シャドーイング練習: Your Life Now Vs. In The Past - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

レッスンを作成中...
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Times feel rough, with natural disasters, major political conflicts, and uncertainty about the future.
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But as the memes roll in about it being a horrible time to be alive, you might be surprised to see your life now versus what it would have been in the past.
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Much of history actually involves humans succumbing to malnutrition and hunger.
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In ancient Egypt, a severe drought could hit and 5-10% of the entire population would die.
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Of course, things aren't perfect today, with 11% of even France suffering from food insecurity, which means their diet is limited due to socio-economic status,
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and they eat less nutritious foods and excess amounts of carbohydrates and salt, but compare this to the years of 1692 to 1694,
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when 15% of France's population literally died because food was simply too expensive.
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Today, while millions do suffer from malnutrition, advancements in technology, government agencies and NGOs help to ensure that most are not dying.
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In fact, for the first time in human history, more people are overweight than suffering from malnutrition.
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As Homo sapiens began to live in cities, there was a massive increase in disease.
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In the 1330s, a horrifying outbreak of what they believed were demons, bad air, or angry gods killed 75 to 200 million people.
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We now realize it was the flea-dwelling bacterium Yersinia pestis, known historically as the Black Plague.
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But at the time, people really had no idea what was killing them.
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In 1520, a Spanish flotilla heading to Mexico had an individual on it carrying an early case of smallpox virus.
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Within two months, the disease had killed one third of Mexico's population.
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In the following years, there were so many infectious disease outbreaks in Mexico
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that the population fell from 22 million to 2 million over the course of only 60 years.
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People were constantly dying of disease, and nobody knew how to cure them.
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Remedies at the time included praying, having cold baths, or rubbing black beetles on sores.
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Even as recently as 1918, the Spanish flu spread internationally, and within a few months, one-third of the entire world population was infected,
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and 3-5% of the world died.
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Today, most of our flu worries are based around the pain of needles.
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Modern medicine saves millions of lives.
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The smallpox vaccine fully eradicated the disease from our planet.
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When diseases like SARS or Ebola appear, and the world prepares for a severe public health emergency, far fewer people die due to international organization,
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modern technology, and continued advancements in medicine.
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When Europe colonized the Americas, an estimated 100 million people died, though precolonization populations of indigenous people is not well documented,
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making some estimates millions higher.
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As many as 85 million people died in World War II, and in ancient agricultural societies, human violence caused 15% of all deaths.
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Today, human violence accounts for around 1% of deaths.
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In 2012, only 120,000 people died in war, whereas 1.5 million died of diabetes.
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For the first time in human history, when most people consider the future, they don't assume war.
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As we look to this year, while there is still starvation, disease, war and inequalities, it's drastically better than most of human history.
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But we must continue to be critical of our governments, challenge companies and rethink the way human society is structured in order to continue progress.
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By acknowledging the successful human efforts in medical research, economic reform, peace initiatives and governmental support to decrease starvation,
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disease and violence, we can find hope for the future.
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Hope is a valuable notion to focus on as we look for a way to be content in a world that, at times, can seem so overwhelmingly bad.
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If you could use a little light-hearted fun, check out our latest t-shirt design, The Rotation of the Earth Makes My Day,
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which we just launched and is available for the next two weeks only at asapscience.com slash merch.
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We really appreciate all the support through the years and couldn't make these videos without you.
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If you like our stuff, be sure to give it a like, comment, subscribe, and hit that bell button.
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It all helps keep our channel going in the YouTube algorithm and means a lot to us.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

このB2レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Your Life Now Vs. In The Past」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：disease, population, died, malnutrition, violence。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が42文、単語が692語あります。 音声の長さは4:01です。 話す速さは1分あたり約172語で、日常会話に近い自然なペースです。 単語の83%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。

この動画の重要語彙

動画の中で特に難しい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語発音意味
malnutrition 名詞/ˌmæl.nuˈtɹɪʃ.ən/栄養失調
smallpox 名詞/ˈsmɔlpɑks/天然痘, 疱瘡
starvation 名詞/stɑɹˈveɪʃən/飢餓
bacterium 名詞/bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəm/細菌, バクテリア
carbohydrate 名詞/kɑɹboʊˈhaɪdɹeɪt/炭水化物, 含水炭素
eradicate 動詞/əˈræd.əˌkeɪt/根絶する, 根刮ぎにする
infect 動詞/ɪnˈfɛkt/感染させる
rethink 動詞/ɹiːˈθɪŋk/再考する
beetle 名詞/ˈbiːtəl/甲虫
insecurity 名詞コンプレックス
dwell 動詞/dwɛl/住む, 居住する
overweight 形容詞/ˌoʊvɚˈweɪt/メタボな
infectious 形容詞/ɪnˈfɛk.ʃəs/感染性
remedy 名詞/ˈɹɛmədi/療法
governmental 形容詞/ˌɡʌvɚnˈmɛnt(ə)l/政府の

動画に出てくる句動詞

単語意味
check out 動詞試験する, 検査する

注意したい発音

話し手はaren't, couldn't, don'tなど、短縮形や弱形を3回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。

  • 「th」の音: rethink /ɹiːˈθɪŋk/, algorithm /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/
  • 「sh」と「zh」の音: malnutrition /ˌmæl.nuˈtɹɪʃ.ən/, starvation /stɑɹˈveɪʃən/, nutritious /nuːˈtɹɪʃəs/, infectious /ɪnˈfɛk.ʃəs/, notion /ˈnoʊʃən/
  • 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: malnutrition /ˌmæl.nuˈtɹɪʃ.ən/, carbohydrate /kɑɹboʊˈhaɪdɹeɪt/, eradicate /əˈræd.əˌkeɪt/, overwhelmingly /ˌəʊ.vəˈwɛl.mɪŋ.lɪ/, governmental /ˌɡʌvɚnˈmɛnt(ə)l/

日本語話者が苦手な音：

  • /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: malnutrition /ˌmæl.nuˈtɹɪʃ.ən/, algorithm /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/, historically /hɪˈstɔɹɪkli/
  • /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: starvation /stɑɹˈveɪʃən/, advancement /ædˈvæns.mənt/, overwhelmingly /ˌəʊ.vəˈwɛl.mɪŋ.lɪ/, overweight /ˌoʊvɚˈweɪt/, governmental /ˌɡʌvɚnˈmɛnt(ə)l/
  • /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: flotilla /floʊˈtɪlə/, horrify /ˈhɒɹɪfaɪ/, infect /ɪnˈfɛkt/, infectious /ɪnˈfɛk.ʃəs/

この動画での練習方法

  1. まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
  2. まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
  3. 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。malnutrition, smallpox, starvationなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →