शैडोइंग अभ्यास: Does America have a gun problem? | 60 Minutes Australia - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
अभ्यास मोड चुनें
हर मोड पूरी स्क्रीन का अभ्यास कक्ष खोलता है।
229 वाक्य
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Take a moment and listen to these numbers.
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Since the shocking mass shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School last December, which saw the deaths of 20 little children,
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there have been more than 6,000 people killed by a gun in America.
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Yes, 6,000.
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In fact, by the time our program is over tonight, another three Americans will be shot dead.
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With numbers like these, it would be reasonable to expect the U.S would be doing everything it could to reduce its citizens' access to firearms.
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Well, I've just traveled across America and found quite the opposite.
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Let's take a big world view.
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Where innocent people are forced into unarmed helplessness, they are slaughtered.
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Where innocent people have the right to keep and bear arms, they survive.
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And evil loses.
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Pick one.
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From the porch on his property in Texas, rock star Ted Nugent is preparing for battle.
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Why do you need an assault rifle?
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Why can't we at least get rid of those?
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They were designed for war.
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Why is there an obsession to hang on to all of these weapons?
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You have been so brainwashed.
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Do you have more than one TV?
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How dare you?
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What would you need that for?
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So just quit with the need crap.
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Are you kidding me?
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So I refuse to answer your question that you think you might know what I might need.
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Welcome to the world, according to Tim.
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Where as a hunter and shooting enthusiast, guns for he and his wife, Charmaine, are part of everyday life.
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And I think you would experience the unbridled joy that I get from brass rainbows if you did have a machine gun.
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But if you don't want one, don't get one.
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Ted's passion for guns is as big as his voice is loud.
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Somebody's still shooting in sight.
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These are number nine.
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And recent massacres in America, including at the Colorado Movie Theatre...
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The school has been locked down.
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..and Sandy Hook Elementary School...
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I was in the gym and I heard, like, seven loud booms.
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..have only made him louder.
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The facts are that mentally ill people get guns and they kill people.
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There is something wrong with the law, which involves guns, surely, that allows that to happen happen.
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You can't tell me that you would restrict all those millions,
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hundreds of millions of law-abiding citizens capability to defend themselves because of the few instances where maniacs or criminals abuse that tool.
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But the fact is there truly have been 62 massacres in the last 20 years in America.
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Surely they could have been drastically reduced
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if the gun laws were tightened you are so beautiful
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and wrong I'm telling you you have no evidence you have there exists no evidence on planet earth
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that this fantasy this feel-good dream that somehow if we can just get rid of the water, the drownings will stop.
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Or, just insert, we can just get rid of the guns and the violence will stop.
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You've got to be kidding me.
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And when I bring it up, I'm going to bring it up to eye level.
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It's not just Ted Nugent fighting for firearms.
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The revolver's a little bit different.
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These women are also passionate about pistols.
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Now we're going to bring our guns up to eye level.
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For them, it's about protecting their families.
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Liz, if you could bend forward just from the waist a little bit.
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There you go.
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Ooh, nice forward position.
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I like it.
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Tonight, suburban housewives of Virginia have joined the pistol-packing ladies' class.
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Release that magazine and drop it.
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Where former Marine Theresa O'Vale teaches them how to handle a gun.
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Remember to pull it back and let it go.
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You want that round to be firmly seated.
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So they're not thinking I should get some mace.
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They're not thinking I should have a better security system.
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They're thinking I should get a gun.
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Well, those other options are things they may be considering, but a gun can offer you a little bit more protection for a mace.
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I mean, when you have a can of mace, it only goes so far.
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But if somebody's coming at me quickly and I have practiced my gun handling, I can defend myself.
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The flashbang secures to the center of your bra.
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Ironically, America's recent gun massacres have seen more people buying guns.
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Nothing comes between a woman and her gun.
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And women are now the fastest growing group of gun owners in America.
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More than 30 million have a firearm, and often with matching accessories.
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Are we being a little flippant when we encourage women to buy, you know, a matching holster?
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Well, I don't think so.
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I think a gun is a weapon, it's a tool if you practice it, and it's your choice to carry it.
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However, I think a woman accessorizes with a purse, with a pair of sunglasses.
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A woman might want a pink gun, and I think it's neat that they offer a pink gun.
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I have two.
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You have two pink guns?
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I have two pink guns.
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Got it?
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Is it big?
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All right.
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But it's not just women children are also being taught how to handle a gun.
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Good job!
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Very good!
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That's good, baby!
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The courses are open for mothers and children from seven years of age.
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Mm-hmm.
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That is a really young child.
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Does that not make you nervous?
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Well, we leave it up to the parent's choice.
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Now, do we start them off with a big gun?
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No. We start them off with a very tiny little .22.
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But that can kill.
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It can.
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It can kill.
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Doesn't matter how big or tiny.
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You're right, it is.
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But a .22 is less likely to kill.
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Look, I have to say in Australia, the gun culture is almost non-existent.
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For people watching you, they would be mortified that a child is being introduced to a gun.
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What is the goodness of doing that in a society where guns have caused so much damage?
