शैडोइंग अभ्यास: C1 Advanced (CAE) Listening Test 66 with answers - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
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1
Now open your question paper and look at part 1.
2
You'll hear three different extracts.
3
For questions 1 to 6, choose the answer A, B or C, which fits best according to what you hear.
4
There are two questions for each extract.
5
Extract 1.
6
You overhear two colleagues talking about the man's recent holiday.
7
Now look at questions 1 and 2.
8
Higher up on the main slopes there was far less than in previous years.
9
In fact, there were huge bear patches on some of them.
10
That must have put a lot of other people off too.
11
The whole resort area is usually quite crowded, but this time there was hardly a soul in sight, even though all the hotel prices were heavily discounted.
12
So, all in all, it was something of a wasted trip, really.
13
Well, I think I'd have counted myself lucky just to be somewhere that beautiful at this time of year, but if what you saw there is part of a more general pattern
14
and it does seem the same thing's been happening in mountainous
15
areas in other parts of the world then it looks as
16
though we're seeing the physical results of climate change sooner than we expected even just a few years ago
17
Or maybe it's just a temporary thing, as some people claim periods of warm and cold weather go in cycles, don't they?
18
To some extent, certainly, but I think we're looking at a longer term trend now
19
Higher up on the main slopes there was far less than in previous years.
20
In fact, there were huge bear patches on some of them.
21
It must have put a lot of other people off too.
22
The whole resort area is usually quite crowded, but this time there was hardly a soul in sight, even though all the hotel prices were heavily discounted.
23
So, all in all, it was something of a wasted trip, really.
24
Well, I think I'd have counted myself lucky just to be somewhere that beautiful at this time of year.
25
But if what you saw there is part of a more general pattern, and it does seem the same thing's been happening in mountainous areas in other parts of the world,
26
then it looks as though we're seeing the physical results of
27
climate change sooner than we expected even just a few years ago.
28
Or maybe it's just a temporary thing, as some people claim.
29
Periods of warm and cold weather They're going cycles, don't they?
30
To some extent, certainly, but I think we're looking at a longer-term trend now.
31
Act Two.
32
You hear two friends discussing a documentary programme about a tropical rainforest.
33
Now look at questions three and four.
34
It was overambitious really, wasn't it?
35
I mean, trying to pack into 40 minutes the entire evolution of the rainforests, the range of trees, plants and animals in them, plus all the danger they're now in.
36
It's just not possible.
37
I don't think I could have sat through any more of that, to be honest, especially with the narrator talking to viewers as if they were school kids.
38
It was like being back in biology lessons.
39
He sounded like he'd never done a voiceover before.
40
Actually, I thought he had quite a pleasant voice, though I must admit I could have done without it whenever I was trying to listen to all those marvellous background sounds,
41
the birds and monkeys and everything.
42
I've seen better camera work, too.
43
At times, that looked more like a home video.
44
There were some nice shots, though, especially those taken from above the treetops.
45
Yes, they were very much the exceptions, and they must have paid some actual professionals quite a lot to get those.
46
Though they could have saved all that money by filming it in Cairns in North East Australia.
47
There's a cable car near there that runs right above the rainforest.
48
It was over-ambitious, really, wasn't it?
49
I mean, trying to pack into forty minutes the entire evolution of the rainforests, the range of trees, plants and animals in them, plus all the danger they're now in.
50
It's just not possible.
51
I don't think I could have sat through any more of that, to be honest, especially with the narrator talking to viewers as if they were school kids.
52
It was like being back in biology lessons.
53
He sounded like he'd never done a voiceover before.
54
Actually, I thought he had quite a pleasant voice, though I must admit I could have done without it whenever I was trying to listen to all those marvellous background sounds.
55
The birds and monkeys and everything.
56
I've seen better camera work, too.
57
At times that looked more like a home video.
58
There were some nice shots, though, especially those taken from above the treetops.
59
Yes, they were very much the exceptions, and they must have paid some actual professionals quite a lot to get those.
60
though they could have saved all that money by filming it in Cairns in North East Australia.
61
There's a cable car near there that runs right above the rainforest.
62
Extract 3 You hear part of an interview with a woman called Anne Murphy, who is campaigning against the building of a new factory.
63
Now look at questions 5 and 6.
64
Anne, can you tell us why you're so opposed to this scheme?
