शैडोइंग अभ्यास: The Sun Is Weirder Than You Think - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें

If you dove into the sun, the first layer you'd hit is hot enough to make diamonds boil.

If you keep going, you're passing through churning bubbles the size of France.

And then you're lost in a zone so dense that light itself takes 170 ,000 years to escape.

And you're still not at the place where it unleashes enough energy to power all life on Earth.

Right now, we're in a golden age of new solar science.

We're getting close -up pictures of the sun's surface in more detail than ever before, sending probes into its atmosphere,

and revealing secrets about our star we never thought possible.

Trust me, after this video, you'll never look up at the sun the same way.

So let me take you on a journey into the sun.

This episode was made possible by AT &T, the official connectivity partner of Huge If True.

A lot of people picture the sun as a giant ball of fire, but that's totally wrong.

There's nothing actually burning up there.

Imagine you and I get into a magical spaceship and blast off toward the sun.

As soon as we get about six times Earth's diameter away, our little ship is starting to detect something.

We think we're on a journey into the sun, but really, is it true to say that in some sense we are inside the sun right now?

Oh, 100%.

That is the head of heliophysics at NASA.

He's in charge of all of NASA's research on the sun.

And he's saying, if you zoom out to see our whole solar system, and then zoom a little bit further,

you'd see that our sun's outer atmosphere actually swallows Earth and then keeps going.

This is the heliosphere, and it's huge.

It goes about a hundred times farther than the distance between Earth and the sun.

We are living not just with a star, but living in a star's atmosphere, which is pretty cool.

As we fly through it, we see that the heliosphere is made of the sun blasting out these charged particles more

and more as we fly toward it.

From here, Here we can see so much cool tech that humans have sent to study the sun before us.

We already passed around 40 satellites orbiting Earth studying the sun.

And now we're speeding past a very special one.

This is the Solar Dynamics Observatory.

It's snapping pictures of the sun in all these different wavelengths.

It's one of the biggest data sets that we have at NASA.

And it's frankly the beating heart of watching the sun every day and its activity and its changes.

But we keep going closer.

And there are still two spacecraft ahead of us.

The two of them are Solar Orbiter and Parker Solar Probe.

Solar Orbiter is a big deal because it took the first -ever pictures of the Sun's South Pole.

For scale, here's how big the Earth would be in this video.

But only one spacecraft has ever gone into the Sun's inner atmosphere.

At this point, our little ship is starting to feel more of the Sun's effects.

Uh, that can't be good.

But we need to keep going, because the Sun is way farther away than most people think.

If you paused the whole solar system at the closest point with a normal walking pace,

it would take you over 3 ,000 years to reach the Sun.

You could line up all of the planets between the Earth and the Sun 374 times.

But it's not just the distance that's the problem.

The Earth is rapidly moving sideways compared to the Sun.

So to get there, we have to cancel that out, which would take more energy than it would take to escape the entire solar system.

That's why when NASA sent the Parker Solar Probe, it took over six years to spiral inward until 2021,

when it crossed into the corona.

This is the sun's inner atmosphere.

It's the part that you see during a solar eclipse, and it's beautiful.

But up close, it's terrifying.

When Parker first crossed into it, the probe was still about nine times farther from the sun than the sun itself is wide.

But Parker's been making passes closer and closer, faster and faster ever since.

It's now the fastest object humans have ever made.

It could get from London to Paris in two seconds.

But funny enough, the scientists who made it don't actually like that.

And I don't like it.

I would like to slow down.

I want Parker to spend as much time as possible very close to the sun

so we can get all the wealth of the data.

The data suggests that our sun's corona is over a million degrees Celsius.

How is the Parker Solar Probe not melting?

In some sense, this is not a real temperature.

To actually feel the heat, you're going to need a lot more particles.

Turns out that commonly cited number is sort of a lie.

The charged particles that make up the corona are moving insanely fast, and how fast particles are moving is what we're really measuring when we say temperature.

But lucky for Parker, there are very few of those particles.

In fact, so few that the scientists who built Parker don't really care about these particles that much.

We are not worried about it.

