ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: The Planets In Our Solar System
กำลังสร้างบทเรียน...
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Today, we will explore the planets in our solar system.
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Thank you for watching.
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Sit back and enjoy.
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We will start off with the planet closest to the sun.
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Mercury.
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Mercury is a terrestrial or rocky planet that orbits just under 58 million kilometers from the Sun, or 36 million miles.
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It is the smallest planet in the solar system, with a diameter of just 4,879 kilometers.
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That's 3,031 miles.
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It is only slightly larger than the Earth's moon, and the two actually look quite similar.
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Despite Mercury's small size, it is the second most dense planet in the solar system.
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Mercury completes a full orbit around the sun in just 88 days, yet one full day cycle lasts around 58 days here on Earth.
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The temperatures on the surface can vary from a whopping 430 degrees Celsius, that's 800 degrees Fahrenheit in the day,
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but with the lack of atmosphere to retain that heat,
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the temperatures can plummet to minus 180 degrees Celsius or minus 290 degrees Fahrenheit in the night.
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The gravity on Mercury is roughly 38% of the gravity here on Earth.
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So if you weighed 220 pounds on Earth, you'd only weigh about 84 pounds on Mercury.
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As you can see From its craters, Mercury has been battered by various impacts over the years.
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Beyond Mercury lies Venus.
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Venus is also a terrestrial or rocky type planet and it orbits just over 107 million kilometers from the Sun.
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It has a diameter of 12,103 kilometers or 7,520 miles.
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Even though Venus is not the closest planet to the Sun, it is surely the hottest,
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with surface temperatures that reach nearly 465 degrees Celsius or 900 degrees Fahrenheit.
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These temperatures are caused by its thick atmosphere of carbon dioxide with clouds of sulfuric acid.
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Venus is covered in a thick layer of clouds which would filter the sunlight and make the surface appear orange.
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The surface is also covered in thousands of volcanoes as well as mountains and valleys.
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There is a mountain on Venus called Maxwell Montes that is similar to the size of Mount Everest here on Earth.
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This completes a rotation around the Sun in 225 days, and due to its slow rotation,
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a single day on Venus lasts nearly 243 days here on Earth, which oddly enough is longer than a full year on Venus.
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The gravity on Venus is about 90% of Earth's gravity,
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so someone who weighed 220 pounds on Earth would weigh about 198 pounds on Venus.
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Interestingly enough, it is thought that Venus was once a very different planet, potentially even covered in oceans of liquid water.
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But a runaway greenhouse effect occurred, drastically changing the conditions on the surface.
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It gives us a reminder here on Earth what can occur when this happens.
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Up next is a planet we are all familiar with.
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Our home planet, Earth.
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The Earth is another terrestrial planet which orbits the sun at a comfortable 149.6 million kilometers or 92.9 million miles.
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Far distance from the sun is a large part of what
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allows the vast diversity of life we see on Earth to thrive, as well as our atmosphere.
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The Earth is the most dense planet in the solar system,
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and it measures in at 12,742 km across, or 7,917 miles.
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The temperatures can vary depending on the time of year and your location on the planet.
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The highest air temperature ever recorded on Earth was 56.7 degrees Celsius or 134.1 degrees Fahrenheit.
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Rather fittingly, this temperature was recorded in the Death Valley Desert in Furnace Creek Ranch, California in the United States.
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This temperature was recorded in July of 1913.
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The lowest temperature ever recorded on Earth was minus 89 degrees Celsius or minus 128 degrees Fahrenheit,
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which was recorded at a Soviet weather station in Antarctica in July of 1983.
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The Earth completes a trip around the Sun once every 365 days, and its days last just under 24 hours.
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The surface has some amazing diversity with vast frozen sections,
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molten sections, lush greenery, expansive wetlands,
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and brutally dry areas, all of which make up our one and only home.
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I just hope we humans can better adapt
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and better understand how to preserve and live off the lands in ways that will sustain the life as we know it,
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rather than destroying it and depleting it.
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Next up is the planet commonly known as the Red Planet, Mars.
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Mars is a terrestrial planet
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that orbits the sun at an average distance of 228 million kilometers
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or 142 million miles and it completes a trip around the Sun in 687 Earth days.
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One day on Mars lasts 24.6 hours, very similar to that of the Earth.
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The diameter of Mars is 6,779 kilometers or 4,212 miles making it roughly half the size of the Earth.
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The surface of Mars is cold and dusty with an average temperature of minus 60 degrees Celsius or minus 80 Fahrenheit.
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Although the temperature varies greatly depending on location and the time of year.
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Temperatures have reached 20 degrees Celsius or 70 degrees Fahrenheit near the equator.
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The gravity on Mars is much lower than that of the Earth.
