Практика Shadowing: Your Life Now Vs. In The Past - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
Создание урока...
1
Times feel rough, with natural disasters, major political conflicts, and uncertainty about the future.
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But as the memes roll in about it being a horrible time to be alive, you might be surprised to see your life now versus what it would have been in the past.
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Much of history actually involves humans succumbing to malnutrition and hunger.
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In ancient Egypt, a severe drought could hit and 5-10% of the entire population would die.
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Of course, things aren't perfect today, with 11% of even France suffering from food insecurity, which means their diet is limited due to socio-economic status,
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and they eat less nutritious foods and excess amounts of carbohydrates and salt, but compare this to the years of 1692 to 1694,
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when 15% of France's population literally died because food was simply too expensive.
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Today, while millions do suffer from malnutrition, advancements in technology, government agencies and NGOs help to ensure that most are not dying.
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In fact, for the first time in human history, more people are overweight than suffering from malnutrition.
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As Homo sapiens began to live in cities, there was a massive increase in disease.
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In the 1330s, a horrifying outbreak of what they believed were demons, bad air, or angry gods killed 75 to 200 million people.
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We now realize it was the flea-dwelling bacterium Yersinia pestis, known historically as the Black Plague.
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But at the time, people really had no idea what was killing them.
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In 1520, a Spanish flotilla heading to Mexico had an individual on it carrying an early case of smallpox virus.
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Within two months, the disease had killed one third of Mexico's population.
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In the following years, there were so many infectious disease outbreaks in Mexico
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that the population fell from 22 million to 2 million over the course of only 60 years.
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People were constantly dying of disease, and nobody knew how to cure them.
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Remedies at the time included praying, having cold baths, or rubbing black beetles on sores.
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Even as recently as 1918, the Spanish flu spread internationally, and within a few months, one-third of the entire world population was infected,
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and 3-5% of the world died.
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Today, most of our flu worries are based around the pain of needles.
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Modern medicine saves millions of lives.
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The smallpox vaccine fully eradicated the disease from our planet.
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When diseases like SARS or Ebola appear, and the world prepares for a severe public health emergency, far fewer people die due to international organization,
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modern technology, and continued advancements in medicine.
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When Europe colonized the Americas, an estimated 100 million people died, though precolonization populations of indigenous people is not well documented,
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making some estimates millions higher.
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As many as 85 million people died in World War II, and in ancient agricultural societies, human violence caused 15% of all deaths.
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Today, human violence accounts for around 1% of deaths.
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In 2012, only 120,000 people died in war, whereas 1.5 million died of diabetes.
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For the first time in human history, when most people consider the future, they don't assume war.
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As we look to this year, while there is still starvation, disease, war and inequalities, it's drastically better than most of human history.
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But we must continue to be critical of our governments, challenge companies and rethink the way human society is structured in order to continue progress.
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By acknowledging the successful human efforts in medical research, economic reform, peace initiatives and governmental support to decrease starvation,
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disease and violence, we can find hope for the future.
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Hope is a valuable notion to focus on as we look for a way to be content in a world that, at times, can seem so overwhelmingly bad.
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If you could use a little light-hearted fun, check out our latest t-shirt design, The Rotation of the Earth Makes My Day,
39
which we just launched and is available for the next two weeks only at asapscience.com slash merch.
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We really appreciate all the support through the years and couldn't make these videos without you.
41
If you like our stuff, be sure to give it a like, comment, subscribe, and hit that bell button.
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It all helps keep our channel going in the YouTube algorithm and means a lot to us.
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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
Этот урок разговорной практики уровня B2 построен на видео «Your Life Now Vs. In The Past». Чаще всего повторяются слова: disease, population, died, malnutrition, violence. В этом видео 42 предложений и 692 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 4:01. Говорящий говорит в естественном темпе, около 172 слов в минуту, близком к повседневной речи. 83% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка; остальные стоит разобрать перед занятием.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
Самые сложные слова из видео (15), с произношением и значением:
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| malnutrition существительное | /ˌmæl.nuˈtɹɪʃ.ən/ | недоеда́ние |
| smallpox существительное | /ˈsmɔlpɑks/ | о́спа |
| starvation существительное | /stɑɹˈveɪʃən/ | го́лод, голода́ние |
| advancement существительное | /ædˈvæns.mənt/ | прогре́сс, продвиже́ние |
| outbreak существительное | /ˈaʊtbɹeɪk/ | вспы́шка, взрыв |
| bacterium существительное | /bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəm/ | бакте́рия |
| carbohydrate существительное | /kɑɹboʊˈhaɪdɹeɪt/ | углево́д, карбогидра́т |
| colonize глагол | /ˈkɑlənaɪz/ | колонизи́ровать |
| eradicate глагол | /əˈræd.əˌkeɪt/ | уничтожа́ть, уничто́жить |
| flotilla существительное | /floʊˈtɪlə/ | флоти́лия |
| infect глагол | /ɪnˈfɛkt/ | заража́ть, зарази́ть |
| nutritious прилагательное | /nuːˈtɹɪʃəs/ | пита́тельный |
| rethink глагол | /ɹiːˈθɪŋk/ | переду́мывать, переду́мать |
| succumb глагол | /səˈkʌm/ | уступа́ть |
| beetle существительное | /ˈbiːtəl/ | жук, жесткокры́лый |
Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите
| Слово | Значение |
|---|---|
| check out глагол | проверя́ть, прове́рить |
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
Говорящий использует 3 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например aren't, couldn't, don't. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.
- Звуки «th»: rethink /ɹiːˈθɪŋk/, algorithm /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: malnutrition /ˌmæl.nuˈtɹɪʃ.ən/, starvation /stɑɹˈveɪʃən/, nutritious /nuːˈtɹɪʃəs/, infectious /ɪnˈfɛk.ʃəs/, notion /ˈnoʊʃən/
- Длинные слова — следите за ударением: malnutrition /ˌmæl.nuˈtɹɪʃ.ən/, carbohydrate /kɑɹboʊˈhaɪdɹeɪt/, eradicate /əˈræd.əˌkeɪt/, overwhelmingly /ˌəʊ.vəˈwɛl.mɪŋ.lɪ/, governmental /ˌɡʌvɚnˈmɛnt(ə)l/
Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:
- /w/ — губы округлены, это не /v/: overwhelmingly /ˌəʊ.vəˈwɛl.mɪŋ.lɪ/, dwell /dwɛl/, overweight /ˌoʊvɚˈweɪt/, inequality /ˌɪn.ɪˈkwɑ.lɪ.ti/
- /h/ — лёгкий выдох, а не русское «х»: carbohydrate /kɑɹboʊˈhaɪdɹeɪt/, horrify /ˈhɒɹɪfaɪ/, historically /hɪˈstɔɹɪkli/, hunger /ˈhʌŋɡɚ/
- Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: colonize /ˈkɑlənaɪz/, rub /ɹʌb/, subscribe /səbˈskɹaɪb/, diabetes /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/, acknowledge /əkˈnɑ.lɪd͡ʒ/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Начните со скорости 0,75×, повторяйте предложение за предложением и вернитесь к обычной скорости, когда станет легко.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как malnutrition, smallpox, starvation.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.