Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: What I Learned on Monkey Island
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Monkey Island is, perhaps unsurprisingly, home to thousands of monkeys.
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And when a major hurricane blew directly across the island, the researchers who study those monkeys thought that they were going to return to a scene of mass tragedy.
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But only two monkeys died during the storm. It wasn’t until long after the skies cleared that the bodies started piling up.
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Hi I’m David, and this is MinuteEarth.
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Long ago, I used to study those monkeys, but I hadn’t been back to Monkey Island since Hurricane Maria tore through there in 2017.
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So a few months ago, when Kate and I were invited to Puerto Rico for a conference, we took a side trip over to the island. The place looked completely different.
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Most of the man-made structures were in ruins.
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This exposed hilltop used to be completely covered with forest. Even the isthmus that used to connect the big isle and the small isle was completely washed away.
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And despite all of this, somehow, only two monkeys died. But then, in the years following the hurricane, fifty more monkeys died than usual.
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Stressed-out monkeys with weakened immune systems succumbed to diseases.
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Traumatized females gave birth to babies who died soon after they were born.
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And with over half the trees on the island gone, monkeys were suddenly way more exposed, leading to more heat-related illnesses and deaths.
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The monkeys weren't the only primates affected by Hurricane Maria; the hurricane also pummeled mainland Puerto Rico and the humans that live there.
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About 100 people are estimated to have died as a direct result of the storm.
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But, as with the monkeys, lots of deaths happened later on, too.
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The electrical grid got overwhelmed and hospitals lost power, causing people to die from infections.
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Roads were blocked or destroyed, so others couldn’t even get to hospitals in the first place, causing them to die from things like emphysema and pneumonia.
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And insulin shipments couldn’t get through, causing people to die of diabetes.
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Researchers think about three thousand more people died as a result of these longer-term, indirect impacts of the storm; that's 30 times more people than died during the storm itself.
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That ratio – which we can call the "aftermath number", is remarkably similar to the one for Monkey Island, which was 25.
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All hurricanes have these kinds of lingering deaths – sometimes lots of them; for example, the average hurricane that makes landfall in the US has an aftermath number of more than 200.
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And other disasters have aftermath deaths too.
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Major floods lead to heart attacks in overworked farmers, who have to replant their soggy fields.
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Earthquakes often lead to disease outbreaks by breaking sewage pipes and creating unsanitary conditions.
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Scientists are still trying to figure out what it is about a particular disaster that determines its aftermath number.
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Disasters like earthquakes tend to have lower aftermath numbers for the same total of deaths because more of the deaths happen during the disaster.
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But the fact that aftermath deaths exist at all –and that some disasters have so many of them– means we probably need to pay just as much attention –or even more– to the lingering effects of a disaster as to the disaster itself.
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And when you hear that a hurricane in the US killed, say, 5 people, you should multiply that number in your head by around 200 to understand the true death count of the hurricane.
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And that brings me back to the monkeys of Monkey Island.
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In the aftermath of Hurricane Maria, the monkeys started grooming one another more often than they used to – like, way more often.
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For monkeys, grooming is a way of building social ties and making friends, and the researchers think that, collectively, the monkeys were grooming more as a way of lowering their stress levels – and, inadvertently, their aftermath number.
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And even today, these monkeys still groom each other more than they used to.
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That's the kind of aftermath we should all be aiming for.
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Monkeys live in all sorts of cool places, and I’ve gotten to go all over the world studying them. Of course, that also means I’ve spent a ton of time in airports using public wifi.
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Which is why I’m psyched this video was sponsored by SurfShark, my goto VPN whenever I’m travelling.
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SurfShark encrypts my online data whenever I’m on a sketchy connection; even if someone is monkeying around on the connection, the only thing they’ll see is gibberish code.
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Plus, the VPN lets me pretend to be anywhere in the world, which means I can access my favorite content no matter where I am.
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Right now, you can secure your privacy for an extra four months by going to surfshark.com/minuteearth or use the code MINUTEEARTH.
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There’s no risk – they offer a 30-day money back guarantee.
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That’s surfshark.com/MinuteEarth. Thanks!
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Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này
Video này có 40 câu và 805 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 3:56. Người nói nói nhanh, khoảng 205 từ mỗi phút, nên sẽ có nhiều chỗ nối âm và nuốt âm. Chỉ 77% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất, nên từ vựng khá khó.
Từ vựng quan trọng trong video
15 từ đáng học trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:
| Từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|
| monkey danh từ | /ˈmʌŋki/ | khỉ |
| hurricane danh từ | /ˈhʌɹɪkeɪn/ | bão, bão táp |
| disaster danh từ | /dɪˈzɑːs.təː/ | tai hoạ, thảm hoạ |
| researcher danh từ | /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ | nhà nghiên cứu |
| earthquake danh từ | /ˈɝθkweɪk/ | động đất |
| wash động từ | /wɑʃ/ | rửa, giặt |
| guarantee danh từ | /ˌɡæɹ.ənˈtiː/ | sự bảo đảm |
| illness danh từ | /ˈɪl.nəs/ | bệnh, sự đau yếu |
| connect động từ | /kəˈnɛkt/ | nối |
| ratio danh từ | /ˈɹeɪ.ʃoʊ/ | tỉ lệ |
| privacy danh từ | /ˈpɹaɪ.və.si/ | sự riêng tư |
| tear động từ | /tɛɹ/ | xé |
| flood danh từ | /flʌd/ | lụt, lụt lội |
| infection danh từ | /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/ | sự nhiễm trùng, sự lây nhiễm |
| ruin danh từ | /ˈɹuː.ɪn/ | hư hại |
Cụm động từ bạn sẽ nghe
| Từ | Nghĩa |
|---|---|
| pile up động từ | vun |
Ngữ pháp trong video
Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:
| Cấu trúc | Trong video |
|---|---|
| “Used to” used to + động từ — thói quen hoặc tình trạng trong quá khứ nay không còn | used to study · used to be |
| Câu bị động be + quá khứ phân từ — nhấn vào việc xảy ra, không phải người làm | were invited · were born · are estimated |
| Mệnh đề quan hệ who / which + mệnh đề — thêm thông tin về người hoặc vật | Island, which was · world, which means |
Phát âm cần chú ý
Người nói dùng 12 dạng rút gọn, ví dụ I'm, couldn't, I've. Hãy nói theo dạng ngắn đúng như bạn nghe.
- Âm “th”: aftermath /ˈæf.tɚˌmæθ/, earthquake /ˈɝθkweɪk/
- Âm “sh” và “zh”: wash /wɑʃ/, ratio /ˈɹeɪ.ʃoʊ/, infection /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/, shipment /ˈʃɪpmənt/, gibberish /ˈd͡ʒɪ.bə.ɹɪʃ/
- Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: electrical /ɪˈlɛktɹɪkəl/, remarkably /ɹɪˈmɑɹkəbli/, emphysema /ˌɛmfɪˈsimə/
Cách luyện với video này
- Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
- Bắt đầu ở tốc độ 0,75×, nói đuổi từng câu, rồi quay lại tốc độ bình thường khi đã quen.
- Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như monkey, hurricane, disaster.
Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?
Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.