65
Quite simply, it's a local beauty spot, and whoever had the idea of putting a food processing factory
66
in those lovely green fields right next to the river simply doesn't care how much damage it would do.
67
I know the plan includes an effective water treatment plant, but such a large development would be impossible without new roads, power lines and so on,
68
with all the harm that would do to the countryside.
69
And what do the farmers say about this?
70
Well, there's a lot of compensation on offer and they're likely to take it.
71
Actually, they've now said that if this scheme doesn't go ahead, they'll find another buyer for the land, so doing nothing with it isn't an option either.
72
Finding an alternative use for it perhaps as a country park or something like that sounds like the best bet.
73
I know
74
that some of the people on the Town Council have argued for going ahead with the plan on a slightly reduced scale, but that's completely out of the question as far as I'm concerned.
75
Anne, can you tell us why you're so opposed to this scheme?
76
Quite simply, it's a local beauty spot, and whoever had the idea of putting a food processing factory
77
in those lovely green fields right next to the river simply doesn't care how much damage it would do.
78
I know the plan includes an effective water treatment plant, but such a large development would be impossible without new roads, power lines and so on,
79
with all the harm that would do to the countryside.
80
And what do the farmers say about this?
81
Well, there's a lot of compensation on offer and they're likely to take it.
82
Actually, they've now said that if this scheme doesn't go ahead, they'll find another buyer for the land, so doing nothing with it isn't an option either.
83
Finding an alternative use for it, perhaps as a country park or something like that, sounds like the best bet.
84
I know
85
that some of the people on the Town Council have argued for going ahead with the plan on a slightly reduced scale,
86
but that's completely out of the question as far as I'm That's the end of part one.
87
Now turn to part two.
88
You'll hear a research student called Ava O'Neill talking about visiting Cusco in Peru.
89
For questions 7 to 14, complete the sentences with a word or short phrase.
90
You now have 45 seconds to look at part two.
91
Thank you.
92
The Peruvian city of Cusco is a total experience.
93
From its location 11,000 feet up in the Andes Mountains, its history as the ancient capital of the Inca Empire,
94
and its unique culture to the blend of Inca
95
and Spanish architecture from different centuries that has led to researchers referring to it as an open-air museum.
96
Its origins actually go back over a thousand years
97
but it was in the 13th century
98
that the invading Incas reached Cuzco They planned and built the city
99
so that it resembled a mountain lion and districts
100
and individual streets still bear the names of body parts such as the head
101
and back while the tail was formed by straightening the point where two rivers joined
102
Although night-time temperatures in Cusco can be quite mild that is certainly not the case all year round On account of that,
103
many of the original Inca homes there lacked windows
104
and had just a single door which would have been covered by a thick mat during the chillier months
105
There would also have been a straw roof
106
that had to be replaced every few years My colleagues and I were there in late June
107
and I noticed on the first afternoon
108
that a number of the others were looking distinctly uncomfortable as the fierce sun began to beat down, but as an Australian, I'm accustomed to that.
109
The height above sea level was another matter, leaving all of us short of breath at times, especially when climbing the steep hills around the city.
110
Having arrived a couple of days ahead of the Festival of the Sun, we were able to watch some of the performers practising for the big day.
111
What really stood out for me was the folk dancing, though some of the concerts and parades were well worth watching too.
112
On the 24th, the day of the festival itself, the city centre was packed as the procession set off.
113
The multi-coloured costumes were fabulous, even more varied than I'd imagined,
114
as the participants moved slowly up the hill to the ancient site called Sacsayhuaman, where the main ceremony would take place.
115
That is where the magnificent walls are located.
116
Standing nearly six metres tall and measuring up to 400 metres in length, they were built of huge stones that fitted together perfectly.
117
Given that some of them weighed 200 tonnes each, the only way the Incas could have achieved that, my research indicates,
118
is by sculpting models in lighter materials to the exact size and shape required and then reproducing them in stone.
119
I stood there marvelling at the sight of the walls and at the colourful scene as the ceremony began.
120
Looking at the vast crowds of spectators,
121
I recalled a paper written by a local historian which made the point that in Inca times there weren't any.
122
In one way or another, all the thousands of people at the festival in those days were participants.
123
Now you'll hear part two again.
124
The Peruvian city of Cuzco is a total experience from its location 11,000 feet up in the Andes Mountains,
125
its history as the ancient capital of the Inca Empire
126
and its unique culture to the blend of Inca
127
and Spanish architecture from different centuries that has led to researchers referring to it as an open-air museum.