We can actually sneak out instruments into that flow and it doesn't do anything.

The heat they do worry about is the same heat and energy that we use here on Earth, Earth, which comes from the light itself.

The only thing that really hurts Parker is when the solar surface heat, like this big radiating lamp, can shine directly on the sensitive parts.

Light, or more specifically photons, carries the sun's energy across the vacuum of space toward us.

But this close?

Sunlight is hundreds of times more intense than it is on Earth.

That's why Parker hides all of its scientific equipment behind this very thick heat shield.

They would do these demos on this carbon -carbon composite.

You'd take a blowtorch, and you would hold it there as long as you wanted, and then ask everybody to touch the back of the darn thing, and the back was ice cold.

As it flew through the corona, Parker recorded something incredible.

Sounds coming from the sun.

There were these chirping sounds, and this weird sound, and these hissing sounds.

But if you're thinking, hey, you can't hear things in space, there's no air, you're right.

These sounds are actually electric and magnetic waves that scientists then converted into sound waves.

They're the sounds of intense solar wind from those same charged particles

that the sun is constantly blasting out to create the heliosphere.

The whooshing sound comes from changes in the speed of that solar wind.

The layered pitches represent changes in the temperature.

When it gets hotter, the pitch gets higher.

And when there's a particularly big explosion called a solar storm, everything gets louder.

Those solar storms can get really dangerous for us on Earth.

And scientists today say that we should be getting ready for a big one soon.

In 1859, the Sun released a large blast of particles that shot out and raced toward the Earth.

It took under a day to travel over 150 million kilometers and slam into our planet, causing the largest solar storm ever recorded.

It resulted in dark red northern lights that could be seen as far as the tropics.

Luckily, on Earth, life is protected by our own magnetic field.

It deflects most of those charged particles.

So these storms don't affect life on Earth, but they do affect technology.

The sun goes through cycles of activity that last about 11 years.

100

If the sun cycle is at the top of this graph.

101

It basically means that it's throwing a tantrum.

102

It's got flares and eruptions and storms, lots of charged particles coming at us.

103

If it's at the bottom, it's basically napping.

104

Today, we're about here, and we've been seeing visible signs of it.

105

Quite frightening, isn't it?

106

That's one reason why studying the sun is so crucial, both for our future on Earth and for our future in space.

107

Because on the Moon or Mars, there's no strong magnetic field to hide behind.

108

So off -world, these storms could mean dangerous doses of radiation.

109

We're going to establish a moon base, we're going to put boots on Mars.

110

I want to be able to tell them, you can go on Expedition X for this many hours,

111

days, and be able to say with confidence that they're going to be able to do that without risking their lives.

112

The Parker Solar Probe could only get here, but our ship is magically protected.

113

So we're going deeper.

114

As our ship approaches the surface, we notice something very weird.

115

Wait, why is it getting colder?

116

To go further, it's time to breach the surface of the sun.

117

This is the photosphere.

118

Particles here are moving slower, so it's actually a cooler temperature.

119

Here, the temperature is 5 ,500 degrees Celsius, hot enough to boil diamonds.

120

So atoms are getting ripped apart into plasma.

121

And all around you is boiling and roiling bubbles of gas constantly moving.

122

And we just got the most detailed look ever.

123

These extreme close -ups were taken by the newest and most powerful solar ground telescope in the world.

124

What's truly crazy is the scale in these images.

125

You could fit.. the entire earth right here.

126

In this photo, each of these bubbles is the size of France,

127

and sometimes you might see a sunspot, darker, cooler, and whiter than our whole planet.

128

And in 1795, these sunspots led to a bit of confusion.

129

So one of the most famous astronomers at the time, Sir William Herschel wrote this paper that said that sunspots might be openings

130

that reveal the sun has a solid surface that could be inhabited by the sun people.

131

Now we know that these sunspots are actually cooler patches where the sun's magnetic field is

132

so strong it's choking off the heat rising from below.

133

So no sun people.

134

But with our protected craft, we're still going deeper through the photosphere, into the convective zone.

