Prática de Shadowing: Democrats vs Republicans - Which Brain is Better? - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo

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The world feels pretty divided.

Currently, 81 % of both liberals and conservatives have unfavorable views towards those on the other side.

But is there actually a fundamental biological difference between liberals and conservatives?

On the surface, we can see some funny differences like conservatives like meat and potatoes more,

while liberals tend to like trying food from other cultures more.

In general, conservatives prefer purebred dogs while liberals prefer mixed breeds, and liberals are okay with free verse poetry while conservatives prefer it to rhyme.

But as we study more, we realize that the differences are much deeper.

When put through MRI brain scans, it turns out that liberals are more likely to have a larger anterior cingulate cortex,

which is associated with understanding and monitoring conflict, while conservatives have a larger right amygdala, which helps process fear and anxiety.

And that makes sense, given the years of research

that have shown people tend to become more conservative when they feel threatened or afraid.

After 9 -11, for example, the US became politically more conservative, with studies showing increased support for issues like national security and military spending.

But studies have also found that conservatives and liberals employ different cognitive styles.

Conservatives excel when it comes to more structured and organized problems or questions, whereas liberals tend to be more flexible

and less likely to commit errors with questions involving conflicting information and requiring fast reaction times.

One study looking at dorm rooms even found that, on average, conservative students' rooms were less messy than liberals.

But they also experienced pain in different ways, so much so that one study was able to predict who was liberal

or conservative just by viewing brain scans of them looking at graphic photos containing mutilations.

In this instance, liberal brains were more active in the S2 or somatosensory 2 region, which is normally activated when you're in pain,

but also when you see someone else suffering.

It's essentially scientific evidence for the bleeding heart liberal stereotype, which doesn't mean conservatives are uncaring, but that their minds just respond to graphic images differently.

In America, this can explain how

Democrats and Republicans perceive the world in fundamentally different ways.

It's difficult to grasp how someone on the other side of politics thinks

because we tend to overestimate the extent to which our opinions, beliefs and values are normal.

Psychologists refer to this as false consensus bias.

For example, if you heard Yanny in the Yanny vs. Laurel debate,

it may have felt that you were the normal one and it was insane that anyone could be hearing Laurel.

Apply this logic to politics and you can see why people have such polarizing ideas on issues like immigration,

abortion, gun rights, etc. But where do these differences come from?

One study revealed that genetics can account for around 30 -40 % of a person's political leanings.

Which may seem like a lot,

but there are still many other important factors like your environment and personal experiences which play massive roles in your politics.

Political neuroscience is a relatively new field of study with fascinating results, and in a world that's being increasingly characterized by its divisions,

perhaps an important aspect of unity involves using neuroscience to better understand each other's differences.

On a lighter note, space is a place where liberals and conservatives and nations all over the world come together,

and we actually just made a video where we tried out the latest space food that astronauts are eating right now.

Click here or the description to check it out.

Also, if you want even more science, we have a weekly science podcast, so subscribe to it.

The link is like down there, I think, and it's called Side Note.

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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição

Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “Democrats vs Republicans - Which Brain is Better?”. As palavras que mais se repetem: conservative, liberal, difference, study, tend. Este vídeo tem 40 frases e 619 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 3:22. O falante fala rápido, cerca de 184 palavras por minuto, então espere sons ligados e reduzidos. Apenas 80% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.

Vocabulário principal deste vídeo

15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:

Palavra	Pronúncia	Significado
involve verbo	/ɪnˈvɑlv/	envolver
graphic adjetivo	/ˈɡɹæfɪk/	gráfico
scan verbo	/skæn/	varrer
extent substantivo	/ɪkˈstɛnt/	extensão
immigration substantivo	/ˌɪmɪˈɡɹeɪʃən/	imigração
belief substantivo	/bɪˈliːf/	crença
anxiety substantivo	/æŋˈzaɪ.əti/	angústia, ansiedade
refer verbo	/ɹɪˈfɜː/	encaminhar
suffer verbo	/ˈsʌfɚ/	sofrer
reveal verbo	/ɹɪˈviːl/	revelar
essentially advérbio	/ɪˈsɛnʃəli/	em essência, essencialmente
aspect substantivo	/ˈæspɛkt/	aspeto, aspecto
whereas	/(h)wɛɹˈæz/	enquanto, ao passo que
insane adjetivo	/ɪnˈseɪn/	insano, doido
poetry substantivo	/ˈpoʊ.ə.tɹi/	poesia

Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir

Palavra	Significado
put through verbo	passar, transferir
try out verbo	provar, experimentar
turn out verbo	terminar

Gramática neste vídeo

As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:

Estrutura	No vídeo
Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz	is associated · is normally activated · being increasingly characterized
Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora	have shown · have also found
Possibilidade com “might / may” might/may + verbo — algo possível, mas não certo	may have · may seem
Present continuous am/is/are + -ing — algo que está acontecendo agora ou nestes dias	are uncaring · are eating

Pronúncia para ficar de olho

Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: immigration /ˌɪmɪˈɡɹeɪʃən/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, abortion /əˈbɔɹ.ʃn̩/
Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: immigration /ˌɪmɪˈɡɹeɪʃən/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, fundamental /ˌfʌn.dəˈmɛn.təl/

Sons difíceis para falantes de português:

Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: graphic /ˈɡɹæfɪk/, extent /ɪkˈstɛnt/, aspect /ˈæspɛkt/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, commit /kəˈmɪt/
/l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: reveal /ɹɪˈviːl/, fundamental /ˌfʌn.dəˈmɛn.təl/, biological /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/, flexible /ˈflɛk.sɪ.bəl/, excel /ɪkˈsɛl/
s + consoante no início — sem um “i” antes: scan /skæn/, stereotype /ˈstɛ.ɹi.əˌtaɪp/

Como praticar com este vídeo

Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como involve, graphic, scan.

O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.

Técnica de shadowing: leia o guia completo passo a passo →

Prática de Shadowing: Democrats vs Republicans - Which Brain is Better? - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo

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