, I see experienced machine learning teams apply machine learning algorithms to some problems.
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And sometimes they've been going at it for six months without much success.
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And when I look at what they're doing, I sometimes feel like I could have told them six months ago that the current approach won't work.
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And there's a different way of using these tools that will give them a much better chance of success.
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So in this class, one of the relatively unique things you learn is you learn
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a lot about the best practices for how to actually develop a practical, valuable machine learning system.
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This way, you're less likely to end up in one of those teams
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that end up losing six months going in the wrong direction.
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In this class, you gain a sense of how the most skilled machine learning engineers build systems,
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and I hope you finish this class as one of those very rare people in today's world
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that know how to design and build serious machine learning systems.
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So that's machine learning.
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In the next video, let's look more deeply at what is supervised learning and also what is unsupervised learning.
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In addition, you learn when you might want to use each of them, supervised and unsupervised learning.
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I'll see you in the next video.
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Vocabulary and speaking notes for this lesson
This video has 64 sentences and 927 words to shadow. The speech runs for 5:36. The speaker talks at a natural 166 words per minute, close to everyday conversation. 88% of the words are among the 3,000 most common in English; the rest is worth studying before you start.
Key vocabulary in this video
15 words from the video worth learning, with pronunciation and meaning:
| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| algorithm noun | /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/ | A collection of ordered steps that solve a mathematical problem. A precise step-by-step plan for a computational procedure that possibly begins with an input… |
| practical adjective | /ˈpɹæk.tɪ.kəl/ | Relating to, or based on, practice or action rather than theory or hypothesis. |
| select verb | /sɪˈlɛkt/ | To choose one or more elements of a set, especially a set of options. |
| skill noun | /skɪl/ | A capacity to do something well; a technique, an ability, usually acquired or learned, as opposed to abilities that are regarded as innate. |
| define verb | /dɪˈfaɪn/ | To determine with precision; to mark out with distinctness; to ascertain or exhibit clearly. |
| quiz noun | /kwɪz/ | A competition in the answering of questions. |
| strongly adverb | /ˈstɹɔŋli/ | In a strong or powerful manner. |
| deeply adverb | /ˈdi(ː)pli/ | To a deep extent or degree; very greatly. |
| equally adverb | /ˈiːkwəli/ | In an equal manner; in equal shares or proportion; with equal and impartial justice; evenly |
| occasionally adverb | /əˈkeɪʒənəli/ | On occasion: at relatively infrequent intervals, from time to time, sometimes. |
| rapid adjective | /ˈɹæp.ɪd/ | Very swift or quick. |
| fame noun | /feɪm/ | One's reputation. |
| innovation noun | /ˌɪn.əˈveɪ.ʃən/ | The act of innovating; the introduction of something new, in customs, rites, etc. |
| fewer | /ˈfjuː.ɚ/ | Less; a smaller amount of something non-integral commonly expressed as an integer |
| briefly adverb | /ˈbɹiːfli/ | In a brief manner, summarily. |
Phrasal verbs you will hear
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| end up verb | To bring to a conclusion. |
Pronunciation to watch
The speaker uses 16 contractions and reduced forms, such as I'll, we'll, you're. Say them the short way, as you hear them.
- The “sh” and “zh” sounds: occasionally /əˈkeɪʒənəli/, innovation /ˌɪn.əˈveɪ.ʃən/, patience /ˈpeɪ̯.ʃəns/, specialization [ˌspɛʃəlaɪ̯ˈzeɪ̯ʃn̩]
- Long words — get the stress right: occasionally /əˈkeɪʒənəli/, innovation /ˌɪn.əˈveɪ.ʃən/, specialization [ˌspɛʃəlaɪ̯ˈzeɪ̯ʃn̩], reinforcement /ˌɹiːɪnˈfɔːsmənt/
How to practise with this video
- Listen to the whole video once without speaking and note the words you do not know.
- Start at 0.75× speed, shadow it sentence by sentence, then go back to normal speed once it feels easy.
- Record yourself and compare with the original, paying attention to words like algorithm, practical, select.
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.