135

This is a boiling ocean of plasma, rising and cooling and sinking like a giant churning pot.

136

The motion is similar to our own mantle inside Earth, but where that's a slow -moving solid, this is a fast -moving, superheated gas.

137

Now the heat is rising again, back up to 2 million degrees.

138

And inside our little ship, we feel this.

139

There are a lot more atoms hitting us now.

140

But as we travel inward, suddenly, everything stops.

141

You go about 30 % inside the sun, and then the gas ceases to flow.

142

From the surface of the sun to us back on Earth, light or photons travel straight through the vacuum of space in an 8 minute and 20 second journey.

143

But in here, the plasma is so dense that light itself gets trapped, bouncing around like a pinball machine that takes,

144

on average, 170 ,000 years to escape.

145

So when you step outside and you feel the sun on your face, that energy has been traveling since before humans wore clothes.

146

We're now lost in the radiated zone.

147

But wait, if the closest we've ever been to the sun was way out there in the corona, how do we know what's going on way down in here?

148

That is her job.

149

You know there are people who study earthquakes and use earthquakes to study the earth?

150

I use quakes on the sun to study what's happening inside.

151

So when there's an earthquake on our planet, it sends pressure waves down through the earth that act differently depending on what they're moving through.

152

So scientists collect data on the surface to understand what's in between.

153

Same idea in the sun, but instead of earthquakes, it's… music.

154

Think of a drum.

155

So these violent, boiling outer layers of the sun are constantly jiggling the inside parts with pressure waves, like earthquakes through the earth.

156

And the jiggles of pressure waves is also called sound.

157

The sun is a musical instrument that plays many, many notes.

158

If we could hear the music, the different notes would tell us what the waves were traveling through.

159

The problem is that we're 150 million kilometers away with a big vacuum in between that sound can't travel through.

160

So it's more like, there's a drum playing in a soundproof room, if you have a good enough instrument,

161

you'll see the surface of the drum moving even if you don't hear it.

162

And by analyzing how the surface of the drum moves, you can figure out the tones and overtones.

163

The boiling motion of the sun makes sound that travels through it, jiggling the surface just a little bit.

164

And then scientists look at how the color of the light shifts, bluer as the surface moves towards us,

165

and redder as it moves away and then translate that with math into what must be in the middle of the sun.

166

So the boiling of the outer layers creates sound waves inside the sun

167

which jiggles the surface which we can then see from 150 million kilometers away with using red

168

and blue light to see how it moves on the surface

169

and then use math to translate what must be inside the middle of the sun.

170

Oh my god it's so complicated and so cool and they call it helioseismology.

171

But what if we go deeper.

172

Now we're finally entering the core.

173

The pressure around us now is equivalent to about 250 billion of Earth's atmosphere.

174

The stuff right outside our ship is 13 times denser than lead,

175

but it's so hot that even something that dense is still not solid.

176

And if you could zoom into this plasma to see the bare hydrogen nuclei inside, you'd see them smashing together.

177

Four hydrogen nuclei go in, one helium atom comes out that weighs just a tiny bit less.

178

About 0 .7 % becomes energy.

179

This is nuclear fusion, and it is the source of all of the sun's energy.

180

About 600 million metric tons of hydrogen fused into helium every second, with 4 million tons of matter converted straight into energy.

181

Those numbers sound huge, because they are.

182

But what's really weird is, in terms of how much energy is generated per cubic meter, the sun's output is actually tiny.

183

It's roughly similar to To a lizard's metabolism, your body, pound for pound,

184

generates more energy than the core of the sun.

185

But the sun is way bigger than you think.

186

How many Earths do you think you could fit inside the sun?

187

Assume you keep them round?

188

960 ,000.

189

And if you melted them to get rid of the extra space?

190

1 .3 million.

191

But what happens when one day our sun uses up all of its fuel?

192

When will our sun die?

193

Is it halfway through its lifetime?

194

Is it near the end?

195

Well, you can map out all of the stars that we've ever seen, and you'd get this famous chart showing a star's birth to death.

196

The sun is now here, where it'll spend most of its life.

