Shadowing Practice: The Planets In Our Solar System - Learn English Speaking with Video

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Today, we will explore the planets in our solar system.

Thank you for watching.

Sit back and enjoy.

We will start off with the planet closest to the sun.

Mercury.

Mercury is a terrestrial or rocky planet that orbits just under 58 million kilometers from the Sun, or 36 million miles.

It is the smallest planet in the solar system, with a diameter of just 4,879 kilometers.

That's 3,031 miles.

It is only slightly larger than the Earth's moon, and the two actually look quite similar.

Despite Mercury's small size, it is the second most dense planet in the solar system.

Mercury completes a full orbit around the sun in just 88 days, yet one full day cycle lasts around 58 days here on Earth.

The temperatures on the surface can vary from a whopping 430 degrees Celsius, that's 800 degrees Fahrenheit in the day,

but with the lack of atmosphere to retain that heat,

the temperatures can plummet to minus 180 degrees Celsius or minus 290 degrees Fahrenheit in the night.

The gravity on Mercury is roughly 38% of the gravity here on Earth.

So if you weighed 220 pounds on Earth, you'd only weigh about 84 pounds on Mercury.

As you can see From its craters, Mercury has been battered by various impacts over the years.

Beyond Mercury lies Venus.

Venus is also a terrestrial or rocky type planet and it orbits just over 107 million kilometers from the Sun.

It has a diameter of 12,103 kilometers or 7,520 miles.

Even though Venus is not the closest planet to the Sun, it is surely the hottest,

with surface temperatures that reach nearly 465 degrees Celsius or 900 degrees Fahrenheit.

These temperatures are caused by its thick atmosphere of carbon dioxide with clouds of sulfuric acid.

Venus is covered in a thick layer of clouds which would filter the sunlight and make the surface appear orange.

The surface is also covered in thousands of volcanoes as well as mountains and valleys.

There is a mountain on Venus called Maxwell Montes that is similar to the size of Mount Everest here on Earth.

This completes a rotation around the Sun in 225 days, and due to its slow rotation,

a single day on Venus lasts nearly 243 days here on Earth, which oddly enough is longer than a full year on Venus.

The gravity on Venus is about 90% of Earth's gravity,

so someone who weighed 220 pounds on Earth would weigh about 198 pounds on Venus.

Interestingly enough, it is thought that Venus was once a very different planet, potentially even covered in oceans of liquid water.

But a runaway greenhouse effect occurred, drastically changing the conditions on the surface.

It gives us a reminder here on Earth what can occur when this happens.

Up next is a planet we are all familiar with.

Our home planet, Earth.

The Earth is another terrestrial planet which orbits the sun at a comfortable 149.6 million kilometers or 92.9 million miles.

Far distance from the sun is a large part of what

allows the vast diversity of life we see on Earth to thrive, as well as our atmosphere.

The Earth is the most dense planet in the solar system,

and it measures in at 12,742 km across, or 7,917 miles.

The temperatures can vary depending on the time of year and your location on the planet.

The highest air temperature ever recorded on Earth was 56.7 degrees Celsius or 134.1 degrees Fahrenheit.

Rather fittingly, this temperature was recorded in the Death Valley Desert in Furnace Creek Ranch, California in the United States.

This temperature was recorded in July of 1913.

The lowest temperature ever recorded on Earth was minus 89 degrees Celsius or minus 128 degrees Fahrenheit,

which was recorded at a Soviet weather station in Antarctica in July of 1983.

The Earth completes a trip around the Sun once every 365 days, and its days last just under 24 hours.

The surface has some amazing diversity with vast frozen sections,

molten sections, lush greenery, expansive wetlands,

and brutally dry areas, all of which make up our one and only home.

I just hope we humans can better adapt

and better understand how to preserve and live off the lands in ways that will sustain the life as we know it,

rather than destroying it and depleting it.

Next up is the planet commonly known as the Red Planet, Mars.

Mars is a terrestrial planet

that orbits the sun at an average distance of 228 million kilometers

or 142 million miles and it completes a trip around the Sun in 687 Earth days.

One day on Mars lasts 24.6 hours, very similar to that of the Earth.

The diameter of Mars is 6,779 kilometers or 4,212 miles making it roughly half the size of the Earth.

The surface of Mars is cold and dusty with an average temperature of minus 60 degrees Celsius or minus 80 Fahrenheit.

Although the temperature varies greatly depending on location and the time of year.

Temperatures have reached 20 degrees Celsius or 70 degrees Fahrenheit near the equator.

The gravity on Mars is much lower than that of the Earth.

It is 62% lower so if If you weighed 220 pounds on Earth, you would weigh just 83 pounds on Mars.

Mars is a very interesting planet, sharing many similarities with the Earth.

Do you think humans will ever colonize the planet Mars?

Let me know your thoughts in the comments.

The fifth planet from the Sun is also the largest.

The mighty Jupiter.

Jupiter is a gas giant with a diameter of 139,820 km or 86,880 miles,

making it about 11 times larger than the Earth.

