Практика Shadowing: Intellectual Property: Copyrights - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

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Copyright is the right to stop others from copying or performing or using or selling your creative work.
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Copyright can exist in a lot of different work products, certainly in software, in your code code.
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That can be copyrighted.
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Obviously, music and movies, these are all copyrighted novels, works of art.
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To protect your copyrights, you have the option of registering it.
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It's not essential, but it gives you advantages, and we'll talk about those advantages.
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Filing a registration does give you some advantages, some statutory advantages in the area of enforceability.
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You can't sue anyone for copyright infringement unless you have registered.
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In addition, statutory damages don't begin to accrue unless and until you've registered your copyright.
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So think about it.
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If it's a critical point of your technology, you might want to go to the trouble of registering your copyright.
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What is copyrightable?
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It doesn't take much to be copyrightable.
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It has to be original and it has to be creative.
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What isn't copyrightable is mere sweat of the brow.
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Simply compiling a list of everyone who attended the Ohio State Fair on Tuesday is not copyrightable.
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How you present that list might be.
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The term of copyright, the duration of copyright is just amazingly long
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and it's been lengthened by the Congress a couple of times over the years.
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It lasts for the life of the author plus 70 years.
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That is a long time.
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It's more important perhaps in some artistic works.
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Mickey and Minnie are very glad that the copyright statute has extended the term of copyright protection a couple of times.
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They've been primary beneficiaries of that.
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This is very hard to study and search in advance.
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Probably it's going to come out of the blue.
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Someone will accuse you of having infringed their copyright.
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Copyright infringement comes in a lot of different flavors.
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If it happens, look at your development process for the copyrighted material or the material that somebody alleges is copyrighted.
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Now copyright infringement is not like patents.
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Patents, you can infringe a patent if you knew nothing about it.
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Copyright's different.
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You only infringe a copyright if you actually copy the work.
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So you put their design in front of you and you do your design from theirs and it looks the same.
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That's probably infringement of their copyright.
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But if you came up with a design on your own, that's not copyright infringement.
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You didn't copy.
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If in fact it turns out that you did copy their work, once again maybe you just removed the work.
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Remember, copyright only covers the expression, not the underlying idea.
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You may need to rewrite some code, you may need to rewrite some literature.
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Even if it does turn out that you're using somebody else's copyright at work, we're not done yet.
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There are defenses to copyright infringement, and one of the best known is fair use.
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Fair use is a very amorphous defense to copyright infringement, but it can be broad in the right circumstances.
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If you're making a minimal use of copyrighted work, it may very well be fair use.
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If you're using it in parity, it may very well be fair use.
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Complicated area, I just want you to understand that because somebody accuses you of copyright infringement, and even if it turns out that you've got their content in your work,
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stop, take a breath, think about some of the defenses that are available, including especially fair use.
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What you want to keep is drafts of works that you created.
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Remember, the argument in a copyright infringement allegation is that you copied somebody else's work.
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Well, if you've got drafts going back over a period of time showing
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that you developed the materials yourself and showing perhaps what source materials you did work from,
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this is going to be a very powerful defense against the allegation that you copied their work.
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Remember, copying requires actual copying.
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It isn't sufficient that something is similar.
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So if you can show that you developed your work from a different path and didn't simply copy their work,
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that's a defense to the allegation that you've infringed their copyright.
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Now, an important point, open source code.
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Code writers use it all the time.
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It's a major asset is a major tool.
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However, remember, open source code comes with its own licensing terms.
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And the most troublesome of these can be
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that the incorporation of open source code into a larger piece of code can render
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that entire larger product subject to the open source code licensing terms, which means that anyone can copy it and use it.
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That's probably not what you want.
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So be very careful about incorporating open source code into your code.
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And be aware that there are products out there
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that will help people search code that's available on the market for open source code to determine whether
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or not it is now subject to the open source code licensing terms.
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So, it's wonderful to have opportunities, and you have an opportunity to protect the intellectual property that your company is creating.

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Цели разговорной практики для этого клипа

Этот видеоклип поможет вам улучшить навык разговора на английском в контексте делового и юридического общения. Цель — освоить чёткую, убедительную речь при обсуждении сложных тем, таких как интеллектуальная собственность. Вы научитесь выражать идеи структурированно, что важно для достижения уверенности в профессиональных диалогах. И помните: даже сложные темы можно освоить с помощью shadowing английский — техники повторения речи за носителем, которая быстро повышает флуентность!

Банк фраз

  • "Copyright is the right to stop others from copying..." — Удобная структура для определений: "Правообладание — это право запрещать другим копировать...".
  • "It doesn't take much to be copyrightable" — Отличная фраза для объяснения простоты условий: "Для того чтобы объект был защищённым авторским правом, не нужно много".
  • "Copyright only covers the expression, not the underlying idea" — Ключевая формулировка для юридических диалогов: "Авторское право защищает только форму выражения, а не саму идею".
  • "There are defenses to copyright infringement" — Полезная фраза для аргументации: "Существуют способы защиты от обвинений в нарушении авторского права".

Эти фразы можно использовать не только в юридических дискуссиях, но и в любых разговорах о правах на творческие работы. Практикуйте их с shadow speak — повторяйте за видео, копируя интонацию и ритм!

Исправляем слабые места

Основная сложность в этом клипе — правильная произношение длинных слов и фраз, таких как "copyright infringement" (нарушение авторского права) или "statutory damages" (статутарные убытки). Используйте технику shadowing: запоминайте, как носитель подчёркивает ударения и паузы. Также обратите внимание на ритм: в английском языке важна альтернатива сильных и слабых syllables. Для тренировки подойдёт любой shadowing site, где вы можете повторять фразы в реальном времени. Памятите: даже маленькие упражнения каждый день дадут быстрые результаты. Учиться английский по видео — это эффективно, весело и даёт реальные прогресс!

Грамматика в этом видео

Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:

КонструкцияВ видео
Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчасhave registered · you've registered · it's been lengthened
Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делаетcan be copyrighted · been lengthened · is copyrighted
Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предметеeveryone who attended · terms, which means

Что такое техника Shadowing?

Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.

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