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It is 62% lower so if If you weighed 220 pounds on Earth, you would weigh just 83 pounds on Mars.
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Mars is a very interesting planet, sharing many similarities with the Earth.
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Do you think humans will ever colonize the planet Mars?
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Let me know your thoughts in the comments.
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The fifth planet from the Sun is also the largest.
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The mighty Jupiter.
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Jupiter is a gas giant with a diameter of 139,820 km or 86,880 miles,
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making it about 11 times larger than the Earth.
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Jupiter orbits at an average distance of 778 million km
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or 484 million miles from the Sun and it orbits the Sun only once every 12 years.
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Yet a single day on Jupiter lasts just 10 hours on Earth.
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Being a gas giant, Jupiter doesn't have a firm surface,
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but it has an ocean swirling within of liquid metallic hydrogen and it lies deep beneath the clouds.
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This metallic ocean is possible due to the immense atmospheric pressure which keeps the hydrogen in a liquid state.
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The temperature within the clouds of Jupiter is roughly minus 145 degrees Celsius or minus 234 Fahrenheit.
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But as you venture closer to the core,
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temperatures may hit 24,000 degrees Celsius or 43,000 degrees Fahrenheit which is hotter than the surface of the Sun.
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If a person who weighed 100 pounds could stand at the top of those clouds of Jupiter, they would feel like they weighed 240 pounds,
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with a gravity 2.4 times stronger than that of the the Earth.
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But if you fell into the clouds of Jupiter, you would be crushed and vaporized by the immense pressure near the core.
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Jupiter is a very windy and stormy place.
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The most famous storm being the Great Red Spot, which is a hurricane-like storm that is at least two times larger than the entire Earth
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and it has been raging for hundreds of years.
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The winds of that storm can reach 423 km an hour or 270 miles an hour.
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Jupiter is an immense and deadly place for us humans, but it is quite stunning nonetheless.
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Next up may be one of the most beautiful planets in the solar system thanks to its mighty rings.
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Saturn.
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Saturn is a gas giant planet with a diameter of 116,460 kilometers, or 72,364 miles.
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It orbits the Sun at a distance of 1.4 billion kilometers,
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or 886 million miles, and it takes Saturn roughly 29 years to orbit the Sun.
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Yet one day lasts just under 11 hours here on Earth.
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Saturn has three layers of clouds, and the conditions change as you venture through them.
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The upper layers are made up of ammonia ice and has temperatures
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that range from minus 173 to minus 113 degrees Celsius or minus 280 to minus 270 degrees Fahrenheit.
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The next layer contains frozen water at a temperature varying from minus 88 to minus 3 degrees Celsius
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or minus 127 to minus 26 degrees Fahrenheit.
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in the lower layers can reach 57 degrees Celsius or 134 degrees Fahrenheit.
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The gravity on Saturn is just 1.8 times stronger than that of the Earth, meaning if you weigh 100 pounds on Earth, you would weigh 108 pounds on Saturn.
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The atmosphere is made up mostly of hydrogen and helium, but there could also be a solid core somewhere deep within the mighty planet.
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Saturn is a breathtaking planet that is awe-inspiring to see, even through a basic telescope.
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I would highly recommend it if you ever get the chance.
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Next is the planet Uranus.
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Uranus is an ice giant which orbits 2.9 billion kilometers, or 1.8 billion miles from the Sun.
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It has a diameter of 50,724 kilometers or 31,518 miles.
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It takes this ice giant 84 years to orbit the Sun and has a day which lasts 17 hours here on Earth.
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Despite its frigid temperatures, the majority of its mass comes from a hot, dense fluid of icy materials such as water,
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methane, and ammonia, meaning you would sink if you tried to land on the surface.
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The average temperature is about minus 213 degrees Celsius,
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or minus 353 Fahrenheit, but as you get closer to this planet's rocky core,
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the temperatures can reach 4727 Celsius, or 8,540 Fahrenheit.
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The gravity on Uranus is about 86% of the Earth's gravity,
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so a person weighing 100 pounds on Earth would weigh 86 pounds on Uranus.
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The atmosphere is made up mostly of hydrogen and helium, with a small amount of methane, with traces of water and ammonia,
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and it is the presence of methane which gives this planet its bluish color.
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Lastly, we arrive at the furthest confirmed planet from the Sun.
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Neptune.
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Neptune is also an ice giant, which orbits the Sun at a distance of about 4.5 billion kilometers or 2.8 billion miles.
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It takes a whopping 165 Earth years for it to complete a single orbit of the Sun,
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and a day lasts just 16 Earth hours.
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Neptune is also the coldest planet in the solar system,
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with temperatures that can range from minus 218 to minus 200 degrees Celsius or minus 360 to minus 328 degrees Fahrenheit.