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I think because the Second Amendment in America speaks of gun ownership, I think that if children are taught at a particular age,
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again, up to the parent's choice, that they want their child to know about a gun and how to handle it, I think it's important for that family to do that.
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For many Americans, owning a gun is a right, one written into the Constitution in 1791, when firearms were mostly muskets.
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It says two barrels included, 177 and 22.
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Weapons today are extraordinarily different and easily obtained.
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So you want the 22?
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In the aisles of many American supermarkets, you can virtually take your pick.
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I'll have a look at one of those.
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Thank you.
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I'll just give you that one back.
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And this is a common pistol?
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Yes, it's very common.
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Right now this is a standard issue with a lot of police, a lot of law enforcement, and civilians are also legal to own this.
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I have never used a gun.
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You ready to start?
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Ooh!
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Okay, yes.
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Arms straight out in front of you.
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But under instruction in Las Vegas...
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It's ready to go.
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...I soon understood what it was like to hold...
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Up there.
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Yes, ma'am.
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...and fire one.
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Alright, well, you're ready.
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I'm not.
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Here we go.
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That almost makes me feel sick.
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The sheer brute force and lethal power is unnerving.
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You want to keep it snug.
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If it's loose, it's obviously going to wiggle around.
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As it is with the AR-15.
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Magazine in.
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The same rapid-fire weapon used at the Sandy Hook and Aurora Cinema massacres.
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A devastating assault rifle that is disturbingly accurate and easy to use.
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Why does anyone want a big AR-15?
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You know, as well as home defence, they are used for recreation.
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And the AR-15 is not only accurate...
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You saw how you shot that pistol, right?
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Yes.
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Imagine using that for self-defence.
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Now, imagine somebody's breaking your house and you're using your AR-15.
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Which would you rather pick up?
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So do a lot of people have that for self-defence?
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Self-defence, yes, and as well as recreation.
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Perhaps there is no greater illustration of America's obsession with guns than here in Cannesaw in Georgia.
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In 1982, the local city council passed a law requiring the head of every household to maintain a firearm and ammunition.
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To the rest of the world, and to many Americans, it was an outrageous thing to do.
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But for the locals, it made perfect sense.
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This is a Klan uniform about late 1930s.
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I'm amazed you're allowed to do this because I would have thought it was fairly offensive.
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It's not offensive to me. Because...?
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It's my shop.
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It's not offensive to me.
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It could be said long-time local Dent Myers belongs to another era.
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Just like many of the goods he sells in his store in Kennesaw's Main Street.
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So how many people in Kennesaw would have a gun or a firearm?
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I would say the 99.7 of the gun.
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It's just a deterrent's all it is.
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And it has been a deterrent?
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Yes, ma'am.
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To what degree?
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Well, we don't have any crime hardly at all.
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You know what caliber it is?
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Yeah, it's 11mm.
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Violent crime here is 85% below the national average.
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I looked in there, I couldn't find any.
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And visitors to Dent's shop will tell you why.
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Guns.
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You carry a gun?
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Mm-hmm.
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And you carry a gun.
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There's one on her, there's one on me.
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And you both feel the need to walk around with a gun?
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Sometimes, yeah.
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I feel more comfortable with it than without it, honestly.
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Especially being, I don't know, female.
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It's kind of, I stay out late sometimes for work, and then I come home at 9, 10 o'clock at night, and going to an empty parking lot.
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Just kind of scary sometimes.
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Where's your gun now?
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It's in my purse.
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Oh, you carry it in your purse?
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You carry yours in your pocket.
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And here we are with another walk back in time.
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At 78, Dent Myers is still every inch the gunslinger with a loaded pistol on each hip.
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I'm in awe of the sorts of things that you've managed to collect.
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I'm a little bit...
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Accumulated.
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A false move, or in this case, a stumble and a sudden sound by our cameraman.
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Get rid of saddles, Colonel.
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And dent is ready.
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You almost went through your garden, dent.
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I stopped it before I shot you.
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Oh, my goodness.
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I told you I've been trying to do stuff like that.
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Anyway, these horses ran over a lot of people too, People too ought to ban horses.
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I can't believe you went for your gun debt.
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As the gun debate continues to rage, more American communities are now following Kennesaw's lead.
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I think the thing that is amazing is to be driving through a city, or the suburban streets of a city,
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knowing that every one of these homes has by law a gun.
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Gun, gun, gun, gun, gun, gun.
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Everybody has a gun.
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It keeps everybody honest, they say, and I'm sure it does, but I find that extraordinary.
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The right to bear arms is more than entitlement.
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It's an entrenched culture which will not be changed easily,
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despite the devastating tragedies and the wishes of the highest office in the land.
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We can't tolerate this anymore.
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These tragedies must end.
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How dare they, who get tax paid for complete security details with real assault weapons,
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how dare our employees tell the employers that they get armed security at our expense, but we will be unarmed and helpless?
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Kiss my ass!
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In America, it's often the biggest show that gets the most attention.
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And there's no bigger showman than Ted Nugent.
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So you want everyone to be able to carry a gun?
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Absolutely.
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Anybody who chooses.
