शैडोइंग अभ्यास: Intellectual Property: Copyrights - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें

अभ्यास मोड चुनें

हर मोड पूरी स्क्रीन का अभ्यास कक्ष खोलता है।

69 वाक्य
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Copyright is the right to stop others from copying or performing or using or selling your creative work.
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Copyright can exist in a lot of different work products, certainly in software, in your code code.
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That can be copyrighted.
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Obviously, music and movies, these are all copyrighted novels, works of art.
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To protect your copyrights, you have the option of registering it.
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It's not essential, but it gives you advantages, and we'll talk about those advantages.
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Filing a registration does give you some advantages, some statutory advantages in the area of enforceability.
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You can't sue anyone for copyright infringement unless you have registered.
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In addition, statutory damages don't begin to accrue unless and until you've registered your copyright.
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So think about it.
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If it's a critical point of your technology, you might want to go to the trouble of registering your copyright.
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What is copyrightable?
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It doesn't take much to be copyrightable.
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It has to be original and it has to be creative.
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What isn't copyrightable is mere sweat of the brow.
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Simply compiling a list of everyone who attended the Ohio State Fair on Tuesday is not copyrightable.
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How you present that list might be.
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The term of copyright, the duration of copyright is just amazingly long
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and it's been lengthened by the Congress a couple of times over the years.
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It lasts for the life of the author plus 70 years.
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That is a long time.
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It's more important perhaps in some artistic works.
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Mickey and Minnie are very glad that the copyright statute has extended the term of copyright protection a couple of times.
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They've been primary beneficiaries of that.
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This is very hard to study and search in advance.
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Probably it's going to come out of the blue.
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Someone will accuse you of having infringed their copyright.
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Copyright infringement comes in a lot of different flavors.
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If it happens, look at your development process for the copyrighted material or the material that somebody alleges is copyrighted.
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Now copyright infringement is not like patents.
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Patents, you can infringe a patent if you knew nothing about it.
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Copyright's different.
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You only infringe a copyright if you actually copy the work.
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So you put their design in front of you and you do your design from theirs and it looks the same.
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That's probably infringement of their copyright.
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But if you came up with a design on your own, that's not copyright infringement.
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You didn't copy.
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If in fact it turns out that you did copy their work, once again maybe you just removed the work.
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Remember, copyright only covers the expression, not the underlying idea.
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You may need to rewrite some code, you may need to rewrite some literature.
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Even if it does turn out that you're using somebody else's copyright at work, we're not done yet.
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There are defenses to copyright infringement, and one of the best known is fair use.
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Fair use is a very amorphous defense to copyright infringement, but it can be broad in the right circumstances.
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If you're making a minimal use of copyrighted work, it may very well be fair use.
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If you're using it in parity, it may very well be fair use.
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Complicated area, I just want you to understand that because somebody accuses you of copyright infringement, and even if it turns out that you've got their content in your work,
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stop, take a breath, think about some of the defenses that are available, including especially fair use.
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What you want to keep is drafts of works that you created.
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Remember, the argument in a copyright infringement allegation is that you copied somebody else's work.
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Well, if you've got drafts going back over a period of time showing
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that you developed the materials yourself and showing perhaps what source materials you did work from,
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this is going to be a very powerful defense against the allegation that you copied their work.
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Remember, copying requires actual copying.
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It isn't sufficient that something is similar.
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So if you can show that you developed your work from a different path and didn't simply copy their work,
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that's a defense to the allegation that you've infringed their copyright.
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Now, an important point, open source code.
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Code writers use it all the time.
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It's a major asset is a major tool.
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However, remember, open source code comes with its own licensing terms.
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And the most troublesome of these can be
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that the incorporation of open source code into a larger piece of code can render
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that entire larger product subject to the open source code licensing terms, which means that anyone can copy it and use it.
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That's probably not what you want.
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So be very careful about incorporating open source code into your code.
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And be aware that there are products out there
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that will help people search code that's available on the market for open source code to determine whether
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or not it is now subject to the open source code licensing terms.
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So, it's wonderful to have opportunities, and you have an opportunity to protect the intellectual property that your company is creating.

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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव

इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 69 वाक्य और 851 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 4:57 लंबा है। वक्ता लगभग 172 शब्द प्रति मिनट की स्वाभाविक गति से बोलता है, जो रोज़मर्रा की बातचीत के करीब है। 84% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं; बाकी शब्द अभ्यास से पहले देख लेना अच्छा रहेगा।

इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली

वीडियो के 15 सीखने लायक शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:

शब्दउच्चारणअर्थ
copyright संज्ञा/ˈkɑpiˌɹaɪt/कॉपीराइट, स्वत्वाधिकार
patent संज्ञा/ˈpeɪtənt/पेटेंट, पेटेण्ट
allegation संज्ञा/ˌæl.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən/आरोप, अभियोग
accuse क्रिया/əˈkjuz/आरोप लगाना
complicated विशेषण/ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/जटिल, पेचीदा
registration संज्ञा/ˌɹɛd͡ʒ.ɪˈstɹeɪ.ʃən/पंजीकरण
sufficient/səˈfɪʃənt/पर्याप्त
intellectual विशेषण/ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃʊəl/बौद्धिक
breathe क्रिया/bɹiːð/सांस लेना
asset संज्ञा/ˈæsɛt/आस्ति
artistic विशेषण/ɑɹˈtɪs.tɪk/कलापूर्ण
sweat क्रिया/swɛt/पसीजना
minimal विशेषण/ˈmɪn.ə.məl/न्यूनतम
flavor संज्ञा/ˈfleɪvə/स्वाद, सुवास
theirs/ðɛɚz/उनका

इस वीडियो का व्याकरण

वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:

संरचनावीडियो में
Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी हैhave registered · you've registered · it's been lengthened
Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता हैcan be copyrighted · been lengthened · is copyrighted
Relative clauses who / which + उपवाक्य — व्यक्ति या वस्तु के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारीeveryone who attended · terms, which means

ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण

वक्ता 17 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे you've, you're, didn't। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।

  • “th” की ध्वनियाँ: breathe /bɹiːð/, theirs /ðɛɚz/, lengthen /ˈlɛŋθən/
  • “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: allegation /ˌæl.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən/, registration /ˌɹɛd͡ʒ.ɪˈstɹeɪ.ʃən/, sufficient /səˈfɪʃənt/, duration /dʒʊˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, beneficiary /ˌbɛn.ɪˈfɪʃ.ɚ.i/
  • लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: allegation /ˌæl.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən/, statutory /ˈstæt͡ʃəˌtɔɹi/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, registration /ˌɹɛd͡ʒ.ɪˈstɹeɪ.ʃən/, intellectual /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃʊəl/

इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें

  1. पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
  2. 0.75× गति से शुरू करें, एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें, और सहज लगने पर सामान्य गति पर लौटें।
  3. अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर copyright, patent, allegation जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।

शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?

शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।

शैडोइंग तकनीक: पूरी चरण-दर-चरण गाइड पढ़ें →