Jupiter orbits at an average distance of 778 million km

or 484 million miles from the Sun and it orbits the Sun only once every 12 years.

Yet a single day on Jupiter lasts just 10 hours on Earth.

Being a gas giant, Jupiter doesn't have a firm surface,

but it has an ocean swirling within of liquid metallic hydrogen and it lies deep beneath the clouds.

This metallic ocean is possible due to the immense atmospheric pressure which keeps the hydrogen in a liquid state.

The temperature within the clouds of Jupiter is roughly minus 145 degrees Celsius or minus 234 Fahrenheit.

But as you venture closer to the core,

temperatures may hit 24,000 degrees Celsius or 43,000 degrees Fahrenheit which is hotter than the surface of the Sun.

If a person who weighed 100 pounds could stand at the top of those clouds of Jupiter, they would feel like they weighed 240 pounds,

with a gravity 2.4 times stronger than that of the the Earth.

But if you fell into the clouds of Jupiter, you would be crushed and vaporized by the immense pressure near the core.

Jupiter is a very windy and stormy place.

The most famous storm being the Great Red Spot, which is a hurricane-like storm that is at least two times larger than the entire Earth

and it has been raging for hundreds of years.

The winds of that storm can reach 423 km an hour or 270 miles an hour.

Jupiter is an immense and deadly place for us humans, but it is quite stunning nonetheless.

Next up may be one of the most beautiful planets in the solar system thanks to its mighty rings.

Saturn.

Saturn is a gas giant planet with a diameter of 116,460 kilometers, or 72,364 miles.

It orbits the Sun at a distance of 1.4 billion kilometers,

or 886 million miles, and it takes Saturn roughly 29 years to orbit the Sun.

Yet one day lasts just under 11 hours here on Earth.

Saturn has three layers of clouds, and the conditions change as you venture through them.

The upper layers are made up of ammonia ice and has temperatures

that range from minus 173 to minus 113 degrees Celsius or minus 280 to minus 270 degrees Fahrenheit.

The next layer contains frozen water at a temperature varying from minus 88 to minus 3 degrees Celsius

or minus 127 to minus 26 degrees Fahrenheit.

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in the lower layers can reach 57 degrees Celsius or 134 degrees Fahrenheit.

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The gravity on Saturn is just 1.8 times stronger than that of the Earth, meaning if you weigh 100 pounds on Earth, you would weigh 108 pounds on Saturn.

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The atmosphere is made up mostly of hydrogen and helium, but there could also be a solid core somewhere deep within the mighty planet.

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Saturn is a breathtaking planet that is awe-inspiring to see, even through a basic telescope.

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I would highly recommend it if you ever get the chance.

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Next is the planet Uranus.

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Uranus is an ice giant which orbits 2.9 billion kilometers, or 1.8 billion miles from the Sun.

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It has a diameter of 50,724 kilometers or 31,518 miles.

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It takes this ice giant 84 years to orbit the Sun and has a day which lasts 17 hours here on Earth.

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Despite its frigid temperatures, the majority of its mass comes from a hot, dense fluid of icy materials such as water,

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methane, and ammonia, meaning you would sink if you tried to land on the surface.

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The average temperature is about minus 213 degrees Celsius,

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or minus 353 Fahrenheit, but as you get closer to this planet's rocky core,

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the temperatures can reach 4727 Celsius, or 8,540 Fahrenheit.

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The gravity on Uranus is about 86% of the Earth's gravity,

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so a person weighing 100 pounds on Earth would weigh 86 pounds on Uranus.

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The atmosphere is made up mostly of hydrogen and helium, with a small amount of methane, with traces of water and ammonia,

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and it is the presence of methane which gives this planet its bluish color.

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Lastly, we arrive at the furthest confirmed planet from the Sun.

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Neptune.

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Neptune is also an ice giant, which orbits the Sun at a distance of about 4.5 billion kilometers or 2.8 billion miles.

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It takes a whopping 165 Earth years for it to complete a single orbit of the Sun,

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and a day lasts just 16 Earth hours.

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Neptune is also the coldest planet in the solar system,

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with temperatures that can range from minus 218 to minus 200 degrees Celsius or minus 360 to minus 328 degrees Fahrenheit.

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Neptune is very similar to its near twin planet, Uranus, with a surface of hot, dense fluid made up from icy water,

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methane and ammonia, with an atmosphere of mostly hydrogen and helium as well as methane.

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Neptune has a diameter of 49,244 kilometers or 30,598 miles.

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And the surface gravity of Neptune is close to that of the Earth,

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being just 1.14 times stronger.

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So if you weighed 100 pounds on Earth, you would weigh around 114 pounds on Neptune.

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Intense storms can rage for weeks at a time with fast-moving, dark vortex clouds, and these storms can grow as large as planet Earth.

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Our solar system gives us an interesting look at the potential for what lies elsewhere in other solar systems and beyond.

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It is a great way for us to see our place as well.

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It gives a sense of appreciation just knowing the conditions on planet Earth can even support life at all

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when we see the hellish conditions elsewhere in the solar system.

