Shadowing Practice: Types of Proximity Sensors! #automation #engineering #science #robotics #electronics - Learn English Speaking with Video

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1
In automation, detecting part presence is pretty important, and this is most commonly done with proximity sensors.
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Even within this part category, there are some important distinctions you should know about.
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Firstly, because they use invisible light beams and they're sweet, let's talk about infrared sensors.
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I've got two different types here.
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This all-in-one style is a diffuse-style sensor, which emits the infrared light and looks for it bouncing back all in the same little tube.
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Super easy to use and mount.
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Downside is it can be less accurate in outdoor environments or with shiny and dark parts.
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The other form of infrared sensor is a through beam sensor, and these are usually two pieces, with the emitter on one side of your conveyor or detection zone, and a receiver on the other.
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They're a little more complicated to set up than the single unit, but much more reliable too.
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These little fellas are inductive sensors, meaning they can only see metal or things that have inductive current.
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You can run cardboard or plastic by these without detecting anything, because they're only useful for detecting metal.
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Lastly, the capacitive style sensors can see a lot more and even be used to detect powders or liquids, with the trade-off being they can actually be too sensitive
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and often need their sensitivity dialed back down a bit with a potentiometer to reduce noise.
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One more pro gamer tip, pretty much all of these sensors can be found in PNP or NPN arrangement.
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You can either source 24 volts to your PLC with a PNP sensor
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or sync back to 0 volts with an NPN sensor.
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Most digital input cards on a PLC can only handle one or the other.
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Make sure you buy a sensor to match your card.
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So which one of these sensors do you think is the right call for detecting components on our conveyor system?

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Vocabulary and speaking notes for this lesson

This video has 19 sentences and 319 words to shadow. The speech runs for 1:36. The speaker talks fast, about 200 words per minute, so expect linked and reduced sounds. Only 75% of the words are among the 3,000 most common in English, so the vocabulary is demanding.

Key vocabulary in this video

15 words from the video worth learning, with pronunciation and meaning:

WordPronunciationMeaning
sensor noun/ˈsɛn.sɚ/A device or organ that detects certain external stimuli and responds in a distinctive manner.
detect verb/dɪˈtɛkt/To discover or find by careful search, examination, or probing.
infrared adjective/ˌɪnfɹəˈɹɛd/Having a wavelength in the infrared spectrum.
beam noun/ˈbiːm/Any large piece of timber or iron long in proportion to its thickness, and prepared for use.
complicated adjective/ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/Difficult or convoluted.
mount verb/maʊnt/To get upon; to ascend; to climb.
sensitive adjective/ˈsɛn.sɪt.ɪv/Having the faculty of sensation; pertaining to the senses.
liquid noun/ˈlɪk.wɪd/A substance that is flowing, and keeping no shape, such as water; a substance of which the molecules, while not tending to separate from one another like those…
commonly adverb/ˈkɑmənli/As a rule; frequently; usually.
tube noun/tuːb/Anything that is hollow and cylindrical in shape.
input noun/ˈɪnpʊt/The act or process of putting in; infusion.
component noun/kəmˈpoʊ.nənt/A smaller, self-contained part of a larger entity. Often refers to a manufactured object that is part of a larger device.
reliable adjective/ɹɪˈlaɪəbl̩/Suitable or fit to be relied on; worthy of dependence, reliance or trust; dependable, trustworthy
arrangement noun/əˈɹeɪnd͡ʒmənt/The act of arranging.
powder noun/ˈpaʊ.dɚ/The fine particles which are the result of reducing a dry substance by pounding, grinding, or triturating, or the result of decay; dust.

Phrasal verbs you will hear

WordPronunciationMeaning
back down verbTo take a less aggressive position in a conflict than one previously had, or has planned to have.
bounce back verbTo recover from a negative situation without seemingly any damage.
set up verb/ˌsɛt ˈʌp/To make ready for use.

דקדוק בסרטון הזה

המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:

מבנהבסרטון
סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולהcan be found

Pronunciation to watch

The speaker uses 4 contractions and reduced forms, such as they're, I've. Say them the short way, as you hear them.

  • The “sh” and “zh” sounds: distinction /dɪˈstɪŋkʃən/, detection /dɪˈtɛk.ʃən/, automation /ˌɔ.təˈmeɪ.ʃən/, potentiometer /pəˌtɛn(t)ʃiˈɑmɪtəɹ/
  • Long words — get the stress right: complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, invisible /ɪnˈvɪzəb(ə)l/, sensitivity /ˌsɛn.səˈtɪv.ə.ti/, proximity /pɹɒkˈsɪm.ɪ.ti/, automation /ˌɔ.təˈmeɪ.ʃən/

How to practise with this video

  1. Listen to the whole video once without speaking and note the words you do not know.
  2. Start at 0.75× speed, shadow it sentence by sentence, then go back to normal speed once it feels easy.
  3. Record yourself and compare with the original, paying attention to words like sensor, detect, infrared.

מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?

שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.

טכניקת Shadowing: קרא את המדריך המלא שלב אחר שלב →