शैडोइंग अभ्यास: What I Learned on Monkey Island - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें

पाठ बनाया जा रहा है...
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Monkey Island is, perhaps unsurprisingly,  home to thousands of monkeys.
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And when a major hurricane blew directly  across the island, the researchers who study those monkeys thought that they were  going to return to a scene of mass tragedy.
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But only two monkeys died during  the storm. It wasn’t until long after the skies cleared that  the bodies started piling up.
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Hi I’m David, and this is MinuteEarth.
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Long ago, I used to study those monkeys, but I hadn’t been back to Monkey Island since  Hurricane Maria tore through there in 2017.
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So a few months ago, when Kate and I were  invited to Puerto Rico for a conference, we took a side trip over to the island.  The place looked completely different.
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Most of the man-made structures were in ruins.
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This exposed hilltop used to be completely  covered with forest. Even the isthmus that used to connect the big isle and the  small isle was completely washed away.
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And despite all of this, somehow,  only two monkeys died. But then, in the years following the hurricane,  fifty more monkeys died than usual.
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Stressed-out monkeys with weakened  immune systems succumbed to diseases.
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Traumatized females gave birth to babies  who died soon after they were born.
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And with over half the trees on the island  gone, monkeys were suddenly way more exposed, leading to more heat-related illnesses and deaths.
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The monkeys weren't the only  primates affected by Hurricane Maria; the hurricane also pummeled mainland  Puerto Rico and the humans that live there.
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About 100 people are estimated to have  died as a direct result of the storm.
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But, as with the monkeys, lots  of deaths happened later on, too.
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The electrical grid got overwhelmed and hospitals  lost power, causing people to die from infections.
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Roads were blocked or destroyed, so  others couldn’t even get to hospitals in the first place, causing them to die  from things like emphysema and pneumonia.
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And insulin shipments couldn’t get  through, causing people to die of diabetes.
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Researchers think about three thousand more  people died as a result of these longer-term, indirect impacts of the storm; that's 30 times  more people than died during the storm itself.
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That ratio – which we can  call the "aftermath number", is remarkably similar to the one  for Monkey Island, which was 25.
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All hurricanes have these kinds of lingering  deaths – sometimes lots of them; for example, the average hurricane that makes landfall in  the US has an aftermath number of more than 200.
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And other disasters have aftermath deaths too.
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Major floods lead to heart attacks in overworked  farmers, who have to replant their soggy fields.
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Earthquakes often lead to disease outbreaks by breaking sewage pipes and  creating unsanitary conditions.
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Scientists are still trying to figure out what it is about a particular disaster that  determines its aftermath number.
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Disasters like earthquakes tend  to have lower aftermath numbers for the same total of deaths because more  of the deaths happen during the disaster.
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But the fact that aftermath deaths exist  at all –and that some disasters have so many of them– means we probably need  to pay just as much attention –or even more– to the lingering effects of a  disaster as to the disaster itself.
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And when you hear that a hurricane in  the US killed, say, 5 people, you should multiply that number in your head by around 200 to  understand the true death count of the hurricane.
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And that brings me back to  the monkeys of Monkey Island.
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In the aftermath of Hurricane Maria, the monkeys started grooming one another more  often than they used to – like, way more often.
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For monkeys, grooming is a way of  building social ties and making friends, and the researchers think that, collectively,  the monkeys were grooming more as a way of lowering their stress levels – and,  inadvertently, their aftermath number.
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And even today, these monkeys still  groom each other more than they used to.
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That's the kind of aftermath  we should all be aiming for.
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Monkeys live in all sorts of cool places, and  I’ve gotten to go all over the world studying them. Of course, that also means I’ve spent  a ton of time in airports using public wifi.
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Which is why I’m psyched this video was sponsored  by SurfShark, my goto VPN whenever I’m travelling.
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SurfShark encrypts my online data whenever  I’m on a sketchy connection; even if someone is monkeying around on the connection, the  only thing they’ll see is gibberish code.
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Plus, the VPN lets me pretend  to be anywhere in the world, which means I can access my favorite  content no matter where I am.
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Right now, you can secure your privacy  for an extra four months by going to surfshark.com/minuteearth  or use the code MINUTEEARTH.
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There’s no risk – they offer  a 30-day money back guarantee.
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That’s surfshark.com/MinuteEarth. Thanks!
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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव

इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 40 वाक्य और 805 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 3:56 लंबा है। वक्ता तेज़ बोलता है, लगभग 205 शब्द प्रति मिनट, इसलिए जुड़ी हुई और कमज़ोर ध्वनियाँ ज़्यादा मिलेंगी। केवल 77% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं, इसलिए शब्दावली कठिन है।

इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली

वीडियो के 15 सीखने लायक शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:

शब्दउच्चारणअर्थ
monkey संज्ञा/ˈmʌŋki/बंदर m or बन्दर, वानर
hurricane संज्ञा/ˈhʌɹɪkeɪn/तूफ़ान, चक्रवात
disaster संज्ञा/dɪˈzɑːs.təː/आपदा, तबाही
researcher संज्ञा/ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/शोधकर्ता, शोधक
earthquake संज्ञा/ˈɝθkweɪk/भूकंप, ज़लज़ला
expose क्रिया/ɪkˈspoʊz/खोलना, उघाड़ना
wash क्रिया/wɑʃ/धोना
guarantee संज्ञा/ˌɡæɹ.ənˈtiː/प्रतिभूति
illness संज्ञा/ˈɪl.nəs/रोग, बीमारी
ratio संज्ञा/ˈɹeɪ.ʃoʊ/अनुपात
privacy संज्ञा/ˈpɹaɪ.və.si/एकांत
flood संज्ञा/flʌd/बाढ़, सैलाब
infection संज्ञा/ɪnˈfɛkʃən/संक्रमण
pretend क्रिया/pɹəˈtɛnd/ढोंग
ruin संज्ञा/ˈɹuː.ɪn/खँडहर, खंडहर

इस वीडियो का व्याकरण

वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:

संरचनावीडियो में
“used to” used to + क्रिया — बीती आदत या स्थिति जो अब नहीं हैused to study · used to be
Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता हैwere invited · were born · are estimated
Relative clauses who / which + उपवाक्य — व्यक्ति या वस्तु के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारीIsland, which was · world, which means

ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण

वक्ता 12 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे I'm, couldn't, I've। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।

  • “th” की ध्वनियाँ: aftermath /ˈæf.tɚˌmæθ/, earthquake /ˈɝθkweɪk/
  • “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: wash /wɑʃ/, ratio /ˈɹeɪ.ʃoʊ/, infection /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/, shipment /ˈʃɪpmənt/, gibberish /ˈd͡ʒɪ.bə.ɹɪʃ/
  • लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: electrical /ɪˈlɛktɹɪkəl/, remarkably /ɹɪˈmɑɹkəbli/, emphysema /ˌɛmfɪˈsimə/

इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें

  1. पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
  2. 0.75× गति से शुरू करें, एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें, और सहज लगने पर सामान्य गति पर लौटें।
  3. अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर monkey, hurricane, disaster जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।

शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?

शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।

शैडोइंग तकनीक: पूरी चरण-दर-चरण गाइड पढ़ें →