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That's not to say there isn't life elsewhere in the solar system.

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It's just yet to be discovered.

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But if it were discovered, it would be monumental and it would be unlike any other life form we've ever seen.

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I want to thank you very much for watching.

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Feel free to share your thoughts on the solar system and today's video in the comments.

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Also feel free to leave a thumbs up to help support the channel, and subscribe if you'd like to see more videos like this in the future.

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Thanks again, and be well.

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Vocabulary and speaking notes for this lesson

This B2 speaking lesson is built on the video “The Planets In Our Solar System”. The speaker keeps coming back to these words: Earth, planet, degrees, minus, sun. This video has 142 sentences and 1881 words to shadow. The speech runs for 15:48. The speaker talks at a steady 119 words per minute, a comfortable pace for shadowing. Only 77% of the words are among the 3,000 most common in English, so the vocabulary is demanding.

Key vocabulary in this video

The 15 most advanced words in the video, with pronunciation and meaning:

Word	Pronunciation	Meaning
minus	/ˈmaɪ.nəs/	Made less or reduced by (followed by an expression of number or quantity).
weigh verb	/weɪ/	To determine the weight of an object.
orbit noun	/ˈɔɹ.bɪt/	An elliptical movement of an object about a celestial object or Lagrange point, especially a periodic elliptical revolution.
diameter noun	/daɪˈæmɪdɚ/	Any straight line between two points on the circumference of a circle that passes through the center of the circle; a chord that passes through the center of…
methane noun	/ˈmiːθeɪn/	The simplest aliphatic hydrocarbon, CH₄, being a constituent of natural gas, and one of the most abundant greenhouse gases.
hydrogen noun	/ˈhaɪdɹəd͡ʒ(ə)n/	The lightest chemical element (symbol H), with an atomic number of 1 and atomic weight of 1.008.
ammonia noun	/əˈmoʊn.jə/	A gaseous, toxic compound of hydrogen and nitrogen, NH₃, with a pungent smell and taste.
terrestrial adjective	/tɪˈɹɛstɹɪ.əl/	Of or relating to the Earth or its (native) inhabitants.
dense adjective	/ˈdɛns/	Having relatively high density.
helium noun	/ˈhiː.li.əm/	The second-lightest chemical element (symbol He), with an atomic number of 2 and atomic weight of 4.002602, a colorless, odorless and inert noble gas.
immense adjective	/ɪˈmɛns/	Huge, gigantic, very large.
mighty adjective	/ˈmaɪti/	Very strong; possessing might.
rocky adjective	/ˈɹɑki/	Abounding in, or full of, rocks; consisting of rocks.
whopping adjective	/ˈ(h)wɑpɪŋ/	Exceptionally great or large.
metallic adjective	/məˈtæl.ɪk/	Of, relating to, or characteristic of metal.

Phrasal verbs you will hear

Word	Pronunciation	Meaning
make up verb	/ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/	To constitute, to compose.
live off verb		To depend on financially.
sit back verb		To recline while still in a seated position, with one's back on the frame of the seat.

דקדוק בסרטון הזה

המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:

מבנה	בסרטון
משפטי תנאי (Conditional sentences) if + clause, will/would + verb — תנאי ותוצאה שלו	if it were discovered, it would be
סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה	has been battered · are caused · is covered
משפטי זיקה (Relative clauses) who / which + clause — מידע נוסף על אדם או דבר	someone who weighed · Fahrenheit which is · person who weighed
הווה מושלם (Present perfect) have/has + past participle — פעולה שקרתה בעבר ועדיין יש לה חשיבות או השפעה עכשיו	has been battered · have reached · we've ever seen

Pronunciation to watch

The speaker uses 5 contractions and reduced forms, such as you'd, doesn't, isn't. Say them the short way, as you hear them.

The “th” sounds: methane /ˈmiːθeɪn/, furthest /ˈfɜː(ɹ)ðɪst/, breathtaking /ˈbɹɛθˌteɪ.kɪŋ/, thrive /θɹajv/, thumb /ˈθʌm/
The “sh” and “zh” sounds: rotation /ɹoʊˈteɪʃən/, bluish /ˈbluːɪʃ/, hellish /ˈhɛlɪʃ/, appreciation /əˌpɹiː.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən/, crush /kɹʌʃ/
Long words — get the stress right: diameter /daɪˈæmɪdɚ/, terrestrial /tɪˈɹɛstɹɪ.əl/, monumental /ˌmɑnjəˈmɛntəl/, similarity /ˌsɪm.ɪˈlæɹ.ɪ.ti/, atmospheric /ˌætməsˈfɛɹɪk/

How to practise with this video

Listen to the whole video once without speaking and note the words you do not know.
Shadow it sentence by sentence at normal speed, repeating each one until your rhythm matches the speaker.
Record yourself and compare with the original, paying attention to words like minus, weigh, orbit.

מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?

שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.

טכניקת Shadowing: קרא את המדריך המלא שלב אחר שלב →

Shadowing Practice: The Planets In Our Solar System - Learn English Speaking with Video

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