शैडोइंग अभ्यास: Cybersecurity Architecture: Five Principles to Follow (and One to Avoid) - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
पाठ बनाया जा रहा है...
1
With the rise of cyber attacks and data breaches, it's never been more important to make sure that your organization is protected against hackers.
2
This series is about cybersecurity architecture, and we're going to talk about two different areas: fundamentals, where we're going to go through
3
and discover what some of the principles of cybersecurity are that need to be applied to everything that you do.
4
And then the second part is on various cybersecurity domains.
5
Here, we're going to explore how to identify vulnerabilities implement best practices,
6
and defend against a wide range of cyber threats through an all -encompassing cybersecurity architecture.
7
By the way, I'm an adjunct professor at NC State University, and there I teach a 400 level course on enterprise security architecture.
8
This video series is based upon that course.
9
The bad news is you won't get college credit for watching these videos.
10
The good news is-- No homework and no exams, so yay.
11
All right.
12
Let's get started with cybersecurity fundamentals.
13
All right, we want to start with five security principles that you absolutely should do and one that you never should do.
14
So stay tuned to the end to find out what that one is.
15
The first one we're going to talk about is this notion of defense in depth.
16
Defense in depth is trying to create an obstacle course, a difficulty for the bad guy.
17
So if we take a look at an old security model, The castle.
18
Well, the castle was designed with thick tall walls to keep the good guys on the inside
19
and the bad guys on the outside.
20
And it worked pretty well until you realize the good guys sometimes needed to come out.
21
And therefore we needed to put a door on this thing.
22
Well, the door then became a vulnerability and so we would try to reinforce it and then maybe put a moat.
23
around the whole thing because that made it even harder.
24
And then the door with a drawbridge.
25
So now we've got a moat which is harder to cross.
26
We've got the thick tall walls.
27
And maybe we even added an angry dog here on this side.
28
Something to give a system of security mechanisms because defense in depth is all about not relying on any single security mechanism.
29
to keep the system safe.
30
Now let's move and transition into a modern security example.
31
Here we've got a user who is on a workstation, who's going to go across a network to get to a web server, which is going to hit an app server,
32
which is ultimately going to hit a database.
33
Now what would we do for defense in depth in this example?
34
Well, one thing I might do here is I might add multi -factor authentication.
35
That is a system where I make sure
36
that this user is who they are because I'm asking them for something they have, something they are, something they know, some combination of those kinds of things.
37
Now how about over here?
38
I might do, if it's a mobile device or an endpoint of some sort,
39
mobile device management, endpoint device management software, things like that.
40
We might also add something like an EDR, which is sort of a next generation antivirus,
41
an endpoint detection and response capability to make sure that this platform is secure.
42
Then from a network standpoint, well, I'm going to add in firewalls.
43
to keep the web server secure from the outside
44
and also allows only traffic that I choose to allow to get back to these more sensitive zones.
45
And then for the app server and the web server, I might do some testing,
46
some vulnerability testing on those so that I make sure that those systems are not vulnerable to attack.
47
And then ultimately, I'm going to take the data back here and I'm going to encrypt it.
48
lock it up, put access controls around it.
49
So you can see what I've done here is there's no single security mechanism that is protecting this thing.
50
If any one of these fails, the rest of the system still works.
51
And that's the idea that we're after here.
52
So if you think about it this way, we've got no single point of failure.
53
We're trying to avoid single points of failure.
54
And we want a system that ultimately, if it fails, it fails safe.
55
That's what we're trying to get and that's what the old model and the new model of securities were designed to do.
56
The second principle we're going to review is the principle of least privilege.
57
Principle of least privilege basically says I'm only going to give access rights to people that need that,
58
that are authorized and needed in order to do their job and can justify it, and for only as long as they need that access right.
59
For instance, in this example, I've got three users This guy is not really have a business need, so we don't give it to him.
60
The other guys get the access right.
61
They can prove their need.
62
And the other thing is, even for these guys, the clock is ticking.
63
I'm not going to give them this access right in perpetuity forever.
64
we're going to constantly be going back and making sure that they still need that capability.
65
If they don't, we're going to remove it from them as well.
66
Now another notion in the principle of least privilege is hardening a system.
67
Let's say we've got a web server like this.
68
And the web server out of the box, default configuration is that it runs HTTP of course because we need that in order to do web traffic.
69
But let's say it also turns on an FTP server.
70
and SSH service so that I can log in remotely.
71
Well, there's some things that I might look at and say, "Okay, do I really need this FTP server?
72
If it turns out I'm not going to use it, I should remove that service entirely.
73
In the SSH, if I'm not planning to use it, remove it entirely.
74
because every single one of these services is potentially expanding our attack surface and making us more vulnerable.
75
Another example of hardening is to remove all of the unnecessary IDs
76
that are on the system and change the names of the IDs that we do keep from their defaults.