128
Its origins actually go back over a thousand years
129
but it was in the 13th century
130
that the invading Incas reached Cuzco They planned and built the city
131
so that it resembled a mountain lion and districts
132
and individual streets still bear the names of body parts such as the head
133
and back while the tail was formed by straightening the point where two rivers joined
134
Although night-time temperatures in Cusco can be quite mild that is certainly not the case all year round On account of that,
135
many of the original Inca homes there lacked windows
136
and had just a single door
137
which would have been covered by a thick mat during the
138
chillier months There would also have been a straw roof
139
that had to be replaced every few years My colleagues and I were there in late June
140
and I noticed on the first afternoon
141
that a number of the others were looking distinctly uncomfortable as the fierce sun began to beat down, but as an Australian, I'm accustomed to that.
142
The height above sea level was another matter, leaving all of us short of breath at times, especially when climbing the steep hills around the city.
143
Having arrived a couple of days ahead of the Festival of the Sun, we were able to watch some of the performers practising for the big day.
144
What really stood out for me was the folk dancing, though some of the concerts and parades were well worth watching too.
145
On the 24th, the day of the festival itself, the city centre was packed as the procession set off.
146
The multi-coloured costumes were fabulous, even more varied than I'd imagined,
147
as the participants moved slowly up the hill to the ancient site called Sacsayhuaman, where the main ceremony would take place.
148
That is where the magnificent walls are located.
149
Standing nearly six metres tall and measuring up to 400 metres in length, they were built of huge stones that fitted together perfectly.
150
Given that some of them weighed 200 tonnes each, the only way the Incas could have achieved that, my research indicates,
151
is by sculpting models in lighter materials to the exact size and shape required and then reproducing them in stone.
152
I stood there marvelling at the sight of the walls and at the colourful scene as the ceremony began.
153
Looking at the vast crowds of spectators,
154
I recalled a paper written by a local historian which made the point that in Inca times there weren't any.
155
In one way or another, all the thousands of people at the festival in those days were participants.
156
That's the end of part two.
157
Now turn to part three.
158
You'll hear an interview with a student called Liam
159
who talks about the financial difficulties he faced during his first year at university.
160
For questions 15 to 20, choose the answer A, B, C or D, which fits best according to what you hear.
161
You now have 70 seconds to look at part 3.
162
Thank you.
163
Thank you.
164
My guest today is Liam Callaghan, a second-year history undergraduate who had some difficulties managing money when he went to university.
165
So, Liam, as a student suddenly living on your own in another city, I suppose the first thing you had to do was set up a bank account.
166
How did you decide which bank to choose?
167
I'd already arranged a student loan, and to be honest, my only concern was getting my hands on the cash as easily as possible.
168
All the main banks had branches on campus, which meant any of them would do, and I wasn't bothered about things like how much they'd let you borrow on a credit card
169
or whether they'd let you overdraw without having to pay interest.
170
So it came down to what they were giving away in an attempt to attract people like me.
171
In the end, I opted for the one offering the clock radio in the hope it would get me up in the mornings, though it wasn't very successful in that respect.
172
And how did you get on managing your finances?
173
Did you find having a student card made things much cheaper?
174
Ah, yes and no. Things like cut-price tickets to see films are fine, if that's what you like doing,
175
but I'd rather stay at home with a takeaway meal on my lap as I watch DVDs.
176
Now, they are something you can make quite a saving on, with some websites giving a percentage off if you're in full-time education.
177
The same goes for textbooks and other stuff you need.
178
I also saved a lot on long-distance coach fares, much more than going by train.
179
People talk about how a student rail card can save you money, but the fact is you get a better deal by booking your tickets in advance, like everyone else.
180
Did you go home during the holidays or stay in the Hall of Residence?
181
I went home at Easter, though unfortunately, while I was away, my room was broken into and my laptop's stolen.
182
Really?
183
Yes.
184
I shouldn't have left valuables there.
185
I realise that now, especially as they weren't insured.
186
I'd assumed they'd be covered by my parents' policy, because I'd got them to extend their contents insurance to cover my things while I was away, but when I tried to claim,
187
I was told it only applied during term time.
188
The laptop was the biggest loss, both financially and in terms of losing all the study notes I had on it.