197

As stars like ours age, the core uses up its hydrogen fuel and then shrinks, creating heat and pressure that push the outer layers outward,

198

growing into a red giant.

199

It'll get so big, it'll engulf Mercury and Venus and maybe even Earth.

200

Then, about a billion years after that, it'll use up all its helium fuel and collapse into a white dwarf, cooling and dimming over billions more years.

201

Is the sun a teenager?

202

Is the sun a middle -aged person?

203

It's a middle -aged star it's four and a half billion years old

204

and now we are at the very center of our sun

205

the middle of the biggest thing in our solar system that powers all life we know about

206

there's still a lot

207

that we don't know about the sun like why the 11 -year cycle nobody knows

208

or understands why that is our knowledge of solar activity

209

and how it impacts us on the earth It's a puzzle with a solution, but which we don't know the solution yet.

210

But what we do know is the result of so much human work.

211

So the next time you go out and you look up at the sun.

212

Think about where that photon came from.

213

I think about that and it just gives me immense joy.

214

And remember that we're a tiny species on a tiny rock orbiting a star we owe everything to.

215

And so we figured out how to send probes, and listen to its music, and take unbelievable pictures to protect ourselves from it,

216

and slowly reveal its mysteries.

217

HUGE IF TRUE If you want there to be more optimistic science and tech stories,

218

subscribe to support our show, HUGE IF TRUE And remember, this episode was made possible by AT &T, the official connectivity partner of Huge If True.

📺 उसी चैनल से

✨ अनुशंसित वीडियो

14 वाक्य

A Cosmic Coincidence

Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults

246 वाक्य

You Are Alive to Watch the Space Station Fall From the Sky

Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults

49 वाक्य

27 Facts That Will Make You Question Your Existence

Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults

398 वाक्य

THIS Is Where the Internet Lives

Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults

25 वाक्य

Where Did Earth's Water Come From?

Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults

333 वाक्य

I tested the most Futuristic Tech - it scared me.

Daily ConversationWorking Adults

303 वाक्य

What If you Could See the 4th Dimension?

Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults

47 वाक्य

We Found Galaxies Too Old for the Universe

Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults

136 वाक्य

Why Does the OCEAN Get Creepier the Deeper You Go?

Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults

16 वाक्य

Let’s Steal a New Moon

Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults

142 वाक्य

The Planets In Our Solar System

Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults

इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव

इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 217 वाक्य और 2845 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 18:14 लंबा है। वक्ता लगभग 156 शब्द प्रति मिनट की स्वाभाविक गति से बोलता है, जो रोज़मर्रा की बातचीत के करीब है। 85% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं; बाकी शब्द अभ्यास से पहले देख लेना अच्छा रहेगा।

इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली

वीडियो के 15 कम प्रचलित शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:

particle /ˈpɑɹtək(ə)l/ (संज्ञा) — कण, ज़र्रा. A very small piece of matter, a fragment; especially, the smallest possible part of something.
boil /bɔɪ(ə)l/ (क्रिया) — उबलना. To heat to the point where it begins to turn into a gas.
atmosphere /ˈætməsˌfɪɹ/ (संज्ञा) — वायुमण्डल, वायुमंडल. The gases surrounding the Earth or any astronomical body.
layer /ˈleɪ̯ɚ/ (संज्ञा) — परत, तह. A single thickness of some material covering a surface.
earthquake /ˈɝθkweɪk/ (संज्ञा) — भूकंप, ज़लज़ला. A shaking of the ground, caused by volcanic activity or movement around geologic faults.
drum /ˈdɹʌm/ (संज्ञा) — ड्रम, ढोल. A percussive musical instrument spanned with a thin covering on at least one end for striking, forming an acoustic chamber; a membranophone.
dense /ˈdɛns/ (विशेषण) — घना. Having relatively high density.
hydrogen /ˈhaɪdɹəd͡ʒ(ə)n/ (संज्ञा) — उदजन, हाइड्रोजन. The lightest chemical element (symbol H), with an atomic number of 1 and atomic weight of 1.008.
plasma /ˈplæzmə/ (संज्ञा) — प्लाज़्मा. A state of matter consisting of partially ionized gas and electrons.
instrument /ˈɪnstɹəmənt/ (संज्ञा) — मापन. A device used to produce music.
bubble /ˈbʌbəl/ (संज्ञा) — बुलबुला, बुल्ला. A spherically contained volume of air or other gas in a liquid, commonly a soapy liquid.
vacuum /ˈvæ.kjuːm/ (संज्ञा) — निर्वात. A region of space that contains no matter.
atom /ˈætəm/ (संज्ञा) — परमाणु, अणु. The smallest possible amount of matter which still retains its identity as a chemical element, now known to consist of a nucleus surrounded by electrons.
pitch /pɪt͡ʃ/ (संज्ञा) — मैदान. A throw; a toss; a cast, as of something from the hand.
diamond /ˈdaɪ.ə.mənd/ (संज्ञा) — हीरा, अलमास. A glimmering glass-like mineral that is an allotrope of carbon in which each atom is surrounded by four others in the form of a tetrahedron.