77
So for instance, if the administrator ID on this system out of the box as it's configured is admin, Let's change that.
78
Let's make it something more specific.
79
and I'll name it after me or give it some other name, change all the default passwords.
80
We don't want this thing in just a vanilla configuration
81
because the bad guys will know what that is and they'll know how to break in.
82
Another example is this idea of privilege creep.
83
Let me illustrate that.
84
Let's say there's two people that work for the company and each one of these are access rights that they have.
85
So this guy is able to do these things, he can do the same things because they perform essentially the same role.
86
Now this guy gets a promotion and a new job and new responsibilities.
87
Well, he goes to the administrator and says, "Okay, now I'm doing my new job.
88
I need you to add to my capabilities." and these are the things I need.
89
The administrator gives him those and then also says, "You know what?
90
Just in case, I think you're going to probably need this, let me give you that as well.
91
That way you won't have to come back and ask again.
92
or "come back and bother me" is what he really means.
93
The problem with this is, just in case is just the opposite of principle of least privilege.
94
In fact, what we should be doing is running an annual recertification campaign. at least annual.
95
Some organizations do it more frequently than that.
96
And in research, I go back and look at all of my users
97
and all of their access rights and make sure they still have a justified need.
98
So this person still doing the same job, still needs all of that, great, they keep it.
99
This guy, though, no longer needs this capability because his new job doesn't require it, so we're taking it away.
100
And this thing that he got just in case, we're taking that away too.
101
So what we're trying to do with the principle of least
102
privilege is to give only the access rights you need for as long as you need them hardened systems, we're going to eliminate privilege creep,
103
and we're going to eliminate the just -in -case principle.
104
Our third principle to keep in mind with cybersecurity is this notion of separation of duties.
105
That is, we won't have any single point of control.
106
In fact, what we're trying to do is force collusion by two bad actors
107
or more than two bad actors in order to compromise the system.
108
But no single person can create the compromise.
109
So an example in the physical world would be
110
if I had two people here and I've got a door with two locks on it.
111
and this guy has a key to this lock, And this guy has a key to this lock.
112
and What it is is now if he uses his key to open the door, He still can't open the door.
113
He can't open the door alone.
114
But the two of them together cooperating can in fact open the door.
115
So there's no single point of control.
116
Therefore, we have a separation of duties.
117
Now, taking a look at another example here, let's say in an IT case, here's a requester and this user wants access to this database.
118
So he's going to ask for that.
119
He's going to send in his request, but then there's an approver who's going to have to take action on it and say yes or no, based upon whether we think they should have it or not.
120
Then if they get the approval, then they're given the action that they want.
121
You know, whatever it is, the funds transfer, the access to the database, the package delivered, whatever it happens to be.
122
But notice the point here.
123
This person, The requester is not the same as the approver.
124
they cannot be the same person because if it was, if I could request and approve my own request, then there is no separation of duties.
125
So again, what we're trying to do with this is create
126
a necessary case for collusion which is hard to do
127
because it's hard for lots of people to work together and keep a good secret.
128
And what we're trying to avoid is this single point of control.
129
The fourth security principle that we're going to talk about is secure by design.
130
In other words, it shouldn't be an afterthought that we put security in.
131
Think of it this way.
132
If you were designing a building in an earthquake zone, you want to make this building able to stand the pressure.
133
So, you don't go build the building and then after it's all done, go back and say, "Now let's make it earthquake proof." No,
134
you want to do that from start to finish all the way from design through completion.
135
So let's take a look at an IT example.
136
So when we have a project, you know, we will tend to start off with requirements stage.
137
We'll go then into design.
138
We'll code the thing, then we'll install whatever it is that we've written.
139
then we'll test it out and then we'll promote it to production.
140
And then in theory, we should feed that loop back and continue the continuous development process that way.
141
Well, what we don't want to do
142
is what too many people do in these cases and they wait until really about this phase to do security.
143
Once it's already out there, security can't just be a bolt on that you do at the end.
144
In fact, It needs to be something that we're doing throughout pervasively.
145
We look at the security aspects of the requirements, we build security into the design, We're thinking about secure coding principles all along the path.
146
When we install, we do it on a secure system.
147
We're testing and guarding that test data and then in production obviously we keep testing.
148
So security is something we do throughout But it doesn't begin here.
149
It begins in these phases.
150
That's what we're really looking for here.
151
Now if you think about another example, let's say Whose job is security?
152
Well, it's really everyone.
153
Here we have a designer, an administrator, and a user.
154
So really, all of them are responsible for security in one way or another.
155
But who does the job begin with?
156
Well, it begins with this guy right here.
157
We need to make sure that he is designing security in.
158
In other words, what we're trying to do is make security start to finish, And we want secure by design means it's secure out of the box.
159
That's the way we'd like it to be.