189
Not that there'd be any use to anyone else, even if they could access the files.
190
A friend asked me why it was so easy for them to get into my room, But the truth is there's not much you can do to keep Determined Thieves out when almost everybody's away.
191
That must have been a shock for you.
192
Did you have to replace the laptop yourself?
193
Yes, and it was at that point I noticed I was spending too much overall.
194
It wasn't that I was splashing out on suits or shoes or anything like that, or going to expensive nightclubs or restaurants.
195
Actually, if my friends and I did go out, we'd usually just have a coffee somewhere and share a cab home which actually worked out cheaper than taking the bus.
196
No, what was taking me over budget was paying back some cash I'd borrowed a few months earlier.
197
I got it from one of those money shops without working out the true interest rate.
198
So now you owed money.
199
How did you feel about that?
200
Well, in situations like that, it's always easy to say somebody should have warned you.
201
But really, I had no one else to blame but myself.
202
I also knew that my family weren't in a financial position to come to my rescue, so it was up to me to sort it out.
203
I didn't doubt my ability to do
204
so as long as the people I owed money to kept their side of the agreement, and I had no reason to believe they wouldn't.
205
It all worked out in the end, but it wasn't an experience I'd care to repeat.
206
What would you advise other students in that situation to do?
207
Firstly, to face up to reality.
208
There's no way the debt will go away.
209
and there's no chance of talking lenders into charging you less interest on it, so all you can do is find out the minimum amount they'll accept over how many months,
210
make a deal on that basis, and stick to it.
211
There's always a temptation to relieve the pressure by borrowing elsewhere and paying that back over a longer period, but all you're doing then is prolonging the situation.
212
Of course, to reduce any debt, you've got to cut back on your spending, though I wouldn't recommend going without essentials.
213
Yes, you have to economise, but don't forget to eat.
214
Liam Callaghan, many thanks.
215
Now you'll hear part three again.
216
My guest today is Liam Callaghan, a second-year history undergraduate who had some difficulties managing money when he went to university.
217
So, Liam, as a student suddenly living on your own in another city, I suppose the first thing you had to do was set up a bank account.
218
How did you decide which bank to choose?
219
I'd already arranged a student loan, and to be honest, my only concern was getting my hands on the cash as easily as possible.
220
All the main banks had branches on campus, which meant any of them would do.
221
and I wasn't bothered about things like how much they'd let you borrow on a credit card
222
or whether they'd let you overdraw without having to pay interest.
223
So it came down to what they were giving away in an attempt to attract people like me.
224
In the end, I opted for the one offering the clock radio in the hope it would get me up in the mornings, though it wasn't very successful in that respect.
225
And how did you get on managing your finances?
226
Did you find having a student card made things much cheaper.
227
Ah, yes and no. Things like cut price tickets to see films are fine, if that's what you like doing,
228
but I'd rather stay at home with a takeaway meal on my lap as I watch DVDs.
229
Now, they are something you can make quite a saving on, with some websites giving a percentage off if you're in full-time education.
230
The same goes for textbooks and other stuff you need.
231
I also saved a lot on long-distance coach fares, much more than going by train.
232
People talk about how a student rail card can save you money, but the fact is you get a better deal by booking your tickets in advance, like everyone else.
233
Did you go home during the holidays or stay in the Hall of Residence?
234
I went home at Easter, though unfortunately while I was away my room was broken into and my laptop's stolen.
235
Really?
236
Yes.
237
I shouldn't have left valuables there, I realise that now, especially as they weren't insured.
238
I'd assumed they'd be covered by my parents' policy, because I'd got them to extend their contents insurance to cover my things while I was away, but when I tried to claim,
239
I was told it only applied during term time.
240
The laptop was the biggest loss, both financially and in terms of losing all the study notes I had on it.
241
Not that there'd be any use to anyone else, even if they could access the file.
242
Her friend asked me why it was so easy for them to get into my room.
243
But the truth is there's not much you can do to keep determined thieves out when almost everybody's away.
244
Well, that must have been a shock for you.
245
Did you have to replace the laptop yourself?
246
Yes, and it was at that point I noticed I was spending too much overall.
247
It wasn't that I was splashing out on suits or shoes or anything like that, or going to expensive nightclubs or restaurants.
248
Actually, if my friends and I did go out, we'd usually just have a coffee somewhere and share a cab home, which actually worked out cheaper than taking the bus.