वीडियो में आने वाली फ़्रेज़ल वर्ब

think about /ˈθɪŋk əˌbaʊt/ (क्रिया) — चिंतन करना. To ponder.
go out (क्रिया) — बाहर निकलना, निकलना. To leave, especially a building.
look at (क्रिया) — हेरना. To observe or watch.

ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण

वक्ता 49 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे we're, don't, you're। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।

“th” की ध्वनियाँ: earthquake /ˈɝθkweɪk/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, thick /θɪk/
“sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/, shield /ˈʃild/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, radiation /ˌɹeɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/, explosion /ɛkˈsploʊ.ʒən/
लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, radiation /ˌɹeɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/, diameter /daɪˈæmɪdɚ/

इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें

पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
0.75× गति से शुरू करें, एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें, और सहज लगने पर सामान्य गति पर लौटें।
अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर particle, boil, atmosphere जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।

इस वीडियो का व्याकरण

वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:

संरचना	वीडियो में
Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — पहले शुरू हुआ काम जो अब भी जारी है	Parker's been making · we've been seeing · has been traveling
Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है	was made · is made · could be seen
Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी है	have sent · has ever gone · have ever made
Relative clauses who / which + उपवाक्य — व्यक्ति या वस्तु के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारी	atmosphere, which is · people who study

शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?

शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।

शैडोइंग तकनीक: पूरी चरण-दर-चरण गाइड पढ़ें →

शैडोइंग अभ्यास: The Sun Is Weirder Than You Think - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें

Antarctica Is Bigger Than You Think

Formula 1, Explained for Rookies

How Big Is The Biggest Black Hole?

Would You Use An Artificial Womb? (I Would)

What If The Earth Was Flat?

The Shoe That Broke Running

I Wrote a NEW Sci-Fi with Project Hail Mary Author Andy Weir

What If I Fell Into A Black Hole?

Formula 1 Cars, Explained with Max Verstappen

The New Hunt for the Colossal Squid

Something’s Happening to the Ozone Hole

Humanity’s Real Plan to Stop This Asteroid (Feat. Mark Rober)

Why Gravity Is A Lie, explained in Zero G

The Ocean Is Deeper Than You Think. We Need Better Maps.

The Future Mark Zuckerberg Is Trying To Build

The Big Lie About Nuclear Waste

How Did Dinosaurs Actually Go Extinct?

How Will The Universe Die?

A Cosmic Coincidence

You Are Alive to Watch the Space Station Fall From the Sky

27 Facts That Will Make You Question Your Existence

THIS Is Where the Internet Lives

Where Did Earth's Water Come From?

I tested the most Futuristic Tech - it scared me.

What If you Could See the 4th Dimension?

We Found Galaxies Too Old for the Universe

Why Does the OCEAN Get Creepier the Deeper You Go?

Let’s Steal a New Moon

The Planets In Our Solar System

इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव

इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली

वीडियो में आने वाली फ़्रेज़ल वर्ब

ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण

इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें

इस वीडियो का व्याकरण

शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?