シャドーイング練習: What I Learned on Monkey Island - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
レッスンを作成中...
1
Monkey Island is, perhaps unsurprisingly, home to thousands of monkeys.
2
And when a major hurricane blew directly across the island, the researchers who study those monkeys thought that they were going to return to a scene of mass tragedy.
3
But only two monkeys died during the storm. It wasn’t until long after the skies cleared that the bodies started piling up.
4
Hi I’m David, and this is MinuteEarth.
5
Long ago, I used to study those monkeys, but I hadn’t been back to Monkey Island since Hurricane Maria tore through there in 2017.
6
So a few months ago, when Kate and I were invited to Puerto Rico for a conference, we took a side trip over to the island. The place looked completely different.
7
Most of the man-made structures were in ruins.
8
This exposed hilltop used to be completely covered with forest. Even the isthmus that used to connect the big isle and the small isle was completely washed away.
9
And despite all of this, somehow, only two monkeys died. But then, in the years following the hurricane, fifty more monkeys died than usual.
10
Stressed-out monkeys with weakened immune systems succumbed to diseases.
11
Traumatized females gave birth to babies who died soon after they were born.
12
And with over half the trees on the island gone, monkeys were suddenly way more exposed, leading to more heat-related illnesses and deaths.
13
The monkeys weren't the only primates affected by Hurricane Maria; the hurricane also pummeled mainland Puerto Rico and the humans that live there.
14
About 100 people are estimated to have died as a direct result of the storm.
15
But, as with the monkeys, lots of deaths happened later on, too.
16
The electrical grid got overwhelmed and hospitals lost power, causing people to die from infections.
17
Roads were blocked or destroyed, so others couldn’t even get to hospitals in the first place, causing them to die from things like emphysema and pneumonia.
18
And insulin shipments couldn’t get through, causing people to die of diabetes.
19
Researchers think about three thousand more people died as a result of these longer-term, indirect impacts of the storm; that's 30 times more people than died during the storm itself.
20
That ratio – which we can call the "aftermath number", is remarkably similar to the one for Monkey Island, which was 25.
21
All hurricanes have these kinds of lingering deaths – sometimes lots of them; for example, the average hurricane that makes landfall in the US has an aftermath number of more than 200.
22
And other disasters have aftermath deaths too.
23
Major floods lead to heart attacks in overworked farmers, who have to replant their soggy fields.
24
Earthquakes often lead to disease outbreaks by breaking sewage pipes and creating unsanitary conditions.
25
Scientists are still trying to figure out what it is about a particular disaster that determines its aftermath number.
26
Disasters like earthquakes tend to have lower aftermath numbers for the same total of deaths because more of the deaths happen during the disaster.
27
But the fact that aftermath deaths exist at all –and that some disasters have so many of them– means we probably need to pay just as much attention –or even more– to the lingering effects of a disaster as to the disaster itself.
28
And when you hear that a hurricane in the US killed, say, 5 people, you should multiply that number in your head by around 200 to understand the true death count of the hurricane.
29
And that brings me back to the monkeys of Monkey Island.
30
In the aftermath of Hurricane Maria, the monkeys started grooming one another more often than they used to – like, way more often.
31
For monkeys, grooming is a way of building social ties and making friends, and the researchers think that, collectively, the monkeys were grooming more as a way of lowering their stress levels – and, inadvertently, their aftermath number.
32
And even today, these monkeys still groom each other more than they used to.
33
That's the kind of aftermath we should all be aiming for.
34
Monkeys live in all sorts of cool places, and I’ve gotten to go all over the world studying them. Of course, that also means I’ve spent a ton of time in airports using public wifi.
35
Which is why I’m psyched this video was sponsored by SurfShark, my goto VPN whenever I’m travelling.
36
SurfShark encrypts my online data whenever I’m on a sketchy connection; even if someone is monkeying around on the connection, the only thing they’ll see is gibberish code.
37
Plus, the VPN lets me pretend to be anywhere in the world, which means I can access my favorite content no matter where I am.
38
Right now, you can secure your privacy for an extra four months by going to surfshark.com/minuteearth or use the code MINUTEEARTH.
39
There’s no risk – they offer a 30-day money back guarantee.
40
That’s surfshark.com/MinuteEarth. Thanks!