160
Now sometimes we're going to have to do some configuration changes to make it more secure, but This is the goal that we're trying to shoot for.
161
Secure by design, secure out of the box.
162
Our fifth security principle is the KISS principle.
163
It stands for Keep It Simple Stupid.
164
In other words, we don't want to make it harder than necessary
165
because that will make it easier for the bad guys and harder for the good guys.
166
To give you an example, we're trying to create some level of complexity so that it's not easy for the bad guy to get in.
167
But a lot of times the security department will create this complex maze of things
168
that the good guys essentially have to go through.
169
And what happens in that case is I start in here, okay, I log in, now I have to traverse and eventually I'm like,
170
"I'm at a dead end." Okay, maybe let's try this again.
171
You know what?
172
It's too much trouble to do what the security department has asked me to do.
173
I'm just going to subvert this and I'm going to end up doing it that way, which is of course not what we're after.
174
So the lesson here is if we make it harder to do the right thing than it is to do the
175
the wrong thing, People are going to do the wrong thing.
176
So we need to be able to make the system secure, but also as simple as possible.
177
So keep it simple stupid.
178
Here's an example of how we do this in security departments for real.
179
We'll come up with password rules.
180
So we'll say, "This is your password." and it equals this.
181
And it's this because we created a complex set of rules that say, you have to start with an upper case, then you follow with a lower case, then you need a special character,
182
then you need to throw in some numbers, and then you have to have some mixture of upper and lower case and special characters and all this kind of stuff, and it has to be really long.
183
And by the way, We need lots of these.
184
You're going to have a different one on every system and I'm going to make you change it on a frequent basis.
185
That's this.
186
That's what the user sees, is a complex maze.
187
And they're going to find a way to do this.
188
And what they're going to do is find one password
189
and write it down and set all their systems equal to the same thing, which is again, not what we were after.
190
So what we want to do is Understand complexity is the enemy of security.
191
So we want to make the system just complex enough to keep the bad guys out, but not so complex that it's hard for the good guys to do what they need to do.
192
For instance, you might have noticed, well, what about defense in depth, which I talked about up here?
193
There might be some conflict in that
194
because there we're trying to set a system of security mechanisms in place to put an obstacle course for the bad guy.
195
We want that obstacle course to be for the bad guy, not for the good guy.
196
All right, now we've gone over five security principles that you should always observe.
197
And now the big reveal the security principle you should never observe and that is security by obscurity.
198
that is relying on some sort of secret knowledge in order to make the system safe.
199
It turns out that secrecy and security are not the same thing.
200
In fact, what we want is a system that is open and observable
201
And this guy called Kirchhoff came up with what's now known as Kirchhoff's principle, which basically describes that.
202
He was specifically talking about a crypto system
203
and he said basically a crypto system should be secure if you know every single thing about it except for the key.
204
In other words, the key is the only secret in the whole system.
205
Now, why would this be an issue?
206
Well, it turns out a lot of people, and you should, whenever you hear this, you should run, not walk, but run away.
207
When you hear somebody say, I've invented a crypto system that's proprietary, and it will take your clear text, you feed it into my...
208
algorithm along with a key and then it will produce from clear text to ciphertext.
209
Okay, great.
210
The problem is this is a black box.
211
I can't see how it's working.
212
And if the individual says it's unbreakable, I've been hacking at it for weeks, months, years.
213
All that means is the inventor couldn't find a way to break it.
214
But that's not the same thing as the whole world given access would in fact break this.
215
And in fact, given time, they will, even if it is a black box.
216
History has shown that to be the case.
217
So what we want is not black box security, We want class box security.
218
So in this case, what we have is the clear text goes into a crypto algorithm which we understand.
219
It's been published.
220
In fact, if you look at the good crypto algorithms that we rely on today, it's things like AES, the Advanced Encryption Standard, and RSA.
221
These are algorithms that everyone that wants to know how they work can look it up and see.
222
And the secrecy, therefore the security, doesn't come from some secret knowledge of how this thing works.
223
It's able to produce ciphertext from cleartext without having to keep this part secret.
224
The only secret is the key and that's what we want.
225
We do the same kind of things when we talk about secure operating systems or secure applications or things like that,
226
as long as the security is based on secrecy, It's not really something that we can rely on.
227
Before you leave, don't forget to hit subscribe.
228
That way you won't miss the next installment of the Cybersecurity Architecture series.
📺 उसी चैनल से
C12
What is Event Driven Architecture (EDA)?
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
What Is Jev? The AI Model That Doesn't Generate Text
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C18
AI, Machine Learning, Deep Learning and Generative AI Explained
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
Spec-Driven Development: AI Assisted Coding Explained
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C15
AI Agents vs Business Rules: Which Should Make Decisions?