249
No, what was taking me over budget was paying back some cash I'd borrowed a few months earlier.
250
I got it from one of those money shops without working out the true interest rate.
251
Oh, so now you owed money.
252
How did you feel about that?
253
Well, in situations like that, it's always easy to say somebody should have warned you.
254
but really I had no one else to blame but myself.
255
I also knew that my family weren't in a financial position to come to my rescue
256
so it was up to me to sort it out.
257
I didn't doubt my ability to do
258
so as long as the people I owed money to kept their side of the agreement
259
and I had no reason to believe they wouldn't.
260
It all worked out in the end but it wasn't an experience I'd care to repeat.
261
What would you advise other students in that situation to do?
262
Firstly, to face up to reality.
263
There's no way the debt will go away, and there's no chance of talking lenders into charging you less interest on it,
264
so all you can do is find out the minimum amount they'll accept over how many months, make a deal on that basis and stick to it.
265
There's always a temptation to relieve the pressure by borrowing elsewhere and paying that back over a longer period, but all you're doing then is prolonging the situation.
266
Of course, to reduce any debt you've got to cut back on your spending, though I wouldn't recommend going without essentials.
267
Yes, you have to economise, but don't forget to eat.
268
Liam Callaghan, many thanks.
269
That's the end of part three.
270
Now turn to part four.
271
Part 4 consists of two tasks.
272
You'll hear five short extracts in which people are talking about unusual events they witnessed.
273
Look at task 1.
274
For questions 21 to 25, from the list A to H, the event each speaker is talking about.
275
Now look at task 2.
276
For questions 26 to 30, Choose from the list A to H what surprised each speaker most about the event.
277
While you listen, you must complete both tasks.
278
You now have 45 seconds to look at part 4.
279
Thank you.
280
surprised each speaker most about the event.
281
While you listen, you must complete both tasks.
282
You now have 45 seconds to look at part 4.
283
Speaker 1.
284
As I looked across the countryside, I saw that distinctive shape sweeping across the distant fields and then over the surface of the lake,
285
which at that time of the year was, of course, full.
286
There, it picked up huge quantities of water and then continued over land on its way.
287
It could have gone in any direction, but I'd had a strange feeling that it was coming after me,
288
and sure enough, it kept on heading my way, closer and closer.
289
I'd been expecting it to make a really deafening sound, but what struck me was the way it twisted across the open,
290
flat farmland in virtual silence.
291
And somehow that made it even more alarming.
292
Speaker 2 It was when I reached a point overlooking the valley that I saw it gradually moving east far below me,
293
consuming everything in its path.
294
as such intense ones always do.
295
It was quite a scary sight, though when I thought about it rationally, it seemed highly unlikely it would suddenly alter course and put me in danger.
296
But when it reached the bushes at the foot of the hill where I was standing, that was exactly what happened.
297
Fueled by the dry vegetation on the steep slope, it began racing towards me, and I fled back down the way I'd come to safety.
298
Later I was told they tend to accelerate when they spread uphill, on other occasions reaching homes on higher ground with tragic results.
299
Speaker 3 I suppose I should have been shocked when I saw for myself just how many square miles it covered,
300
and how dense were the clouds of smoke where attempts were being made to burn it off, but having previously studied satellite photos, I knew pretty much what to expect.
301
I still, though, felt deep sadness at the immense harm that sticky mess was causing to wildlife, both above and beneath the surface.
302
That feeling wasn't helped by my travelling companion reminding me of the depressing statistics in such cases.
303
But what really shook me was the figure he quoted for the frequency of such disasters, the majority of which the media are either unaware of or choose to ignore.
304
Apparently it runs into dozens every month."
305
Speaker 4 My friend Lauren and I were out walking in the hills on a hot,
306
sunny day when we noticed a kind of trembling under our feet, rather like when you're standing on a bridge and a lorry goes past.
307
But there were no vehicles in sight, no road or rail tunnels below us, and the nearest volcano was half a continent away.
308
Then Lauren said she'd seen a local press report about an oil company pumping liquid underground to extract oil and gas,
309
which caused huge sections of the rock to suddenly shift below that part of the countryside.
310
So that was the explanation, as apparently even the really major ones can be pretty quiet.
311
I was speechless.
312
Speaker 5 I'd heard warnings on the radio, so I was half expecting something like this to happen here,
313
but destruction on this kind of scale was not something I'd envisaged.