📺 同じチャンネル
B210
Why Do India And China Have So Many People?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B21
Why Haven't We Domesticated Monkeys?
University StudentsWorking Adults
B22
Where Did Earth's Water Come From?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B29
The Heaviest Part of a Forest Is NOT What You Think
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C19
Why Don't Blue Whales Eat Fish?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B22
Why We Faint (When Other Animals Don't)
TOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C13
How To Kill A Volcano
University StudentsWorking Adults
C13
Three Specific Ways AI Could Kill Us All
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C168
Why is it Hot Underground?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
MinuteEarth Explains: Cats vs Dogs
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
Why Don't Snakes Poison Themselves?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C16
The Best Dragon (According to Science)
University StudentsWorking Adults
C13
Why Do Rivers Curve?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C19
How High Can Birds Fly?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B2Why Do We Have More Boys Than Girls?
University Students
B2MinuteEarth Explains: Microbes
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B2Why Don't Our Bones Keep Growing Forever?
TOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B2Could This Thing *Really* Fly?
University Students
C1There’s Really Only One Way To Die
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B2You've Been Misled About The Water Cycle
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
✨ おすすめ動画
B263 文
Hurricane Lala Pummels Hawaii, Causing Widespread Damage
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B2442 文
I Was An MIT Educated Neurosurgeon Now I'm Unemployed And Alone In The Mountains How Did I Get Here?
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B24
35 文
RE2 Unit 6A
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B22
95 文
How to Survive the Top 5 Deadliest Primates
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
222 文
The Mutated Animals of Chernobyl
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B21
81 文
How to Survive Being Lost in the Amazon
Travel EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B23
53 文
Cambridge IELTS 17 Test 4 Reading passage 1
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepCambridge Exam Prep
B26
61 文
RE3 Unit 3A
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
111 文
How To Eat For Pure Health (According to science)
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
37 文
The Megatsunami That Struck the Entire Planet
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B28
42 文
Your Life Now Vs. In The Past
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が40文、単語が805語あります。 音声の長さは3:56です。 話す速さは速く、1分あたり約205語です。音のつながりや弱く発音される音が多くなります。 英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は77%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。
この動画の重要語彙
動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| monkey 名詞 | /ˈmʌŋki/ | 猿, サル |
| hurricane 名詞 | /ˈhʌɹɪkeɪn/ | 暴風, 暴風雨 |
| aftermath 名詞 | /ˈæf.tɚˌmæθ/ | 余波, 結果 |
| disaster 名詞 | /dɪˈzɑːs.təː/ | 災害, 天災 |
| researcher 名詞 | /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ | 研究員, 研究者 |
| earthquake 名詞 | /ˈɝθkweɪk/ | 地震 |
| expose 動詞 | /ɪkˈspoʊz/ | 晒す, 暴く |
| aisle 名詞 | /aɪ̯l/ | 通路 |
| wash 動詞 | /wɑʃ/ | 洗う |
| guarantee 名詞 | /ˌɡæɹ.ənˈtiː/ | 保証 |
| illness 名詞 | /ˈɪl.nəs/ | 病気, 疾病 |
| connect 動詞 | /kəˈnɛkt/ | 繋げる |
| ratio 名詞 | /ˈɹeɪ.ʃoʊ/ | 比 |
| privacy 名詞 | /ˈpɹaɪ.və.si/ | プライバシー, プライヴァシー |
| tear 動詞 | /tɛɹ/ | 破る, 引き裂く |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| wash away 動詞 | 押し流す |
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 「used to」 used to + 動詞 — 今はもう違う過去の習慣や状態 | used to study · used to be |
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | were invited · were born · are estimated |
| 関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える | Island, which was · world, which means |
注意したい発音
話し手はI'm, couldn't, I'veなど、短縮形や弱形を12回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「th」の音: aftermath /ˈæf.tɚˌmæθ/, earthquake /ˈɝθkweɪk/
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: wash /wɑʃ/, ratio /ˈɹeɪ.ʃoʊ/, infection /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/, shipment /ˈʃɪpmənt/, gibberish /ˈd͡ʒɪ.bə.ɹɪʃ/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: electrical /ɪˈlɛktɹɪkəl/, remarkably /ɹɪˈmɑɹkəbli/, emphysema /ˌɛmfɪˈsimə/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。monkey, hurricane, aftermathなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。