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
AI & Education: Generative AI & the Future of Critical Thinking
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
EDR vs. EPP vs. NGAV
Business EnglishWorking Adults
C13
MCP vs ADK: How Modern AI Agents Connect and Work Together
University StudentsWorking Adults
C11
Cybersecurity Architecture: Data Security
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C113
The 7 Skills You Need to Build AI Agents
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C118
How Smart Organizations Will Use AI: Jevons Paradox & Workforce Impact
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C111
What are AI Agents?
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
Zero Trust Explained in 4 mins
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
✨ अनुशंसित वीडियो
C11
126 वाक्य
How I use AI as a senior software engineer and 5 principles of AI explained in 10 minutes
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
158 वाक्य
OWASP Top 10 Explained
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
180 वाक्य
Armchair Architects: Resiliency in the Cloud – Core Patterns
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
30 वाक्य
The Art of War by Sun Tzu | Main Ideas
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
265 वाक्य
How I Would Start Cybersecurity in 2026 (If Starting From Zero)
Business EnglishInterview EnglishUniversity Students
C130 वाक्य
7 Phases of Penetration Testing Explained | Think your system is safe? #cybersecurity #pentesting
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1101 वाक्य
BGP Overview
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
162 वाक्य
Crypto Agility Explained: Protect Data from Quantum Computing Threats
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
60 वाक्य
Course Preview | SC-100 | Microsoft Cybersecurity Architect
Cambridge Exam PrepBusiness EnglishUniversity Students
C13
173 वाक्य
STOP Running Code On Your Computer
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
110 वाक्य
Architect Steven Harris’ 5 Non-Negotiables When Designing His Own Home (Design Masterclass)
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
यह वीडियो किसके लिए है?
इस वीडियो को उन सभी के लिए बनाया गया है जो साइबर सुरक्षा के क्षेत्र में रुचि रखते हैं, चाहे वे विद्यार्थी हों, पेशेवर हों या नई तकनीकों के प्रति उत्सुक लोग। यदि आप अंग्रेजी बोलने का अभ्यास करना चाहते हैं और साथ ही साथ तकनीकी शब्दावली को समझना चाहते हैं, तो यह वीडियो आपके लिए बेहद फायदेमंद साबित होगा। इस वीडियो के माध्यम से आप न केवल सुरक्षा के सिद्धांतों को समझ पाएंगे, बल्कि अपनी अंग्रेजी उच्चारण में सुधार भी कर सकेंगे।
शब्द और मुहावरे जो चुराने लायक हैं
इस वीडियो में कई आकर्षक और उपयोगी शब्दों और मुहावरों का उपयोग किया गया है। इनमें से कुछ प्रमुख शब्द हैं:
- "Defense in depth": यह एक सुरक्षा सिद्धांत है जिसमें कई सुरक्षा स्तरों का उपयोग किया जाता है ताकि हमलावरों के लिए बाधाएँ बनाई जा सकें।
- "Principle of least privilege": यह सिद्धांत कहता है कि केवल उन्हीं व्यक्तियों को एक्सेस अधिकार दिए जाने चाहिए जो अपनी नौकरी करने के लिए आवश्यक हैं।
- "Multifactor authentication (MFA)": यह एक प्रणाली है जो उपयोगकर्ता की पहचान की पुष्टि करने के लिए कई तरीकों का उपयोग करती है।
इन शब्दों का प्रयोग करते समय अपने उच्चारण पर विशेष ध्यान दें, ताकि आप बेहतर संवाद कर सकें।
उच्चारण सही कैसे करें
वीडियो में प्रस्तुतकर्ता का उच्चारण स्पष्ट और सटीक है, जो आपको अपने अंग्रेजी उच्चारण में सुधार करने में मदद कर सकता है। सुनने के दौरान नीचे दिए गए सुझावों का पालन करें:
- वीडियो को ध्यानपूर्वक सुनें और प्रस्तुतकर्ता की आवाज़ और लहजे का अनुकरण करें।
- महत्वपूर्ण वाक्यांशों का अंग्रेजी शैडोइंग करें। यह विधि आपको सही उच्चारण और इन्फ्लेक्शन सीखने में मदद करेगी।
- अभ्यास के लिए shadowing site का उपयोग करें, जिससे आप विभिन्न उच्चारण शैलियों का अभ्यास कर सकें।
याद रखें, लगातार अभ्यास से ही आप अपने अंग्रेजी उच्चारण में सुधार कर सकते हैं। इसलिए, हर दिन थोड़ा-थोड़ा करके सीखें और अभ्यास करें।
इस वीडियो का व्याकरण
वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:
| संरचना | वीडियो में |
|---|---|
| Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है | is protected · be applied · is based |
| Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी है | I've done · we've written · has asked |
| Relative clauses who / which + उपवाक्य — व्यक्ति या वस्तु के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारी | moat which is · server, which is · EDR, which is |
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।