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It's black and white.
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It's black and white.
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There's no grey area in this at all?
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Nope.
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There's no compromise?
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Nope.
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60 Minutes Australia.
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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव
यह B2 स्तर का स्पीकिंग पाठ वीडियो “Does America have a gun problem?” पर आधारित है। इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 229 वाक्य और 2044 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 13:59 लंबा है। वक्ता लगभग 146 शब्द प्रति मिनट की स्थिर गति से बोलता है, जो शैडोइंग के लिए आरामदायक है। 82% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं; बाकी शब्द अभ्यास से पहले देख लेना अच्छा रहेगा।
इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली
वीडियो के 15 सबसे कठिन शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:
| शब्द | उच्चारण | अर्थ |
|---|---|---|
| firearm संज्ञा | /ˈfaɪəɹˌɑː(ɹ)m/ | अग्निशस्त्र |
| pistol संज्ञा | /ˈpɪstəl/ | बंदूक़, बंदूक |
| massacre संज्ञा | /ˈmæs.ə.kə(ɹ)/ | कत्लेआम, हत्याकांड |
| purse संज्ञा | /pɚs/ | पर्स, बटुआ |
| unarmed विशेषण | /ˌʌnˈɑɹmd/ | निहत्था, शस्त्रहीन |
| tragedy संज्ञा | /ˈtɹæd͡ʒ.ɪ.di/ | दुखांत, त्रासदी |
| rifle संज्ञा | /ˈɹaɪfəl/ | राइफल, राइफ़ल |
| helplessness संज्ञा | /ˈhɛlplɪsnɪs/ | असहायता, अक्षमता |
| housewife संज्ञा | /ˈhaʊs.waɪf/ | गृहिणी, घरनी |
| caliber संज्ञा | /ˈkæl.ə.bɚ/ | कैलिबर |
| helpless विशेषण | /ˈhɛlplɪs/ | विवश, असहाय |
| sunglasses संज्ञा | धूप का चश्मा, काला चश्मा | |
| saddle संज्ञा | /ˈsæd(ə)l/ | काठी, ज़ीन |
| supermarket संज्ञा | /ˌsupɚˈmɑɹkət/ | सुपरमार्केट |
| tolerate क्रिया | /ˈtɑ.lə.ɹeɪt/ | सहना |
वीडियो में आने वाली फ़्रेज़ल वर्ब
| शब्द | अर्थ |
|---|---|
| pick up क्रिया | उठाना |
दोहराने लायक वाक्य
वीडियो के छोटे, पूरे वाक्य जिन्हें आप रोज़ की बातचीत में इस्तेमाल कर सकते हैं:
- Why can't we at least get rid of those?
- What would you need that for?
- Does that not make you nervous?
- Which would you rather pick up?
- You know what caliber it is?
इस वीडियो का व्याकरण
वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:
| संरचना | वीडियो में |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी है | have been · I've just traveled · has been locked |
| Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है | will be shot · are forced · were designed |
| Relative clauses who / which + उपवाक्य — व्यक्ति या वस्तु के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारी | culture which will · Anybody who chooses |
ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण
वक्ता 33 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे I'm, don't, can't। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।
- “th” की ध्वनियाँ: enthusiast /ɪnˈθuːziˌæst/, lethal /ˈliː.θəl/
- “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: obsession /əbˈsɛʃən/, recreation /ɹiːkɹiˈeɪʃən/, brainwash /ˈbɹeɪnwɒʃ/, showman /ˈʃəʊ.mən/, ammunition /ˌæmjuˈnɪʃən/
- लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: recreation /ɹiːkɹiˈeɪʃən/, accessorize /əkˈsɛsəɹaɪz/, accumulate /əˈkjuːmjʊˌleɪt/, cameraman /ˈkæm(ə)ɹəˌmæn/, enthusiast /ɪnˈθuːziˌæst/
हिंदी भाषियों के लिए मुश्किल ध्वनियाँ:
- /v/ और /w/ का फ़र्क़ — /v/ में ऊपर के दाँत निचले होंठ को छूते हैं, /w/ में होंठ गोल होते हैं: devastate /ˈdɛv.ə.steɪt/, brainwash /ˈbɹeɪnwɒʃ/, housewife /ˈhaʊs.waɪf/, unnerve /ʌnˈnɜː(ɹ)v/, wiggle /ˈwɪɡəl/
- /z/ — इसे “ज” (/dʒ/) न बनाएँ: accessorize /əkˈsɛsəɹaɪz/, enthusiast /ɪnˈθuːziˌæst/, existent /ɪɡˈzɪst(ə)nt/, visitor /ˈvɪzɪtɚ/, civilians /sɪˈvɪl.jənz/
- शब्द की शुरुआत में s + व्यंजन — पहले “इ” न जोड़ें: stumble /ˈstʌmbəl/, slaughter /ˈslɔːtə/
इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें
- पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
- सामान्य गति पर एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें और हर वाक्य तब तक दोहराएँ जब तक आपकी लय वक्ता से न मिल जाए।
- अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर firearm, pistol, massacre जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।