Prática de Shadowing: Your Life Now Vs. In The Past - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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Times feel rough, with natural disasters, major political conflicts, and uncertainty about the future.
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But as the memes roll in about it being a horrible time to be alive, you might be surprised to see your life now versus what it would have been in the past.
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Much of history actually involves humans succumbing to malnutrition and hunger.
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In ancient Egypt, a severe drought could hit and 5-10% of the entire population would die.
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Of course, things aren't perfect today, with 11% of even France suffering from food insecurity, which means their diet is limited due to socio-economic status,
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and they eat less nutritious foods and excess amounts of carbohydrates and salt, but compare this to the years of 1692 to 1694,
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when 15% of France's population literally died because food was simply too expensive.
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Today, while millions do suffer from malnutrition, advancements in technology, government agencies and NGOs help to ensure that most are not dying.
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In fact, for the first time in human history, more people are overweight than suffering from malnutrition.
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As Homo sapiens began to live in cities, there was a massive increase in disease.
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In the 1330s, a horrifying outbreak of what they believed were demons, bad air, or angry gods killed 75 to 200 million people.
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We now realize it was the flea-dwelling bacterium Yersinia pestis, known historically as the Black Plague.
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But at the time, people really had no idea what was killing them.
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In 1520, a Spanish flotilla heading to Mexico had an individual on it carrying an early case of smallpox virus.
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Within two months, the disease had killed one third of Mexico's population.
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In the following years, there were so many infectious disease outbreaks in Mexico
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that the population fell from 22 million to 2 million over the course of only 60 years.
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People were constantly dying of disease, and nobody knew how to cure them.
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Remedies at the time included praying, having cold baths, or rubbing black beetles on sores.
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Even as recently as 1918, the Spanish flu spread internationally, and within a few months, one-third of the entire world population was infected,
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and 3-5% of the world died.
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Today, most of our flu worries are based around the pain of needles.
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Modern medicine saves millions of lives.
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The smallpox vaccine fully eradicated the disease from our planet.
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When diseases like SARS or Ebola appear, and the world prepares for a severe public health emergency, far fewer people die due to international organization,
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modern technology, and continued advancements in medicine.
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When Europe colonized the Americas, an estimated 100 million people died, though precolonization populations of indigenous people is not well documented,
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making some estimates millions higher.
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As many as 85 million people died in World War II, and in ancient agricultural societies, human violence caused 15% of all deaths.
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Today, human violence accounts for around 1% of deaths.
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In 2012, only 120,000 people died in war, whereas 1.5 million died of diabetes.
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For the first time in human history, when most people consider the future, they don't assume war.
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As we look to this year, while there is still starvation, disease, war and inequalities, it's drastically better than most of human history.
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But we must continue to be critical of our governments, challenge companies and rethink the way human society is structured in order to continue progress.
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By acknowledging the successful human efforts in medical research, economic reform, peace initiatives and governmental support to decrease starvation,
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disease and violence, we can find hope for the future.
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Hope is a valuable notion to focus on as we look for a way to be content in a world that, at times, can seem so overwhelmingly bad.
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If you could use a little light-hearted fun, check out our latest t-shirt design, The Rotation of the Earth Makes My Day,
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which we just launched and is available for the next two weeks only at asapscience.com slash merch.
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We really appreciate all the support through the years and couldn't make these videos without you.
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If you like our stuff, be sure to give it a like, comment, subscribe, and hit that bell button.
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It all helps keep our channel going in the YouTube algorithm and means a lot to us.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação de nível B2 usa o vídeo “Your Life Now Vs. In The Past”. As palavras que mais se repetem: disease, population, died, malnutrition, violence. Este vídeo tem 42 frases e 692 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 4:01. O falante fala em ritmo natural, cerca de 172 palavras por minuto, próximo de uma conversa do dia a dia. 83% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
As 15 palavras mais avançadas do vídeo, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| malnutrition substantivo | /ˌmæl.nuˈtɹɪʃ.ən/ | desnutrição |
| smallpox substantivo | /ˈsmɔlpɑks/ | varíola |
| starvation substantivo | /stɑɹˈveɪʃən/ | inanição |
| outbreak substantivo | /ˈaʊtbɹeɪk/ | surto |
| bacterium substantivo | /bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəm/ | bactéria |
| carbohydrate substantivo | /kɑɹboʊˈhaɪdɹeɪt/ | carboidrato |
| colonize verbo | /ˈkɑlənaɪz/ | colonizar |
| eradicate verbo | /əˈræd.əˌkeɪt/ | erradicar, exterminar |
| flotilla substantivo | /floʊˈtɪlə/ | flotilha |
| infect verbo | /ɪnˈfɛkt/ | infectar, contagiar |
| nutritious adjetivo | /nuːˈtɹɪʃəs/ | nutritivo, nutriente |
| rethink verbo | /ɹiːˈθɪŋk/ | repensar |
| succumb verbo | /səˈkʌm/ | sucumbir |
| beetle substantivo | /ˈbiːtəl/ | escaravelho, besouro |
| insecurity substantivo | insegurança |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Significado |
|---|---|
| check out verbo | verificar, sacar só |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 3 contrações e formas reduzidas, como aren't, couldn't, don't. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “th”: rethink /ɹiːˈθɪŋk/, algorithm /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: malnutrition /ˌmæl.nuˈtɹɪʃ.ən/, starvation /stɑɹˈveɪʃən/, nutritious /nuːˈtɹɪʃəs/, infectious /ɪnˈfɛk.ʃəs/, notion /ˈnoʊʃən/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: malnutrition /ˌmæl.nuˈtɹɪʃ.ən/, carbohydrate /kɑɹboʊˈhaɪdɹeɪt/, eradicate /əˈræd.əˌkeɪt/, overwhelmingly /ˌəʊ.vəˈwɛl.mɪŋ.lɪ/, governmental /ˌɡʌvɚnˈmɛnt(ə)l/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: advancement /ædˈvæns.mənt/, outbreak /ˈaʊtbɹeɪk/, carbohydrate /kɑɹboʊˈhaɪdɹeɪt/, eradicate /əˈræd.əˌkeɪt/, infect /ɪnˈfɛkt/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: beetle /ˈbiːtəl/, dwell /dwɛl/, governmental /ˌɡʌvɚnˈmɛnt(ə)l/, needle /ˈniː.dəl/
- /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: carbohydrate /kɑɹboʊˈhaɪdɹeɪt/, horrify /ˈhɒɹɪfaɪ/, historically /hɪˈstɔɹɪkli/, hunger /ˈhʌŋɡɚ/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como malnutrition, smallpox, starvation.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.