Shadowing Practice: What Makes People Successful? | Angela Duckworth - Learn English Speaking with Video
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124 משפטים
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I often set a goal, but later choose to pursue a different one.
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Wouldn't it be a wonderful life to find some learning curve that you don't want to drop out of?
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The common denominator that I have discovered across achievement in every domain is something
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that is not correlated with your IQ or any other measure of talent, and that is grit.
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Now, before I tell you what I've discovered about grit, I just want to say it's not the only thing that you care about.
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I know this.
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You have some infinite bookshelf in your head of all the things that you want to be, that you hope your workplace culture will exemplify and support,
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but I will take this book off the shelf, so to speak, because it is a common denominator, and it is something I believe that we can all develop intentionally.
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Now I'm going to give you some items from the GRIT scale.
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So, let's go.
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This is a questionnaire that I developed from interviewing high achievers.
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And when I assess grit, I ask you to reflect on, for example, whether if I talk to people who work closely with you,
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would they go out of their way to tell me that you're an especially hard worker?
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Here's another item.
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Rate yourself.
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Do you finish whatever you begin?
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This is my personally favorite item.
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It's the single most predictive item on the entire questionnaire of
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course I'm sure you know you're wondering whether it's okay to
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quit things absolutely I think it's important to quit things
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but I think there is a bias in people with grit not to quit they will quit
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but they kind of hate to do it okay so these are two items from the perseverance sub scale
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of the overall grit scale and you know you say yes you get a higher perseverance score, you had a higher overall grit score.
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Now I'm going to show you two more items, and they are from the passion subscale.
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And I have to warn you, they're reverse scored.
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So the more you say yes, the lower your passion subscore, the lower your grit score.
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Okay, for example, I have difficulty maintaining my focus on projects that take more than a few months to complete.
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Here's another reverse scored item.
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I often set a goal, but later choose to pursue a different one.
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Now this passion that I talk about, and since we're all here together in person, which I love, I want to explain that it's not so much intensity
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that I have found to be remarkable about high achievers in terms of their passion.
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It's interestingly, it's about their consistency.
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It's not like, oh hey, I just pulled three all -nighters to which I say, you should get more sleep.
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It's really about I get up again, and I get up again, and I get up again, and I get up again, and when I get up,
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I am still devoted with enthusiasm, with real authenticity to this purpose, which I think is important enough for me to keep going.
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So not intensity, like fireworks, but stamina, like you're running a marathon.
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So what is grit?
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Grit is perseverance and passion for especially long -term goals.
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And I think this is what's true about grit and why I continue to admire people like Michael who are, you know, grit paragons and grit fans.
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It's not that I think you should stick with anything that you started, but it is this.
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And again, I tell my own daughters this.
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Wouldn't it be a wonderful life to find some learning curve that you don't want to drop out of.
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Wouldn't it be a wonderful thing in your life, whether or not you win a Nobel Prize, to achieve excellence, to achieve your potential?
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And to do that, you need not only high quantity, but high quality practice.
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What is a growth mindset?
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A growth mindset is a theory.
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It's a theory about human nature.
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If you have a growth mindset, you believe that people in fundamental ways can change,
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that you can even get smarter.
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Now, I'm going to confess to you that when I started to learn about growth mindset myself, it was, as I said,
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20 -plus years ago, I began collaborating with folks at Stanford, which is where Carol is now as a professor, and we would be having these meetings, and we'd be looking at,
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like, a table from a paper, and my colleague James would say, oh, Angela, Table 2, I don't really understand that.
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Can you help me get smarter?
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And I would always just have to, like, pause.
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I'm like, did he just say get smarter?
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I'm like, oh, you want me to explain Table 2?
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Yeah, well, this is Table 2.
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And he would say it over and over again, and so would Carol.
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And then I figured out they were trying to get me not to have a fixed mindset.
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What's a fixed mindset?
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A fixed mindset is someone who says, what?
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Did you just say you get smarter?
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Did you just say you could like fundamentally change?
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I mean, because either you're smart or you're not.
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You're a gifted public speaker or you're not.
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You're a natural athlete or you're not.
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A fixed mindset is also a theory.
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It is also a theory of human nature.
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And that theory says that in fundamental ways, people don't change.