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Neptune is very similar to its near twin planet, Uranus, with a surface of hot, dense fluid made up from icy water,
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methane and ammonia, with an atmosphere of mostly hydrogen and helium as well as methane.
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Neptune has a diameter of 49,244 kilometers or 30,598 miles.
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And the surface gravity of Neptune is close to that of the Earth,
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being just 1.14 times stronger.
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So if you weighed 100 pounds on Earth, you would weigh around 114 pounds on Neptune.
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Intense storms can rage for weeks at a time with fast-moving, dark vortex clouds, and these storms can grow as large as planet Earth.
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Our solar system gives us an interesting look at the potential for what lies elsewhere in other solar systems and beyond.
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It is a great way for us to see our place as well.
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It gives a sense of appreciation just knowing the conditions on planet Earth can even support life at all
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when we see the hellish conditions elsewhere in the solar system.
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That's not to say there isn't life elsewhere in the solar system.
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It's just yet to be discovered.
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But if it were discovered, it would be monumental and it would be unlike any other life form we've ever seen.
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I want to thank you very much for watching.
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Feel free to share your thoughts on the solar system and today's video in the comments.
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Also feel free to leave a thumbs up to help support the channel, and subscribe if you'd like to see more videos like this in the future.
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Thanks again, and be well.
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
บทเรียนฝึกพูดระดับ B2 นี้ใช้วิดีโอ “The Planets In Our Solar System” เป็นสื่อ คำที่ถูกพูดซ้ำบ่อยที่สุด: Earth, planet, degrees, minus, sun วิดีโอนี้มี 142 ประโยค และ 1881 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 15:48 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วสม่ำเสมอ ประมาณ 119 คำต่อนาที เหมาะกับการฝึกพูดตาม มีเพียง 77% ของคำที่อยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ คำศัพท์จึงค่อนข้างยาก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ยากที่สุด 15 คำในวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| minus | /ˈmaɪ.nəs/ | ลบ |
| weigh คำกริยา | /weɪ/ | ชั่ง |
| orbit คำนาม | /ˈɔɹ.bɪt/ | วงโคจร |
| diameter คำนาม | /daɪˈæmɪdɚ/ | เส้นผ่าศูนย์กลาง, เส้นผ่านศูนย์กลาง |
| hydrogen คำนาม | /ˈhaɪdɹəd͡ʒ(ə)n/ | ไฮโดรเจน |
| dense คำคุณศัพท์ | /ˈdɛns/ | แน่น, ทึบ |
| helium คำนาม | /ˈhiː.li.əm/ | ฮีเลียม |
| immense คำคุณศัพท์ | /ɪˈmɛns/ | มหึมา, มหาศาล |
| mighty คำคุณศัพท์ | /ˈmaɪti/ | เกรียงไกร, ทรงพลัง |
| rotation คำนาม | /ɹoʊˈteɪʃən/ | การหมุน |
| freeze คำกริยา | /ˈfɹiːz/ | แข็ง |
| depend คำกริยา | /dɪˈpɛnd/ | พึ่ง |
| equator คำนาม | /ɪˈkweɪ.tɚ/ | เส้นศูนย์สูตร |
| plummet คำกริยา | /ˈplʌmət/ | ดิ่ง |
| crater คำนาม | /ˈkɹeɪ.tɚ/ | แอ่ง |
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| ประโยคเงื่อนไข if + อนุประโยค, will/would + กริยา — เงื่อนไขและผลลัพธ์ | if it were discovered, it would be |
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | has been battered · are caused · is covered |
| Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของ | someone who weighed · Fahrenheit which is · person who weighed |
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | has been battered · have reached · we've ever seen |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 5 ครั้ง เช่น you'd, doesn't, isn't ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “th”: methane /ˈmiːθeɪn/, furthest /ˈfɜː(ɹ)ðɪst/, breathtaking /ˈbɹɛθˌteɪ.kɪŋ/, thrive /θɹajv/, thumb /ˈθʌm/
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: rotation /ɹoʊˈteɪʃən/, bluish /ˈbluːɪʃ/, hellish /ˈhɛlɪʃ/, appreciation /əˌpɹiː.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən/, crush /kɹʌʃ/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: diameter /daɪˈæmɪdɚ/, terrestrial /tɪˈɹɛstɹɪ.əl/, monumental /ˌmɑnjəˈmɛntəl/, similarity /ˌsɪm.ɪˈlæɹ.ɪ.ti/, atmospheric /ˌætməsˈfɛɹɪk/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- พูดตามทีละประโยคด้วยความเร็วปกติ ทำซ้ำแต่ละประโยคจนจังหวะของคุณตรงกับผู้พูด
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง minus, weigh, orbit เป็นพิเศษ
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