314
Trapped on the roof, I surveyed the dreadful scene around me.
315
Local landmarks, such as the flower gardens, were unrecognisable, and when eventually they reappeared, they would be covered in thick black mud.
316
Much worse, though, would be the effect on people's homes, where possessions would be soaked and ruined.
317
Other houses were burning, no doubt because of electrical appliances left switched on.
318
I did spot two firefighters rowing along a street, but their priority was to take the very young and the very old to safety,
319
not to try to put out fires.
320
Now you'll hear part four again.
321
Speaker 1 As I looked across the countryside,
322
I saw that distinctive shape sweeping across the distant fields and then over the surface of the lake, which at that time of the year was, of course, full.
323
There, it picked up huge quantities of water and then continued over land on its way.
324
It could have gone in any direction, but I'd had a strange feeling that it was coming after me.
325
And sure enough, it kept on heading my way, closer and closer.
326
I'd been expecting it to make a really deafening sound, but what struck me was the way it twisted across the open,
327
flat farmland in virtual silence.
328
And somehow that made it even more alarming.
329
Speaker 2 It was when I reached a point overlooking the valley that I saw it gradually moving east,
330
far below me, consuming everything in its path, as such intense ones always do.
331
It was quite a scary sight, though when I thought about it rationally, it seemed highly unlikely it would suddenly alter course and put me in danger.
332
But when it reached the bushes at the foot of the hill where I was standing, that was exactly what happened.
333
Fueled by the dry vegetation on the steep slope, it began racing towards me, and I fled back down the way I'd come to safety.
334
Later I was told they tend to accelerate when they spread uphill, on other occasions reaching homes on higher ground with tragic results.
335
Speaker 3 I suppose I should have been shocked when I saw for myself just how many square miles it covered,
336
and how dense were the clouds of smoke where attempts were being made to burn it off, but having previously studied satellite photos, I knew pretty much what to expect.
337
I still, though, felt deep sadness at the immense harm that sticky mess was causing to wildlife, both above and beneath the surface.
338
That feeling wasn't helped by my travelling companion reminding me of the depressing statistics in such cases.
339
But what really shook me was the figure he quoted for the frequency of such disasters, the majority of which the media are either unaware of or choose to ignore.
340
Apparently it runs into dozens every month.
341
Speaker 4 My friend Lauren and I were out walking in the hills on a hot,
342
sunny day, when we noticed a kind of trembling under our feet, rather like when you're standing on a bridge and a lorry goes past.
343
But there were no vehicles in sight, no road or rail tunnels below us, and the nearest volcano was half a continent away.
344
Then Lauren said she'd seen a local press report about an oil company pumping liquid underground to extract oil and gas,
345
which caused huge sections of the rock to suddenly shift below that part of the countryside.
346
So that was the explanation, as apparently even the really major ones can be pretty quiet.
347
I was speechless.
348
Speaker 5 I'd heard warnings on the radio, so I was half expecting something like this to happen here,
349
but destruction on this kind of scale was not something I'd envisaged.
350
Trapped on the roof, I surveyed the dreadful scene around me.
351
Local landmarks, such as the flower gardens, were unrecognisable, and when eventually they reappeared, they would be covered in thick black mud.
352
Much worse, though, would be the effect on people's homes where possessions would be soaked and ruined.
353
Other houses were burning, no doubt because of electrical appliances left switched on.
354
I did spot two firefighters rowing along a street, but their priority was to take the very young and the very old to safety,
355
not to try to put out fires.
356
That's the end of part four.