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Now, something that Carol taught me early in our relationship is that,
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surprisingly to me, it doesn't really matter which one you have when everything's going great.
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Getting straight A's, you're the prom queen or the prom king, everything's coming up roses, fixed mindset's fine.
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But what happens on the bad days?
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What happens when you give a talk and it doesn't go well?
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What happens when you hold a meeting and nothing turned out the way you thought it would?
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On days of challenge, on days of setback,
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on days of failure, you have a rational reason to get up again if you have a growth mindset.
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Because a growth mindset tells you that whatever happened, you can learn from it.
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And you can grow from it.
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And you will be stronger for it.
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That's what a growth mindset is.
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That's why I think it's one of the most important discoveries in the history of psychology.
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Let me share with you a story of an Olympic swimmer who was interviewed by scientists at the University of Chicago.
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It was a study of world -class achievers.
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He was one of 120 subjects.
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And he was already retired.
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He had already, you know, Olympic medals, et cetera.
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Here's a story he told.
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When I was 11, I wanted to bag it because I was doing very badly.
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My dad at that point did something that was very important.
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He said, if you want to quit, that's fine, but I don't want you to quit simply because you're losing.
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So I'm going to continue to drive you to workouts and force you to swim, and once you turn 12 and you're at the top of your age group, you'll start to do well.
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If you want to quit, then that's fine.
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Now, the scientists at the University of Chicago were a little freaked out by this part of the interview.
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They asked a ton of follow -up questions like, so it sounds like your parents forced you to become a professional swimmer against your will
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when you were 11
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and the swimmer said no no you're not um i'm not communicating the context my mom
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and my dad loved me
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so much they just didn't want me to quit on a bad day i have interviewed dozens
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if not hundreds of paragons of grit every single one of them has a story like this and so do you.
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And what I want to share with you about what I've learned about Grit is that it's not DIY.
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It's forged through relationships because frankly everybody has bad days.
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We might not get into it
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but I had a lot of bad days last year writing my second book and I said out loud I quit.
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I said it while sobbing, right?
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And my mentors including my editor but also my husband said,
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if you want to quit on a good day, that's fine.
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But I care about you too much to let you quit on a bad one.
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And finally, let me open the aperture up to its widest diameter and say something about culture, something you know more about than I do.
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In the country of Finland, it's a very small country, there are fewer Finns than there are New Yorkers.
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Let's give you some context.
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In Finland they have this word called sisu, and sisu translates directly to intestines actually, but the symbolic meaning is fortitude or grit.
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And the Finns believe that only they have sisu.
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So when the French give up and the Americans of course have given up and the Japanese have given up, everyone's given up, the Finns are like,
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but we still stand strong because we are Finns and we have sisu.
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Now I had a graduate student named Amelia who came to work with me for a year.
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And I said, Amelia, you cannot have something inside your intestines that makes you different from everyone else.
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And she said, Professor Duckworth, with respect, you're missing the point.
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It's about identity.
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What is culture if not the way we do things around here?
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And she said, that's what makes us special.
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That's what gives us strength.
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And I could not agree more.
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I one of the most important things that anybody could work on, because I don't think you can express grit or develop grit if you don't have a great place to work.
הורד אפליקציה
כל מה שאתה צריך כדי לדבר בשטף
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אוצר מיליםבנה את מאגר המילים שלך
משחק אוצר מיליםלמד תוך כדי משחק
אותו ערוץ
FOR YOU
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אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה
שיעור הדיבור הזה ברמה C1 מבוסס על הסרטון “What Makes People Successful?”. המילים שחוזרות הכי הרבה: grit, mindset, quit, item, growth. בסרטון הזה יש 124 משפטים ו-1645 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 9:46. הדובר מדבר בקצב טבעי של כ-168 מילים בדקה, קרוב לשיחה יומיומית. 82% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית; כדאי ללמוד את השאר לפני שמתחילים.
אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה
15 המילים המתקדמות ביותר בסרטון, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:
| מילה | הגייה | משמעות |
|---|---|---|
| swimmer שם עצם | /ˈswɪm.ɚ/ | שחיין, שחיינית |
| denominator שם עצם | /dɪˈnɒmɪneɪtə(ɹ)/ | מְכַנֶה |
| intestine שם עצם | /ɪnˈtɛs.tɪn/ | מְעִי |
| paragon שם עצם | /ˈpæɹəˌɡɔn/ | מוֹפֵת |
| bookshelf שם עצם | /ˈbʊkˌʃɛlf/ | אֲרוֹן סְפָרִים |
| firework שם עצם | /ˈfaɪɚˌwɚk/ | זיקוקי די־נור |
| collaborate פועל | /kəˈlæb.ə.ɹeɪt/ | שיתף פעולה |
| devote פועל | /dɪˈvəʊt/ | הקדיש |
| fundamentally תואר הפועל | עֶקְרוֹנִית | |
| intentionally תואר הפועל | /ɪnˈtɛn(t)ʃənəli/ | ביד רמה |
| confess פועל | /kənˈfɛs/ | התוודה |
| symbolic שם תואר | סמלי, סמלית | |
| translate פועל | /tɹænzˈleɪt/ | תִּרְגֵּם |
| mentor שם עצם | /ˈmɛn.tɔː/ | מַנְחֶה, חוֹנֵךְ |
| admire פועל | /ədˈmaɪɹ/ | הֶעֱרִיץ |
Phrasal verbs שתשמעו
| מילה | משמעות |
|---|---|
| get up פועל | קָם |
| give up פועל | וִתֵּר |
| figure out פועל | הֵבִין, מצא תשובה |
משפטים שכדאי לחזור עליהם
משפטים קצרים ושלמים מהסרטון שאפשר להשתמש בהם בשיחה יומיומית:
- Do you finish whatever you begin?
- Can you help me get smarter?
- I'm like, did he just say get smarter?
- Did you just say you get smarter?
- Did you just say you could like fundamentally change?
דקדוק בסרטון הזה
המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:
| מבנה | בסרטון |
|---|---|
| הווה מושלם (Present perfect) have/has + past participle — פעולה שקרתה בעבר ועדיין יש לה חשיבות או השפעה עכשיו | have discovered · I've discovered · have found |
| סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה | is not correlated · was interviewed · was already retired |
| משפטי זיקה (Relative clauses) who / which + clause — מידע נוסף על אדם או דבר | people who work · Stanford, which is · someone who says |
הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה
הדובר משתמש ב-41 קיצורים וצורות מקוצרות, כמו you're, I'm, don't. אמרו אותם בצורה הקצרה, כפי שאתם שומעים אותם.
- הצלילים של “th”: authenticity /ɑθɛnˈtɪsɪti/, enthusiasm /ɪnˈθuziæzəm/
- הצלילים של “sh” ו-“zh”: bookshelf /ˈbʊkˌʃɛlf/, intentionally /ɪnˈtɛn(t)ʃənəli/, shelf /ʃɛlf/, rational /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/
- מילים ארוכות — שימו לב להטעמה: perseverance /ˌpɝsəˈvɪɹəns/, denominator /dɪˈnɒmɪneɪtə(ɹ)/, exemplify /ɛɡˈzɛmplɪfaɪ/, collaborate /kəˈlæb.ə.ɹeɪt/, authenticity /ɑθɛnˈtɪsɪti/
צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:
- /w/ — שפתיים מעוגלות, לא /v/: swimmer /ˈswɪm.ɚ/, questionnaire /ˌk(w)ɛstʃəˈnɛə/, firework /ˈfaɪɚˌwɚk/, workout /ˈwɝk.aʊ̯t/, warn /woɹn/
- /æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: paragon /ˈpæɹəˌɡɔn/, aperture /ˈæp.ɚˌt͡ʃʊɹ/, setback /ˈsɛtbæk/, stamina /ˈstæmənə/, collaborate /kəˈlæb.ə.ɹeɪt/
- /r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: grit /ɡɹɪt/, perseverance /ˌpɝsəˈvɪɹəns/, denominator /dɪˈnɒmɪneɪtə(ɹ)/, paragon /ˈpæɹəˌɡɔn/, prom /pɹɑm/
איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה
- הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
- התחילו במהירות 0.75×, תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט, וחזרו למהירות רגילה כשזה מרגיש קל.
- הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו swimmer, denominator, intestine.
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.