357
There'll now be a pause of five minutes for you to copy your answers onto the separate answer sheet
358
Be sure to follow the numbering of all the questions
359
I'll remind you when there's one minute left so that you're sure to finish in time
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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव
यह C1 स्तर का स्पीकिंग पाठ वीडियो “C1 Advanced (CAE) Listening Test 66 with answers” पर आधारित है। इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 359 वाक्य और 5430 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 38:55 लंबा है। वक्ता लगभग 140 शब्द प्रति मिनट की स्थिर गति से बोलता है, जो शैडोइंग के लिए आरामदायक है। 83% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं; बाकी शब्द अभ्यास से पहले देख लेना अच्छा रहेगा।
इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली
वीडियो के 15 सबसे कठिन शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:
| शब्द | उच्चारण | अर्थ |
|---|---|---|
| countryside संज्ञा | /ˈkʌn.tɹiˌsaɪd/ | देहात |
| metre संज्ञा | /ˈmiːtəɹ/ | मीटर |
| participant संज्ञा | /pɑːɹˈtɪsəpənt/ | भागी, भागिनी |
| slope संज्ञा | /sloʊp/ | ढाल |
| borrow क्रिया | /ˈbɑɹ.oʊ/ | उधार लेना |
| rainforest संज्ञा | /ˈɹeɪn.fɔɹ.ɪst/ | वर्षावन |
| colleague संज्ञा | /ˈkɒliːɡ/ | सहकर्मी, साथी |
| appliance संज्ञा | /əˈplaɪ.əns/ | उपकरण |
| firefighter संज्ञा | /ˈfaɪ.ɚˌfaɪ.tɚ/ | अग्निशमक |
| spectator संज्ञा | /spɛkˈteɪtə/ | दर्शक, ईक्षक |
| soak क्रिया | /soʊk/ | सोखना |
| lender संज्ञा | /ˈlɛn.dɚ/ | ऋणदाता, साहूकार |
| temptation संज्ञा | /ˌtɛmpˈteɪʃən/ | लुभाव, प्रलोभन |
| volcano संज्ञा | /vɑlˈkeɪ.noʊ/ | ज्वालामुखी |
| viewer संज्ञा | /ˈvju.ɚ/ | दर्शक, ईक्षक |
वीडियो में आने वाली फ़्रेज़ल वर्ब
| शब्द | उच्चारण | अर्थ |
|---|---|---|
| go ahead क्रिया | /ˌɡoʊ əˈhɛd/ | आगे बढ़ना |
| go out क्रिया | बाहर निकलना, निकलना | |
| pick up क्रिया | उठाना |
दोहराने लायक वाक्य
वीडियो के छोटे, पूरे वाक्य जिन्हें आप रोज़ की बातचीत में इस्तेमाल कर सकते हैं:
- You'll hear three different extracts.
- Anne, can you tell us why you're so opposed to this scheme?
- How did you decide which bank to choose?
- Did you have to replace the laptop yourself?
- How did you feel about that?
इस वीडियो का व्याकरण
वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:
| संरचना | वीडियो में |
|---|---|
| शर्त वाले वाक्य if + उपवाक्य, will/would + क्रिया — शर्त और उसका नतीजा | if this scheme doesn't go ahead, they'll find |
| Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — पहले शुरू हुआ काम जो अब भी जारी है | thing's been happening |
| Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है | was formed · have been covered · be replaced |
| Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी है | I've seen · they've now said · have argued |
ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण
वक्ता 119 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे I'd, wasn't, you're। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।
- “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: insure /ɪnˈʃʊɚ/, temptation /ˌtɛmpˈteɪʃən/, vegetation /ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/
- लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: participant /pɑːɹˈtɪsəpənt/, firefighter /ˈfaɪ.ɚˌfaɪ.tɚ/, accelerate /ɪkˈsɛl.əˌɹeɪt/, vegetation /ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/, historian /hɪˈstɔɹi.ən/
हिंदी भाषियों के लिए मुश्किल ध्वनियाँ:
- /v/ और /w/ का फ़र्क़ — /v/ में ऊपर के दाँत निचले होंठ को छूते हैं, /w/ में होंठ गोल होते हैं: overlook /ˈoʊ.vɚˌlʊk/, borrowing /ˈbɔrəwɪŋ/, volcano /vɑlˈkeɪ.noʊ/, viewer /ˈvju.ɚ/, vegetation /ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/
- शब्द की शुरुआत में s + व्यंजन — पहले “इ” न जोड़ें: slope /sloʊp/, steep /stiːp/, spectator /spɛkˈteɪtə/, sticky /ˈstɪki/, sweep /swiːp/
- /æ/ — “ऐ” से ज़्यादा खुला: extract /ˈɛkstɹækt/, narrator /ˈnæˌɹeɪ.təɹ/, sadness /ˈsædnəs/, magnificent /mæɡˈnɪfəsənt/, tragic /ˈtɹæd͡ʒɪk/
इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें
- पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
- सामान्य गति पर एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें और हर वाक्य तब तक दोहराएँ जब तक आपकी लय वक्ता से न मिल जाए।
- अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर countryside, metre, participant जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।